| 61. |
|
|
| 62. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of materials supply systems during product development projects
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Euroma Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper discusses the process of designing materials supply systems during product development projects with focus on the evaluation part. A case study was conducted in close cooperation with a company within the automotive industry. Two performance measures for the materials supply systems evaluation were selected, namely inventory value and handling required for the materials supply. The result from the case study is an analysis of how these performance measures can be assessed early in product development projects and how they can be used in the process of materials supply systems design.
|
|
| 63. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of materials supply systems during product development projects
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 44:5, s. 903-917
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to analyse how materials supply systems can be evaluated during product development projects in a concurrent engineering context. The focus is on performance assessment of materials supply systems and the input data required. A case study was conducted in close cooperation with a company and two performance measures were assessed during the concept definition phase and recalculated during the product and process validation phase. The results show that preliminary input data can be used to calculate performance measures by means of the following approaches: indicators, standards or scenarios. Furthermore, it is discussed how performance assessment can assist the materials supply systems design process in a concurrent engineering context by facilitating early problem discovery, early decision-making, and common understanding.
|
|
| 64. |
|
|
| 65. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of shipment size on logistics costs in the ordering company
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th NOFOMA Conference, Aarhus, Denmark.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows the great importance of taking transportation costs into account when deciding on the shipment sizes. During the last few decades companies have tried to reduce their shipment sizes, in order to increase their inventory turnover rates. However, the transportation cost is hardly ever included as an explicit parameter in the shipment size decision. The results from a case study show that it is economically advantageous, in the perspective of the model applied, to increase the shipment sizes for many of the suppliers. These results are discussed together with the factors that act for smaller shipment sizes. One of the final conclusions is, however, that if the manufacturing and the materials flow systems were changed in order to take full advantage of smaller shipment sizes and less material in house, it would possibly be profitable to decrease the shipment sizes even more than has hitherto been done.
|
|
| 66. |
|
|
| 67. |
- Johansson, Eva-Liz, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of different routes of vaccination for eliciting antibody responses in the human stomach
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 22:8, s. 984-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of optimal routes to induce mucosal immune responses locally in the stomach and duodenum are important steps in the development of vaccines against Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, we immunized H. pylori-infected individuals either nasally or rectally with a model antigen, i.e. cholera toxin B subunit, and compared the immune responses after these routes with the responses after oral or intrajejunal vaccination. Specific antibody levels in serum as well as specific antibody levels and antibody-secreting cells in biopsies from antrum and duodenum were determined by ELISA and ELISPOT methods. In contrast to oral vaccination, nasal and rectal vaccination did not induce significant increases in specific antibody-secreting cells either in the antrum or duodenum. Furthermore, when analyzing the antibody levels in saponin extracted biopsies, intrajejunal vaccination was superior to both nasal and rectal vaccination in inducing antigen-specific IgA levels in the stomach. We conclude that oral vaccination is the optimal route for induction of antigen-specific IgA antibody responses in the stomach and duodenum of humans, while nasal or rectal vaccination is less suitable for this purpose.
|
|
| 68. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term quality-of-life outcomes after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting : the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 randomised trial
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 12:9, s. 891-899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: For men with localised prostate cancer, surgery provides a survival benefit compared with watchful waiting. Treatments are associated with morbidity. Results for functional outcome and quality of life are rarely reported beyond 10 years and are lacking from randomised settings. We report results for quality of life for men in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) after a median follow-up of more than 12 years.METHODS: All living Swedish and Finnish men (400 of 695) randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting in SPCG-4 from 1989 to 1999 were included in our analysis. An additional 281 men were included in a population-based control group matched for region and age. Physical symptoms, symptom-induced stress, and self-assessed quality of life were evaluated with a study-specific questionnaire. Longitudinal data were available for 166 Swedish men who had answered quality-of-life questionnaires at an earlier timepoint.FINDINGS: 182 (88%) of 208 men in the radical prostatectomy group, 167 (87%) of 192 men in the watchful-waiting group, and 214 (76%) of 281 men in the population-based control group answered the questionnaire. Men in SPCG-4 had a median follow-up of 12·2 years (range 7-17) and a median age of 77·0 years (range 61-88). High self-assessed quality of life was reported by 62 (35%) of 179 men allocated radical prostatectomy, 55 (34%) of 160 men assigned to watchful waiting, and 93 (45%) of 208 men in the control group. Anxiety was higher in the SPCG-4 groups (77 [43%] of 178 and 69 [43%] of 161 men) than in the control group (68 [33%] of 208 men; relative risk 1·42, 95% CI 1·07-1·88). Prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 84% (146 of 173 men) in the radical prostatectomy group, 80% (122 of 153) in the watchful-waiting group, and 46% (95 of 208) in the control group and prevalence of urinary leakage was 41% (71 of 173), 11% (18 of 164), and 3% (six of 209), respectively. Distress caused by these symptoms was reported significantly more often by men allocated radical prostatectomy than by men assigned to watchful waiting. In a longitudinal analysis of men in SPCG-4 who provided information at two follow-up points 9 years apart, 38 (45%) of 85 men allocated radical prostatectomy and 48 (60%) of 80 men allocated watchful waiting reported an increase in number of physical symptoms; 50 (61%) of 82 and 47 (64%) of 74 men, respectively, reported a reduction in quality of life.INTERPRETATION: For men in SPCG-4, negative side-effects were common and added more stress than was reported in the control population. In the radical prostatectomy group, erectile dysfunction and urinary leakage were often consequences of surgery. In the watchful-waiting group, side-effects can be caused by tumour progression. The number and severity of side-effects changes over time at a higher rate than is caused by normal ageing and a loss of sexual ability is a persistent psychological problem for both interventions. An understanding of the patterns of side-effects and time dimension of their occurrence for each treatment is important for full patient information.
|
|
| 69. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Materials supply systems design in product development projects
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Operations & Production Management. - : Emerald. - 0144-3577 .- 1758-6593. ; 26:4, s. 371-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This research aims to develop a model for describing and analysing materials supply systems design in product development projects.Design/methodology/approach: Literature on materials supply and production systems design is reviewed in order to derive a materials supply systems design model. The model is applied to empirical data from a qualitative case study, which exemplifies how the model can serve to describe materials supply systems design in product development projects. Moreover, the model is used to analyse the empirical data related to the focus and characteristics of the design issues.Findings: The model developed contains the six areas: materials feeding, storage, transportation, handling, packaging, and manufacturing planning and control at four levels: supply chain, plant, subunit, and utility.Research limitations/implications: Future research could complement the model by developing a design process to enable systematic design of the materials supply system as well as the integration of materials supply aspects at an early stage of product development projects. Such a design process should also consider the design of the flows of specific components.Practical implications: The importance of considering the relations between the six design areas as well as evaluating the whole materials supply system is highlighted.Originality/value: The paper focuses on the materials supply aspects dealt with in product development projects, which have been the subject of little research interest so far, despite the fact that extensive resources are required for materials supply activities.
|
|
| 70. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of Life after Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting With or Without Androgen Deprivation Therapy: The SPCG-4 Randomized Trial.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European urology oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 1:2, s. 134-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Men with prostate cancer experience adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) differently.To evaluate the effect of ADT on quality of life (QoL), patients' experience of clinical check-ups, and differences in cancer information as explanatory factors.A study-specific questionnaire was sent to all men randomized in the SPCG-4 trial to radical prostatectomy (RP) or watchful waiting (WW) still alive (400/695) and a control group of 281 men.ADT.Self-assessed QoL, worry at clinical check-ups, and amount of information received. Estimated relative risks with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk comparisons between groups using a log-binomial regression.The SPCG-4 men had median follow-up of 12.2 yr and median age of 77.0 yr; 26% in the RP group and 40% in the WW group received ADT treatment. High QoL for men without ADT was 36% for the RP group, 44% for the WW group, and 45% for the control group. High QoL for men with ADT was 30% for the RP group and 20% for the WW group. Among men with ADT, those in the WW group received significantly less information about the disease than men in the RP group. Receiving no or little information about prostate cancer was reported by 17% of patients in the RP group and 39% in the WW group among men receiving ADT (relative risk 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.89). At clinical check-ups, men treated with ADT had significantly higher levels of worry, regardless of study group, than men without ADT. Limitations include the lack of longitudinal data and a low number of men receiving ADT in the RP group.Men on WW without ADT reported high QoL comparable to that for men without prostate cancer. ADT treatment in the WW group was associated with the lowest scores for all psychological parameters, and these men reported that they were least informed about prostate cancer and its consequences.Good communication and information from caregivers are associated with less negative psychological effects at prostate cancer progression.
|
|
