| 21. |
- Johansson, Helena, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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The Unruly Young Men - Some Key Constructions of Masculinity within Swedish Social Services
- 2016
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Ingår i: Indian journal of social work. - 0019-5634. ; :January
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article draws on two research projects conducted at the University of Gothenburg and highlights how social workers construct and reconstruct young masculinities. In the light of recent debates in India, induced by the gang rapes in New Delhi, the intersection between masculinity and class is of great relevance to social work. Research from both countries highlights a problematic situation within social work as boys from lower social classes often are predicted to become low achievers or drug addicts. Instead our focal point should be turned towards how we in interaction with our surroundings are shaped as males and females
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Lena, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Improved fracture risk prediction by adding VFA-identified vertebral fracture data to BMD by DXA and clinical risk factors used in FRAX
- 2022
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 33:8, s. 1725-1738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertebral fracture (VF) is a strong predictor of subsequent fracture. In this study of older women, VF, identified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) vertebral fracture assessment (VFA), were associated with an increased risk of incident fractures and had a substantial impact on fracture probability, supporting the utility of VFA in clinical practice. Purpose Clinical and occult VF can be identified using VFA with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent VFA-identified VF improve fracture risk prediction, independently of bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors used in FRAX. Methods A total of 2852 women, 75-80 years old, from the prospective population-based study SUPERB cohort, were included in this study. At baseline, BMD was measured by DXA, VF diagnosed by VFA, and questionnaires used to collect data on risk factors for fractures. Incident fractures were captured by X-ray records or by diagnosis codes. An extension of Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between VFA-identified VF and the risk of fracture and the 5- and 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) was calculated from the hazard functions for fracture and death. Results During a median follow-up of 5.15 years (IQR 4.3-5.9 years), the number of women who died or suffered a MOF, clinical VF, or hip fracture was 229, 422, 160, and 124, respectively. A VFA-identified VF was associated with an increased risk of incident MOF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-2.18), clinical VF (HR = 2.88; 95% [CI] 2.11-3.93), and hip fracture (HR = 1.67; 95% [CI] 1.15-2.42), adjusted for age, height, and weight. For women at age 75 years, a VFA-identified VF was associated with 1.2-1.4-fold greater 10-year MOF probability compared with not taking VFA into account, depending on BMD. Conclusion Identifying an occult VF using VFA has a substantial impact on fracture probability, indicating that VFA is an efficient method to improve fracture prediction in older women.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Highly increased risk of fracture in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Leukemia & Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 62:1, s. 211-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk for hip and vertebral fracture was determined in 10,752 patients diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in Sweden 1995-2015. The mean follow-up time were 6.34 years. Five percent developed hip fracture and 1.3% a vertebral fracture. There was a significant increased risk for fracture among the MPN patients compared with the Swedish population. The ratio of observed (obs) and expected (exp) number of hip fracture in all MPN patients, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia and MPN undetermined (MPNu) was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.31), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.19-1.58), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.87-1.19), and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07-1.52), respectively. Corresponding figures for vertebral fractures were 1.94 (95% CI: 1.64-2.29), 2.09 (95% CI: 1.56-2.75), 1.50 (95% CI: 1.06-2.07) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.77-3.35), respectively. Patients with MPN had an increased risk of hip and vertebral fracture, especially patients with PV and MPNu in comparison with the entire Swedish population.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures in 8463 patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation, a Swedish population-based study
- 2024
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Ingår i: OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this retrospective cohort study of adult stem cell transplanted patients (n = 8463), a significant increased risk of both MOF and hip fractures was seen compared with the Swedish population and occurred in mean more than 2 years after stem cell transplantation. Purpose To explore the risk for osteoporotic fracture in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) compared with the Swedish population. Methods The risk of osteoporotic fractures was determined in a retrospective population cohort study of adult (>= 18 years) Swedish patients (n = 8463), who were transplanted with HSCT 1997-2016 and compared with all adults living in Sweden during the same period. Results In the total study group (n = 8463), 90 hip fractures (1.1% both in males and females) and 361 major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) (3.2% in men and 6.0% in women) were identified. In the total study population, the ratio of observed and expected number of hip fracture for women was 1.99 (95% CI 1.39-2.75) and for men 2.54 (95% CI 1.91-3.31). The corresponding ratio for MOF in women was 1.36 (CI 1.18-1.56) and for men 1.61 (CI 1.37-1.88). From 2005 onwards, when differentiation in the registry between allo- and auto-HSCT was possible, the observed number of hip fracture and MOF in allo-HSCT (n = 1865) were significantly increased (observed/expected hip fracture 5.24 (95% CI 3.28-7.93) and observed/expected MOF 2.08 (95% CI 1.63-2.62)). Fractures occurred in mean 2.7 (hip) and 2.5 (MOF) years after allo-HSCT. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was not associated with an increased risk of fracture. Conclusion Patients who underwent HSCT had an increased risk of both hip and major osteoporotic fracture compared with the Swedish population and occurred in 4.3% of patients. GVHD was not statistically significantly associated with fracture risk.
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Lymphoma, a Swedish Population Study of 37,236 Lymphoma Patients.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Calcified tissue international. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0827 .- 0171-967X. ; 106, s. 591-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased bone loss has been noted in lymphoma patients; however, the incidence of hip fracture is not known. The aim of our study was to explore the risk for hip fracture in patients with lymphoma compared with the entire Swedish population. The risk of hip fracture was determined in a retrospective population cohort study of adult Swedish lymphoma patients (n=37,236), diagnosed 1995-2015 and compared with the entire Swedish population during the same period. The incidence of hip fracture in lymphoma patients was higher in women than in men, increased by age, and decreased by calendar year as also demonstrated in the total population. 2.2% of the men and 4.7% of women with lymphoma sustained a hip fracture. For the total group of females, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.19 (95% CI 1.11-1.28) and for men, the hazard ratio was 1.06 (95% CI 0.97-1.17) compared with the Swedish population. The HR for hip fracture (2016) was 2.80 (95% CI 1.20-6.53), 2.04 (95% CI 1.30-3.20), 1.56 (95% CI 1.21-2.01), 1.08 (95% CI 0.89-1.30), and 1.07 (95% CI 0.92-1.25) in females aged 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80years, respectively. Corresponding figures for men were not significant in 2016. Unmarried men with lymphoma had a two times higher risk for hip fracture (HR 2.02 95% CI 1.63-2.50) compared with married men. Patients with lymphoma had an increased risk of hip fracture, especially younger women and unmarried men. The incidence of hip fracture is decreased by calendar year in the lymphoma patients and the entire Swedish population.
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| 26. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Kristjansdottir, Hallgerdur Lind, et al.
(författare)
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High Plasma Erythropoietin Predicts Incident Fractures in Elderly Men with Normal Renal Function : The MrOS Sweden Cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : WILEY. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 35:2, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preclinical studies on the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in bone metabolism are contradictory. Regeneration models indicate an anabolic effect on bone healing, whereas models on physiologic bone remodeling indicate a catabolic effect on bone mass. No human studies on EPO and fracture risk are available. It is known that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) affects bone mineralization and that serum concentration of FGF23 is higher in men with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Recently, a direct association between EPO and FGF23 has been shown. We have explored the potential association between EPO and bone mineral density (BMD), fracture risk, and FGF23 in humans. Plasma levels of EPO were analyzed in 999 men (aged 69 to 81 years), participating in the Gothenburg part of the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, MrOS Sweden. The mean +/- SD EPO was 11.5 +/- 9.0 IU/L. Results were stratified by eGFR 60 mL/min. For men with eGFR >= 60 mL/min (n = 728), EPO was associated with age (r = 0.13, p < 0.001), total hip BMD (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), intact (i)FGF23 (r = 0.11, p = 0.004), and osteocalcin (r = -0.09, p = 0.022). The association between total hip BMD and EPO was independent of age, body mass index (BMI), iFGF23, and hemoglobin (beta = 0.019, p < 0.001). During the 10-year follow-up, 164 men had an X-ray-verified fracture, including 117 major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), 39 hip fractures, and 64 vertebral fractures. High EPO was associated with higher risk for incident fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43 per tertile EPO, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.63), MOF (HR = 1.40 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.08-1.82), and vertebral fractures (HR = 1.42 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.00-2.01) in a fully adjusted Cox regression model. In men with eGFR<60 mL/min, no association was found between EPO and BMD or fracture risk. We here demonstrate that high levels of EPO are associated with increased fracture risk and increased BMD in elderly men with normal renal function.
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| 28. |
- Larsson, B. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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The timed up and go test predicts fracture risk in older women independently of clinical risk factors and bone mineral density
- 2021
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : SPRINGER LONDON LTD. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 32, s. 75-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The timed up and go (TUG) test measures physical performance and predicts falls in the elderly. In older women, TUG time predicts the risk of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture independently of clinical risk factors and bone mineral density, and has a substantial impact on fracture probabilities. Introduction The timed up and go (TUG) test measures physical performance and predicts falls in the elderly. A slow TUG has been associated with an increased fracture risk, but it is unclear whether the association is independent of clinical risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to investigate if TUG time was associated with fracture risk independently of clinical risk factors and BMD and to determine its impact on fracture probabilities in older women. Methods A standardized questionnaire was used to assess information regarding clinical risk factors in the large population-based SUPERB study of 3028 older women (75-80 years). At baseline, the TUG test was performed and BMD measured with DXA. The association between TUG time and the risk of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) was examined using an extension of Poisson regression. Results Fracture incidence increased steeply with increasing TUG time up to 12 s and subsequently started to level off. A slow TUG time was therefore defined as TUG > 12 s, a cutoff level then used in Cox models to study the association between slow TUG and fracture risk. A slow TUG time was associated with an increased risk of fracture (MOF 2.39 [1.80-3.18] and hip fracture 2.96 [1.62-5.40]). These associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for clinical risk factors and femoral neck BMD. Depending on BMD, the 4-year fracture probability of MOF increased by a factor of 1.5-1.9 in a 75-year-old woman with slow TUG (> 12 s). Conclusion The TUG time predicts the risk of MOF and hip fracture independently of clinical risk factors and BMD and has a substantial impact on fracture probabilities, indicating that inclusion of the TUG test in patient evaluation should be considered in order to improve fracture prediction in older women.
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| 29. |
- Larsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish survey of occupational therapists' involvement and performance in driving assessments
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 14:4, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which occupational therapists (OTs) are involved in driving assessments in Sweden and how these assessments are performed. A questionnaire was sent to 154 geriatric, rehabilitation, and neurological clinics, and additionally directly to 19 OTs who had purchased a test battery specifically used for driving assessments. The response rate was 60%. Of those responding, 57% reported being involved in fitness-to-drive assessments. However, such assessments were carried out in various manners and diverse methods were used, ranging from unstandardized activity assessments to a test developed specifically for driving assessments. Only 19% used on-road driving tests as a complement to the clinical assessments. Apart from the lack of appropriate methods, the respondents said that they did not have sufficient knowledge to perform driving assessments and expressed a need for further education. In the future it seems necessary for OTs in Sweden to undergo specialized training and perform the assessments on a regular basis to maintain a high level of competence as driving assessors.
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| 30. |
- Lind, Martin I., Dr, et al.
(författare)
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Gene flow and selection on phenotypic plasticity in an island system of rana temporaria
- 2011
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Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 65:3, s. 684-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene flow is often considered to be one of the main factors that constrains local adaptation in a heterogeneous environment. However, gene flow may also lead to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. We investigated the effect of gene flow on local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in development time in island populations of the common frog Rana temporaria which breed in pools that differ in drying regimes. This was done by investigating associations between traits (measured in a common garden experiment) and selective factors (pool drying regimes and gene flow from other populations inhabiting different environments) by regression analyses and by comparing pairwise F(ST) values (obtained from microsatellite analyses) with pairwise Q(ST) values. We found that the degree of phenotypic plasticity was positively correlated with gene flow from other populations inhabiting different environments (among-island environmental heterogeneity), as well as with local environmental heterogeneity within each population. Furthermore, local adaptation, manifested in the correlation between development time and the degree of pool drying on the islands, appears to have been caused by divergent selection pressures. The local adaptation in development time and phenotypic plasticity is quite remarkable, because the populations are young (less than 300 generations) and substantial gene flow is present among islands.
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