| 1381. |
- Mourad, Ghassan, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with non-cardiac chest pain: -a pilot randomized controlled study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Abstract book. - : Sage Publications. ; , s. S44-S44
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Patients with recurrent episodes of non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) suffer from cardiac anxiety as they misinterpret the pain as being cardiac-related and avoid physical activity that they think could threaten their life. This could lead to increased healthcare utilization and costs. These patients might benefit from help and support to evaluate the perception and management of their chest pain. Objective: To test the feasibility of a short guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural intervention and the effects on chest pain, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations and depressive symptoms in patients with NCCP compared to usual care.Methods: A pilot randomized controlled study was conducted. Fifteen patients, 9 men and 6 women between the age of 22 and 76 (median age of 66 years, q1-q3 57-73) were randomly assigned to either intervention (n=7) or control (n=8) group. Patients had recurrent NCCP and suffered from cardiac anxiety or fear of body sensations. The intervention consisted of a 4-session guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program containing psychoeducation, exposure to physical activity, and relaxation. The control group received usual care. All patients completed a web-based questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, chest pain frequency, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations, and depressive symptoms. Results: Five out of the 7 patients in the intervention group completed all sessions as planned and two completed only parts of the program. The program was perceived as user-friendly with comprehensible language, adequate and varied content, and manageable homework assignments. The patients were engaged in the program for about 45-60 minutes per day and about 22 minutes’ therapist time was required to guide, support and give feedback to each patient throughout the program. Participating in the program empowered and motivated many of the patients to be active and complete the program. In general, patients in both the intervention and control groups improved with regard to chest pain frequency, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations, and depressive symptoms, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: A short guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program was feasible. Patients in both the intervention and control groups improved with regard to chest pain frequency, cardiac anxiety, fear of body sensations, and depressive symptoms, but no significant differences were found between the groups. Patients should be followed-up for longer periods to measure the long-term effects of the intervention.
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| 1382. |
- Moverare, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Thermomechanical Fatigue of Single-Crystal Superalloys : Influence of Composition and Microstructure
- 2012
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Ingår i: Superalloys 2012. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society. - 9780470943205 - 9781118516430 ; , s. 369-377
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behaviour of a new high Cr-containing single crystal superalloy, known as STAL-15, is investigated. This is a candidate alloy for future industrial gas turbine (IGT) applications. TMF involves complex interactions between high and low temperature deformation mechanism, and this study highlights important factors controlling their interrelationship. Emphasis is placed particularly on the microslructural aspects which control deformation. It is demonstrated that the TMF performance of the new alloy is comparable to that of a second generation alloy such as CMSX-4, despite the absence of Re alloying. An addition of 0.25wt% Si significantly improves the resistance to TMF further; this is attributed to a greater resistance to recrystallization and cracking along the deformation bands that develops across the cross section of the specimen during testing. The TMF resistance increases with increasing primary γ′ size, but the degree of solutioning of the γ′ phase caused by the solution heat treatment seems to have no significant effect.
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| 1383. |
- Muneer, Faraz, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of pH Modification on Protein Polymerization and Structure-Function Relationships in Potato Protein and Wheat Gluten Composites
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat gluten (WG) and potato protein (PP) were modified to a basic pH by NaOH to impact macromolecular and structural properties. Films were processed by compression molding (at 130 and 150 degrees C) of WG, PP, their chemically modified versions (MWG, MPP) and of their blends in different ratios to study the impact of chemical modification on structure, processing and tensile properties. The modification changed the molecular and secondary structure of both protein powders, through unfolding and re-polymerization, resulting in less cross-linked proteins. The beta-sheet formation due to NaOH modification increased for WG and decreased for PP. Processing resulted in cross-linking of the proteins, shown by a decrease in extractability; to a higher degree for WG than for PP, despite higher beta-sheet content in PP. Compression molding of MPP resulted in an increase in protein cross-linking and improved maximum stress and extensibility as compared to PP at 130 degrees C. The highest degree of cross-linking with improved maximum stress and extensibility was found for WG/MPP blends compared to WG/PP and MWG/MPP at 130 degrees C. To conclude, chemical modification of PP changed the protein structures produced under harsh industrial conditions and made the protein more reactive and attractive for use in bio-based materials processing, no such positive gains were seen for WG.
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| 1384. |
- Muneer, Faraz, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of newly produced protein and dietary fiber rich fractions of yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) on the structure and mechanical properties of pasta-like sheets
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier. - 0963-9969 .- 1873-7145. ; 106, s. 607-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two fractions from pea (Pisum sativum L.), protein isolate (PPI) and dietary fiber (PF), were newly produced by extraction-fractionation method and characterized in terms of particle size distribution and structural morphology using SEM. The newly produced PPI and PF fractions were processed into pasta-like sheets with varying protein to fiber ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 50/50, respectively) using high temperature compression molding. We studied protein polymerization, molecular structure and protein-fiber interactions, as well as mechanical performance and cooking characteristics of processed PPI-PF blends. Bi-modal particle size distribution and chemical composition of the PPI and PF fractions influenced significantly the physicochemical properties of the pasta-like sheets. Polymerization was most pronounced for the 100 PPI, 90/10 and 80/20 PPI-PF samples as studied by SE-HPLC, and polymerization decreased with addition of the PF fraction. The mechanical properties, as strength and extensibility, were likewise the highest for the 100 PPI and 90/10 PPI-PF blends, while the E-modulus was similar for all the studied blends (around 38 MPa). The extensibility decreased with the increasing amount of PF in the blend. The highest amounts of beta-sheets were found in the pasta-like sheets with high amounts of PPI (100, 90 and 80%), by FT-IR. An increase in PF fraction in the blend, resulted into the high amounts of unordered structures as observed by FT-IR, as well as in an increase in the molecular scattering distances observed by SAXS. The water uptake increased and cooking loss decreased with increased proportions of the PF fraction, and the consistency of 10 min cooked pasta-like sheets were alike al dente texture. The new knowledge obtained in this study on the use of extraction-fractionation method to produce novel PPI and PF fractions for developing innovative high nutritious food can be of a great importance. The obtained knowledge on the pea protein and fiber processing behaviour could greatly contribute to a better control of functional properties of various temperature-processed products from yellow pea.
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| 1385. |
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| 1386. |
- Murén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Rescue and characterization of episomally replicating DNA from the moss Physcomitrella
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:46, s. 19444-19449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The moss Physcomitrella is unique among plants in that it permits efficient gene targeting by homologous recombination. Furthermore, transformed DNA can replicate episomally in Physcomitrella. Here we show that episomally replicating DNA can berescued back into E. coli, and use such rescue to study the fate of the transformed DNA. Significantly, plasmids rescued from moss transformed with circular DNA are identical to the original plasmid, whereas plasmids rescued from moss transformed with linearized DNA frequently have deletions created by direct repeat recombination.These events are highly predictable in that they target the longest direct repeat on the plasmid, if this repeat is at least 12 bp. Episomal transformants obtained with linearized DNA show a more than 1000-fold amplification of the DNA whereas transformants obtained with circular DNA have much lower copy numbers. Most episomal transformants quickly lose the plasmid in the absence of selection, but a semi-stable type of transformant that loses the plasmid at a much lower frequency was also observed. The consistent rescue of the original plasmid, or of predictable derivatives thereof, suggests that molecular genetics methods which rely on shuttle plasmids are feasible in Physcomitrella
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| 1387. |
- Månsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are often depressed or anxious--a case control study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530. ; 33:8, s. 1132-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hyperandrogenic endocrine disorder affecting women of fertile age. The aim of this study was to survey whether the rate of clinical psychiatric disorders in PCOS differs from the normal population. METHOD: Women with PCOS (n=49) meeting the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS, and 49 age-matched controls identified from the population registry, were recruited. Trained clinicians used the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to establish lifetime occurrence of Axis I DSM diagnoses. Serum-testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin were analyzed. RESULTS: Women with PCOS had higher lifetime incidence of depressive episodes, social phobia, and eating disorders than controls. Suicide attempts were seven times more common in the PCOS group than in the controls. Current as well as lifetime use of antidepressants and anxiolytic drugs were more common in the PCOS group. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have found that PCOS is associated with decreased quality of life and self-rated mental symptoms. This study demonstrates that PCOS is also linked to psychiatric syndromes as verified by structured clinical assessments. The clinical implication of this study is that clinicians treating women with PCOS should be aware that these women are a high risk group for common affective and anxiety disorders as well as suicide attempts.
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| 1388. |
- Mårtensson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 63:1, s. 240-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of adult foreign-language acquisition on human brain organization is poorly understood. We studied cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes of conscript interpreters before and after three months of intense language studies. Results revealed increases in hippocampus volume and in cortical thickness of the left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for interpreters relative to controls. The right hippocampus and the left superior temporal gyrus were structurally more malleable in interpreters acquiring higher proficiency in the foreign language. Interpreters struggling relatively more to master the language displayed larger gray matter increases in the middle frontal gyrus. These findings confirm structural changes in brain regions known to serve language functions during foreign-language acquisition.
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| 1389. |
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| 1390. |
- Mårtensson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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White matter microstructure predicts foreign language learning in army interpreters
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bilingualism. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1366-7289 .- 1469-1841. ; 23:4, s. 763-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult foreign language acquisition is challenging, and the degree of success varies among individuals. Anatomical differences in brain structure prior to training can partly explain why some learn more than others. We followed a sample of conscript interpreters undergoing intense language training to study learning-related changes in white-matter microstructure (FA, MD, RD and AD) and associations between differences in brain structure prior to training with acquired language proficiency. No evidence for changes in white matter microstructure relative to a control group was found. Starting values of RD, AD and MD were positively related to final test scores of language proficiency, corroborating earlier findings in the field and highlighting the need for further study of how initial brain structure influences and interacts with learning outcomes.
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