| 791. |
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| 792. |
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| 793. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Students’ Motivation and SES on the Equality of Teacher Ratings
- 2010
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Ingår i: The European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), August 25-27, Helsinki, Finland..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine if the students’ reading motivation and students’ socio economic status (SES) will affect teacher ratings on students’ reading abilities. In PIRLS 2001, Swedish teachers rated each student on a number of statements regarding the students’ reading and writing abilities on a scale ranging from 1-10. The statements originated from criterions in the Swedish curricula. The data was modelled through a two-level structural equation model, were both students individual characteristics and teacher characteristics could be examined. In the initial step of the analyses, teachers’ ratings were predicted by the students’ test results. The next step, student motivation and SES were introduced to test whether these covariates have any influence on the teacher ratings, given that students with different characteristics perform at an equal level on the PIRLS test. This question relates to equity and equality and the first results indicate that teachers rate highly motivated students at a higher level, even though they perform at the same achievement level in the PIRLS test.
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| 794. |
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| 795. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1975-
(författare)
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Tools for Control System Design : Stratification of Matrix Pairs and Periodic Riccati Differential Equation Solvers
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern control theory is today an interdisciplinary area of research. Just as much as this can be problematic, it also provides a rich research environment where practice and theory meet. This Thesis is conducted in the borderline between computing science (numerical analysis) and applied control theory. The design and analysis of a modern control system is a complex problem that requires high qualitative software to accomplish. Ideally, such software should be based on robust methods and numerical stable algorithms that provide quantitative as well as qualitative information. The introduction of the Thesis is dedicated to the underlying control theory and to introduce the reader to the main subjects. Throughout the Thesis, the theory is illustrated with several examples, and similarities and differences between the terminology from mathematics, systems and control theory, and numerical linear algebra are highlighted. The main contributions of the Thesis are structured in two parts, dealing with two mainly unrelated subjects. Part I is devoted to the qualitative information which is provided by the stratification of orbits and bundles of matrices, matrix pencils and system pencils. Before the theory of stratification is established the reader is introduced to different canonical forms which reveal the system characteristics of the model under investigation. A stratification reveals which canonical structures of matrix (system) pencils are near each other in the sense of small perturbations of the data. Fundamental concepts in systems and control, like controllability and observability of linear continuous-time systems, are considered and it is shown how these system characteristics can be investigated using the stratification theory. New results are presented in the form of the cover relations (nearest neighbours) for controllability and observability pairs. Moreover, the permutation matrices which take a matrix pencil in the Kronecker canonical form to the corresponding system pencil in (generalized) Brunovsky canonical form are derived. Two novel algorithms for determining the permutation matrices are provided. Part II deals with numerical methods for solving periodic Riccati differential equations (PRDE:s). The PRDE:s under investigation arise when solving the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem for periodic linear time-varying (LTV) systems. These types of (periodic) LQR problems turn up for example in motion planning of underactuated mechanical systems, like a humanoid robot, the Furuta pendulum, and pendulums on carts. The constructions of the nonlinear controllers are based on linear versions found by stabilizing transverse dynamics of the systems along cycles. Three different methods explicitly designed for solving the PRDE are evaluated on both artificial systems and stabilizing problems originating from experimental control systems. The methods are the one-shot generator method and two recently proposed methods: the multi-shot method (two variants) and the SDP method. As these methods use different approaches to solve the PRDE, their numerical behavior and performance are dependent on the nature of the underlying control problem. Such method characteristics are investigated and summarized with respect to different user requirements (the need for accuracy and possible restrictions on the solution time).
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| 796. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-
(författare)
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Towards a framework to understand mental and cognitive accessibility in a digital context
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This digitalization has in many ways contributed to greater inclusion but access to the digital community is not evenly distributed in the population, and we can see that groups of citizens do not feel involved in the transition to a digitalized society, or are not involved as much as they would actually like.The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how designers and developers to a greater extent can be able to take account of accessibility requirements for people with mental and cognitive impairments. The discussion is based on the study “Pilot study on accessibility of electronic communications for persons with mental disabilities”, literature reviews and my experience from almost 25 years of work in the field.The design and development processes I primarily want to highlight are those that produce digital products and services in what we call the mainstream. Mainstream is the society in which we act as citizens have rights and duties, and where we should be able to realize our dreams, wishes and needs, where we find friends, family, education, livelihood and meaningfulness in the activities and the tasks we perform.The persons who participated in the study describe situations where:Design and development processes often fail to meet the need for cognitive simplicity.Many in themselves relatively simple functions, processes and activities can, used together create new and unknown difficulties.Support processes malfunction.Knowledge of user requirements is missing or does not reach out to the people and the processes where this knowledge would be useful.The people also describes that they are never involved in the design- and development processes, and that the knowledge and experience they possess is not being utilized.There is a need for a transfer of knowledge from the areas that produce knowledge today (rehabilitation, assistive technology, special solutions) to the mainstream. There is a need to explore and describe the knowledge and experience persons with mental and cognitive disabilities possesses. There is a need to work closely with persons who have mental and cognitive disabilities directly in mainstream-solutions in order to improve the digital society. Methods seem to be further developed on how to do this cooperation, in research, in innovation and in ordinary societal processes.The thesis presents a proposed framework for the design and development processes to be able to meet accessibility requirements for persons with mental and cognitive disabilities.
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| 797. |
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| 798. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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University Credits as a Measure of Teachers' Pre-service and In-service Training : A Longitudinal Approach Using Swedish Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we accessed information about the university credits of all teachers born after 1971 in Sweden as a means of ascertaining the development of their subject knowledge. We examined the university credits they earned during pre-service and in-service training. Data comes from registers Gothenburg Educational Longitudinal Database (GOLD) and the teacher register. We linked GOLD to the teacher register in order to describe the knowledge development of teachers in compulsory school 1998–2014. Special focus was on Swedish language and mathematics. Multiple regression and multilevel growth modeling were used as our main methods. Results show an increase in pre-service credits during the time period and more credits in Swedish language than in mathematics. To analyze teachers’ in-service training, we followed the development of their university credits over time. Teachers with higher prerequisites in terms of grade point average tended to gain more credits in-service. The study included discussions on ideas and the implications for future research.
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| 799. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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User participation when users have mental and cognitive disabilities
- 2015
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Ingår i: SSETS 2015 - Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. - New York, New York, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450334006 ; , s. 69-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persons with cognitive or mental disabilities have difficulties participating in or are excluded from IT development and assessments exercises due to the problems finding good ways to efficiently collaborate on equal terms. In this paper we describe how we worked closely together with persons that have mental and cognitive disabilities in order to test and develop methods for participation in assessments and in processes for developing, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services. More than 100 persons with mental and cognitive disabilities participated in the study (people with diagnoses such as depression, anxiety disorder, bipolarity, and schizophrenia). To explore the conditions for a more equal and fair participation we have developed and elaborated a set of methods, tools and approaches. By combining scientific research methods with well-established methods for empowerment and participation we have developed methods that are cost effective and that easily can be incorporated in existing processes. We believe that our approach have taken steps to implement possibilities for persons with mental and cognitive disabilities to take part where user participation is needed in order not to discriminate or exclude but also to improve the overall quality of the end result. The results clearly show that it is possible to include persons with mental and cognitive disabilities. A mixed method -- mixed tool approach can increase the possibility for participation. The results also show that the quality of the analysis phase increases if the collaborative approach is extended to also embrace the data analysis phase.
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| 800. |
- Johansson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Using the electric field approach in the RoboCup domain
- 2002
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Ingår i: RoboCup 2001. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783540439127 ; , s. 117-138
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In autonomous robotics, so-called artificial potential fields are often used to plan and control the motion of a physical robot. In this paper, we propose to use an artificial electric field to address the problem or real time action selection in embodied, autonomous agents. We attach positive and negative electric charges to the relevant objects in the agent's domain, and use the resulting electric field to estimate the heuristic value of a given configuration. This value is used to select the action that results in the best configuration. This allows us to consider in the same framework both navigation and manipulation actions. We apply the electric field approach in the RoboCup domain, and present results drawn from our experience in the Sony legged robots league
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