| 1661. |
- Lerche, E., et al.
(författare)
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ICRF scenarios for ITER's half-field phase
- 2011
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Ingår i: AIP Conf. Proc.. - : AIP. - 9780735409781 ; , s. 245-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-active operation phase of ITER will be done in H and 4He plasmas at half the nominal magnetic field, B 0=2.65T. At this field and for the given frequency range of the ICRF system (f=40-55MHz), three ICRF heating scenarios are available a priori: (i) Fundamental ICRH of majority H plasmas at f≈40MHz, (ii) second harmonic (N=2) 3He ICRH in H plasmas at f≈53MHz and (iii) fundamental minority H heating in 4He plasmas at f≈40MHz. While the latter is expected to perform well for not too large H concentrations, the heating scenarios available for the Hydrogen plasmas are less robust. Recent JET experiments performed in similar conditions to those expected in ITER's half-field phase confirmed the low performance of these two scenarios and numerical simulations have shown that the situation is not much improved in ITER, mainly because of the rather modest plasma temperature and density expected in its initial operation phase. A summary of the main experimental results obtained at JET followed by numerical predictions for ITER's half-field ICRF heating scenarios will be presented.
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| 1662. |
- Li, Ni L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Predisposition to Multiple Myeloma at 5q15 Is Mediated by an ELL2 Enhancer Polymorphism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 20:11, s. 2556-2564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells. Genome-wide association studies have shown that variation at 5q15 influences MM risk. Here, we have sought to decipher the causal variant at 5q15 and the mechanism by which it influences tumorigenesis. We show that rs6877329 G > C resides in a predicted enhancer element that physically interacts with the transcription start site of ELL2. The rs6877329-C risk allele is associated with reduced enhancer activity and lowered ELL2 expression. Since ELL2 is critical to the B cell differentiation process, reduced ELL2 expression is consistent with inherited genetic variation contributing to arrest of plasma cell development, facilitating MM clonal expansion. These data provide evidence for a biological mechanism underlying a hereditary risk of MM at 5q15.
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| 1663. |
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| 1664. |
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| 1665. |
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| 1666. |
- Lopes, Ricardo J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Basis for Red Coloration in Birds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 26:11, s. 1427-1434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yellow and red feather pigmentation of many bird species [1] plays pivotal roles in social signaling and mate choice [2, 3]. To produce red pigments, birds ingest yellow carotenoids and endogenously convert them into red ketocarotenoids via an oxidation reaction catalyzed by a previously unknown ketolase [4-6]. We investigated the genetic basis for red coloration in birds using whole-genome sequencing of red siskins (Spinus cucullata), common canaries (Serinus canaria), and "red factor" canaries, which are the hybrid product of crossing red siskins with common canaries [7]. We identified two genomic regions introgressed from red siskins into red factor canaries that are required for red coloration. One of these regions contains a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP2J19. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates that CYP2J19 is significantly upregulated in the skin and liver of red factor canaries, strongly implicating CYP2J19 as the ketolase that mediates red coloration in birds. Interestingly, a second introgressed region required for red feathers resides within the epidermal differentiation complex, a cluster of genes involved in development of the integument. Lastly, we present evidence that CYP2J19 is involved in ketocarotenoid formation in the retina. The discovery of the carotenoid ketolase has important implications for understanding sensory function and signaling mediated by carotenoid pigmentation.
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| 1667. |
- Lönnroth, J. -S, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated ELM modelling
- 2006
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Ingår i: Contributions to Plasma Physics. - : Wiley. - 0863-1042 .- 1521-3986. ; 46:7-9, s. 726-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a short overview of current trends and progress in integrated ELM modelling. First, the concept of integrated ELM modelling is introduced, various interpretations of it are given and the need for it is discussed. Then follows an overview of different techniques and methods used in integrated ELM modelling presented roughly according to physics approached in use and in order of increasing complexity. The paper concludes with a short discussion of open issues and future modelling requirements within the field of integrated ELM modelling.
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| 1668. |
- Malhotra, Rajeev, et al.
(författare)
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HDAC9 is implicated in atherosclerotic aortic calcification and affects vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:11, s. 1580-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aortic calcification is an important independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis to determine SNPs associated with the extent of abdominal aortic calcification (n = 9,417) or descending thoracic aortic calcification (n = 8,422). Two genetic loci, HDAC9 and RAP1GAP, were associated with abdominal aortic calcification at a genome-wide level (P < 5.0 × 10−8). No SNPs were associated with thoracic aortic calcification at the genome-wide threshold. Increased expression of HDAC9 in human aortic smooth muscle cells promoted calcification and reduced contractility, while inhibition of HDAC9 in human aortic smooth muscle cells inhibited calcification and enhanced cell contractility. In matrix Gla protein–deficient mice, a model of human vascular calcification, mice lacking HDAC9 had a 40% reduction in aortic calcification and improved survival. This translational genomic study identifies the first genetic risk locus associated with calcification of the abdominal aorta and describes a previously unknown role for HDAC9 in the development of vascular calcification.
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| 1669. |
- Mattsson-Carlgren, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Using Plasma Biomarkers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jama Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149. ; 80:4, s. 360-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology starts with a prolonged phase of beta-amyloid (A beta) accumulation without symptoms. The duration of this phase differs greatly among individuals. While this disease phase has high relevance for clinical trial designs, it is currently unclear how to best predict the onset of clinical progression.OBJECTIVE To evaluate combinations of different plasma biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline in A beta-positive cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective population-based prognostic study evaluated data from 2 prospective longitudinal cohort studies (the Swedish BioFINDER-1 and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer Prevention [WRAP]), with data collected from February 8, 2010, to October 21, 2020, for the BioFINDER-1 cohort and from August 11, 2011, to June 27, 2021, for the WRAP cohort. Participants were CU individuals recruited from memory clinics who had brain A beta pathology defined by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A beta 42/40 in the BioFINDER-1 study and by Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) in the WRAP study. A total of 564 eligible A beta-positive and A beta-negative CU participants with available relevant data from the BioFINDER-1 and WRAP cohorts were included in the study; of those, 171 A beta-positive participants were included in the main analyses.EXPOSURES Baseline P-tau181, P-tau217, P-tau231, glial fibrillary filament protein, and neurofilament light measured in plasma; CSF biomarkers in the BioFINDER-1 cohort, and PiB PET uptake in the WRAP cohort.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was longitudinal measures of cognition (using the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and the modified Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite [mPACC]) over a median of 6 years (range, 2-10 years). The secondary outcome was conversion to AD dementia. Baseline biomarkers were used in linear regression models to predict rates of longitudinal cognitive change (calculated separately). Models were adjusted for age, sex, years of education, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele status, and baseline cognition. Multivariable models were compared based on model R-2 coefficients and corrected Akaike information criterion.RESULTS Among 171 A beta-positive CU participants included in the main analyses, 119 (mean [SD] age, 73.0 [5.4] years; 60.5% female) were from the BioFINDER-1 study, and 52 (mean [SD] age, 64.4 [4.6] years; 65.4% female) were from the WRAP study. In the BioFINDER-1 cohort, plasma P-tau217 was the best marker to predict cognitive decline in the mPACC (model R-2 = 0.41) and the MMSE (model R-2 = 0.34) and was superior to the covariates-only models (mPACC: R-2 = 0.23; MMSE: R-2 = 0.04; P < .001 for both comparisons). Results were validated in the WRAP cohort; for example, plasma P-tau217 was associated with mPACC slopes (R-2 = 0.13 vs 0.01 in the covariates-only model; P = .01) and MMSE slopes (R-2 = 0.29 vs 0.24 in the covariates-only model; P = .046). Sparse models were identified with plasma P-tau217 as a predictor of cognitive decline. Power calculations for enrichment in hypothetical clinical trials revealed large relative reductions in sample sizes when using plasma P-tau217 to enrich for CU individuals likely to experience cognitive decline over time.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, plasma P-tau217 predicted cognitive decline in patients with preclinical AD. These findings suggest that plasma P-tau217 may be used as a complement to CSF or PET for participant selection in clinical trials of novel disease-modifying treatments.
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| 1670. |
- McBride, D. A., et al.
(författare)
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Immunomodulatory Microparticles Epigenetically Modulate T Cells and Systemically Ameliorate Autoimmune Arthritis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have improved the prognosis of autoimmune inflammatory arthritides but a large fraction of patients display partial or nonresponsiveness to front-line DMARDs. Here, an immunoregulatory approach based on sustained joint-localized release of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which modulates local immune activation and enhances disease-protective T cells and leads to systemic disease control is reported. ATRA imprints a unique chromatin landscape in T cells, which is associated with an enhancement in the differentiation of naive T cells into anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (T-reg) and suppression of T-reg destabilization. Sustained release poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based biodegradable microparticles encapsulating ATRA (PLGA-ATRA MP) are retained in arthritic mouse joints after intra-articular (IA) injection. IA PLGA-ATRA MP enhance migratory T-reg which in turn reduce inflammation and modify disease in injected and uninjected joints, a phenotype that is also reproduced by IA injection of T-reg. PLGA-ATRA MP reduce proteoglycan loss and bone erosions in the SKG and collagen-induced arthritis mouse models of autoimmune arthritis. Strikingly, systemic disease modulation by PLGA-ATRA MP is not associated with generalized immune suppression. PLGA-ATRA MP have the potential to be developed as a disease modifying agent for autoimmune arthritis.
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