| 2631. |
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| 2632. |
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| 2633. |
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| 2634. |
- Rohde, Mitchell M., et al.
(author)
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An Interactive, physics-based unmanned ground vehicle simulator leveraging open source gaming technology : Progress in the development and application of the virtual autonomous navigation environment (VANE) desktop
- 2009
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In: Unmanned Systems Technology XI. - Bellingham, WA : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819475985 ; , s. Article number 73321C-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is widely recognized that simulation is pivotal to vehicle development, whether manned or unmanned. There are few dedicated choices, however, for those wishing to perform realistic, end-to-end simulations of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE), under development by US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), provides such capabilities but utilizes a High Performance Computing (HPC) Computational Testbed (CTB) and is not intended for on-line, real-time performance. A product of the VANE HPC research is a real-time desktop simulation application under development by the authors that provides a portal into the HPC environment as well as interaction with wider-scope semi-automated force simulations (e.g. OneSAF). This VANE desktop application, dubbed the Autonomous Navigation Virtual Environment Laboratory (ANVEL), enables analysis and testing of autonomous vehicle dynamics and terrain/obstacle interaction in real-time with the capability to interact within the HPC constructive geo-environmental CTB for high fidelity sensor evaluations. ANVEL leverages rigorous physics-based vehicle and vehicle-terrain interaction models in conjunction with high-quality, multimedia visualization techniques to form an intuitive, accurate engineering tool. The system provides an adaptable and customizable simulation platform that allows developers a controlled, repeatable testbed for advanced simulations. ANVEL leverages several key technologies not common to traditional engineering simulators, including techniques from the commercial video-game industry. These enable ANVEL to run on inexpensive commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. In this paper, the authors d escribe key aspects of ANVEL and its development, as well as several initial applications of the system. © 2009 SPIE.
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| 2635. |
- Ronkainen, Jukka, et al.
(author)
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Duodenal eosinophilia and the link to anxiety : A population-based endoscopic study
- 2021
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In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 33:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The concept of gut-to-brain communication via microbial or inflammatory pathways is gaining increased attention but genuine pathology directly linking gut perturbation to anxiety is lacking. We hypothesized that duodenal eosinophilia, as known to occur in functional dyspepsia (FD), may be an underlying cause of anxiety and may help explain the striking association between FD and anxiety.Methods: Randomly selected subjects from the national population register of Sweden completed the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire; 1000 completed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 1(st) (D1) and 2(nd) portion (D2). Eligible subjects who underwent endoscopy (n = 887) were invited to participate in a 10-year follow-up study with the same questionnaires. Among endoscopy normal subjects, FD was identified by Rome criteria, and controls were symptom free. Duodenal eosinophilia was based on pre-defined cut-offs. Finding are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval and p-value.Results: The study population comprised 89 cases with FD and 124 healthy controls (mean age 62 years, SD 12, 34% male). Clinical anxiety at follow-up was elevated in those with D1 eosinophilia at baseline considering either new-onset anxiety (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 0.8, 23.8; p = 0.08) or follow-up anxiety adjusting for baseline anxiety (OR = 4.51 (95% CI 1.03, 19.81; p = 0.046).Conclusion: Duodenal eosinophilia may potentially be a mechanism linked to anxiety independent of FD.
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| 2636. |
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| 2637. |
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| 2638. |
- Rosmarin, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Genetic Markers of Toxicity From Capecitabine and Other Fluorouracil-Based Regimens : Investigation in the QUASAR2 Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
- 2014
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In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 32:10, s. 1031-1039
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Fluourouracil (FU) is a mainstay of chemotherapy, although toxicities are common. Genetic biomarkers have been used to predict these adverse events, but their utility is uncertain.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We tested candidate polymorphisms identified from a systematic literature search for associations with capecitabine toxicity in 927 patients with colorectal cancer in the Quick and Simple and Reliable trial (QUASAR2). We then performed meta-analysis of QUASAR2 and 16 published studies (n = 4,855 patients) to examine the polymorphisms in various FU monotherapy and combination therapy regimens.RESULTS: Global capecitabine toxicity (grades 0/1/2 v grades 3/4/5) was associated with the rare, functional DPYD alleles 2846T>A and *2A (combined odds ratio, 5.51; P = .0013) and with the common TYMS polymorphisms 5'VNTR2R/3R and 3'UTR 6bp ins-del (combined odds ratio, 1.31; P = 9.4 × 10(-6)). There was weaker evidence that these polymorphisms predict toxicity from bolus and infusional FU monotherapy. No good evidence of association with toxicity was found for the remaining polymorphisms, including several currently included in predictive kits. No polymorphisms were associated with toxicity in combination regimens.CONCLUSION: A panel of genetic biomarkers for capecitabine monotherapy toxicity would currently comprise only the four DPYD and TYMS variants above. We estimate this test could provide 26% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 49% positive predictive value-better than most available commercial kits, but suboptimal for clinical use. The test panel might be extended to include additional, rare DPYD variants functionally equivalent to *2A and 2846A, though insufficient evidence supports its use in bolus, infusional, or combination FU. There remains a need to identify further markers of FU toxicity for all regimens.
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| 2639. |
- Roth, Florian, et al.
(author)
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Nutrient pollution enhances productivity and framework dissolution in algae- but not in coral-dominated reef communities
- 2021
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In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ecosystem services provided by coral reefs may be susceptible to the combined effects of benthic species shifts and anthropogenic nutrient pollution, but related field studies are scarce. We thus investigated in situ how dissolved inorganic nutrient enrichment, maintained for two months, affected community-wide biogeochemical functions of intact coral- and degraded algae-dominated reef patches in the central Red Sea. Results from benthic chamber incubations revealed 87% increased gross productivity and a shift from net calcification to dissolution in algae-dominated communities after nutrient enrichment, but the same processes were unaffected by nutrients in neighboring coral communities. Both community types changed from net dissolved organic nitrogen sinks to sources, but the increase in net release was 56% higher in algae-dominated communities. Nutrient pollution may, thus, amplify the effects of community shifts on key ecosystem services of coral reefs, possibly leading to a loss of structurally complex habitats with carbonate dissolution and altered nutrient recycling.
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| 2640. |
- Rothacker, K. M., et al.
(author)
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Acute hyperglycaemia does not have a consistent adverse effect on exercise performance in recreationally active young people with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover in-clinic study
- 2021
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 64:8, s. 1737-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis In individuals with type 1 diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia impairs aerobic fitness. However, the effect of acute marked hyperglycaemia on aerobic fitness is unclear, and the impact of insulin level has not been examined. In this study, we explored if acute hyperglycaemia with higher or low insulin levels affects (V) over dotO(2peak) and other exercise performance indicators in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods Eligible participants were aged 14 to 30 years, with complication-free, type 1 diabetes and HbA(1c) <= 75 mmol/mol (<= 9%). Participants exercised in a clinical laboratory under three clamp (constant insulin, variable glucose infusion) conditions: euglycaemia (5mmol/l) with 20mU [m(2) BSA](-1) min(-1) insulin (where BSA is body surface area) (Eu20); hyperglycaemia (17mmol/l) with 20 mU [m(2) BSA](-1) min(-1) insulin (Hyper20); and hyperglycaemia (17 mmol/l) with mU [5 m(2) BSA](-1) min(-1) insulin (Hyper5) on separate days. Participants and the single testing assessor were blinded to condition, with participants allocated to randomised testing condition sequences as they were consecutively recruited. Standardised testing (in order) conducted on each of the three study days included: triplicate 6 second sprint cycling, grip strength, single leg static balance, vertical jump and modified Star Excursion Balance Test, ten simple and choice reaction times and one cycle ergometer (V) over dotO(2peak) test. The difference between conditions in the aforementioned testing measures was analysed, with the primary outcome being the difference in (V) over dotO(2peak). Results Twelve recreationally active individuals with type 1 diabetes (8 male, mean +/- SD 17.9 +/- 3.9 years, HbA(1c) 61 +/- 11 mmol/mol [7.7 +/- 1.0%], 7 +/- 3 h exercise/week) were analysed. Compared with Eu20, (V) over dotO(2peak) was lower in Hyper20 (difference 0.17 l/min [95% CI 0.31, 0.04; p = 0.02] 6.6% of mean Eu20 level), but Hyper5 was not different (p = 0.39). Comparedwith Eu20, sprint cycling peak power was not different in Hyper20 (p = 0.20), but was higher in Hyper5 (64 W [95% CI 13, 115; p = 0.02] 13.1%). Hyper20 reaction times were not different (simple: p = 0.12) but Hyper5 reaction times were slower (simple: 11 milliseconds [95% CI 1, 22; p = 0.04] 4.7%) than Eu20. No differences between Eu20 and either hyperglycaemic condition were observed for the other testing measures (p > 0.05). Conclusions/interpretation Acute marked hyperglycaemia in the higher but not low insulin state impaired (V) over dotO(2peak) but to a small extent. Acute hyperglycaemia had an insulin-dependent effect on sprint cycling absolute power output and reaction time but with differing directionality (positive for sprint cycling and negative for reaction time) and no effect on the other indicators of exercise performance examined. We find that acute hyperglycaemia is not consistently adverse and does not impair overall exercise performance to an extent clinically relevant for recreationally active individuals with type 1 diabetes. .
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