| 741. |
- Tshabalala, Xolani, 1981-
(författare)
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Hyenas of the Limpopo : The Social Politics of Undocumented Movement Across South Africa’s Border with Zimbabwe
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increasing number of people today cross the Beitbridge border of South Africa and Zimbabwe. This comes with a corresponding growth of creative strategies that seek to aid the crossing of those people and goods that may lack the necessary documentation. Such ‘informal’ border crossings have come to define one of the important economic regions in Southern Africa, the post-1994 Limpopo Valley.This thesis approaches routine acts of facilitating undocumented border crossings as an everyday social politics with deep historical roots. By use of archival and ethnographic methods, the thesis examines the social history and embodied practices of a variety of actors who engage in undocumented border crossings. A particular focus is placed on the role of private transporters (omalayitsha), who represent an important link between an exclusionary and yet fragmentary migration regime and undocumented travellers. In three theoretical and four empirical chapters, and inspired by border studies as well as the critical realist approach in migration studies, the thesis connects border practice to irregular movement and cheap labour within a regional context defined, in part, by dispossession. Through thick interpretations of the lived experience of border practice, the study also connects such political economic processes (e.g. migrant irregularity, labour precarity and economic informality) to questions of social identity and migrant subjectivities.By situating the figure of the hyena at the centre of Southern African border struggles, the thesis invents an analytical concept that serves both an empirical and a theoretical task. Empirically, it enables a synthetic understanding of how everyday contestations around the possibility to work across the border for low-skill migrants have been interacting, through time, with broader processes of capital accumulation to partly shape the region’s migrant labour system. Theoretically, it shows how facilitation of undocumented border crossings calls for new sociological models that can account for processes that escape binary classification (as formal or informal, inclusive or exclusive, legal or illegal, ordered or disordered), thus contributing to a better understanding of the role of migration in the contemporary world.
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| 742. |
- Tulstrup, Morten, et al.
(författare)
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Parents' and Adolescents' Preferences for Intensified or Reduced Treatment in Randomized Lymphoblastic Leukemia Trials.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1545-5017 .- 1545-5009. ; 63:5, s. 865-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When offered participation in clinical trials, families of children with cancer face a delicate balance between cure and toxicity. Since parents and children may perceive this balance differently, this paper explores whether adolescent patients have different enrollment patterns compared to younger children in trials with different toxicity profiles.
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| 743. |
- Vaitkevičienė, Goda, et al.
(författare)
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High white blood cell count at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia : biological background and prognostic impact. Results from the NOPHO ALL-92 and ALL-2000 studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 86:1, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prognostic impact of peripheral blood white blood cell count (WBC) at the diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was evaluated in a population-based consecutive series of 2666 children aged 1-15 treated for ALL between 1992 and 2008 in the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). Ten-year event-free (pEFS(10 y)) survival and overall (pOS(10 y)) survival were 0.75 ± 0.01 and 0.85 ± 0.01, respectively. Although treatment intensity was determined by WBC, non-remission and relapsed patients still had significantly higher WBC than those in remission for B-cell precursor (BCP) (median WBC: 24.8 vs. 14.0 vs. 8.3 × 10(9) /L, P < 0.001), but not for T-lineage (T-ALL) (median WBC: 127.8 vs. 113.0 vs. 86.8 × 10(9) /L, P = 0.22). pEFS was inversely related to WBC for BCP (P < 0.001), but not for T-ALL. WBC was not associated with risk of event for BCP or T-ALL for patients with minimal residual disease at the end of induction (MRD(d29) ) <10(-3). In contrast, for MRD(d29) ≥ 10(-3) and <5% leukaemic blasts in bone marrow at day 29, the pEFS(5 y) for WBC < 100.0 (N = 152) vs. ≥ 100.0 (N = 19) was 0.76 vs. 0.50 (P = 0.001). That was the case both for BCP (pEFS(5 y) 0.76 vs. 0.58) and for T-ALL (pEFS(5 y) 0.71 vs. 0.38). Whether the inferior EFS for the subset of patients with high WBC and slow initial response to treatment reflects rare or overlooked cytogenetic aberrations as well as the factors that determine WBC levels at diagnosis awaits exploration.
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| 744. |
- van der Wouden, Cathelijne H., et al.
(författare)
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Generating evidence for precision medicine : considerations made by the Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics Consortium when designing and operationalizing the PREPARE study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - 1744-6872 .- 1744-6880. ; 30:6, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Pharmacogenetic panel-based testing represents a new model for precision medicine. A sufficiently powered prospective study assessing the (cost-)effectiveness of a panel-based pharmacogenomics approach to guide pharmacotherapy is lacking. Therefore, the Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics Consortium initiated the PREemptive Pharmacogenomic testing for prevention of Adverse drug Reactions (PREPARE) study. Here, we provide an overview of considerations made to mitigate multiple methodological challenges that emerged during the design.Methods An evaluation of considerations made when designing the PREPARE study across six domains: study aims and design, primary endpoint definition and collection of adverse drug events, inclusion and exclusion criteria, target population, pharmacogenomics intervention strategy, and statistical analyses.Results Challenges and respective solutions included: (1) defining and operationalizing a composite primary endpoint enabling measurement of the anticipated effect, by including only severe, causal, and drug genotype-associated adverse drug reactions; (2) avoiding overrepresentation of frequently prescribed drugs within the patient sample while maintaining external validity, by capping drugs of enrolment; (3) designing the pharmacogenomics intervention strategy to be applicable across ethnicities and healthcare settings; and (4) designing a statistical analysis plan to avoid dilution of effect by initially excluding patients without a gene–drug interaction in a gatekeeping analysis.Conclusion Our design considerations will enable quantification of the collective clinical utility of a panel of pharmacogenomics-markers within one trial as a proof-of-concept for pharmacogenomics-guided pharmacotherapy across multiple actionable gene–drug interactions. These considerations may prove useful to other investigators aiming to generate evidence for precision medicine.
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| 745. |
- Vejbrink Kildal, Villiam, M.D., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-guided injections for treatment of facial paralysis sequelae : A randomized study on body donors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963). - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0032-1052 .- 1529-4242. ; 153:3, s. 617e-625e
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Botulinum toxin injection is the gold standard treatment of synkinesis and gustatory hyperlacrimation in facial paralysis patients. However, poor injection accuracy may lead to suboptimal treatment results and complications. Diplopia, ptosis, and lagophthalmos are common after lacrimal gland injections. Intra-ocular injections have been reported in the treatment of both synkinesis and excessive tearing. Ultrasound guidance should increase injection accuracy in the facial region, but this has not been proven.Methods: Twenty-six hemifaces of non-embalmed cadavers were studied in a randomized split-face manner. Ink was injected with ultrasound or landmark guidance into the lacrimal gland and three common synkinetic muscles: the orbicularis oculi, depressor anguli oris, and mentalis. Injection accuracy was evaluated through several measures.Results: Using ultrasound guidance, most ink (>50%) was found inside the correct target in 88% of cases, compared with 50% using landmark guidance (p<0.001). This was most pronounced in the lacrimal gland (62% vs. 8%), depressor anguli oris (100% vs. 46%), and mentalis (100% vs. 54%) (p<0.05). All ink was found inside the correct target (no ink outside) in 65% using ultrasound guidance vs. 29% without (p<0.001). Injection accuracy (any ink in target) was 100% when using ultrasound guidance vs. 83% without (p<0.01). Twenty-three percent of landmark-guided depressor anguli oris injections stained the facial artery (p=0.22).Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance significantly increased injection accuracy and reduced the amount of ink lost in surrounding tissue when compared with landmark guidance. Clinical trials are needed to explore the effects of ultrasound guidance on treatment outcome, duration, and complications in facial paralysis patients.
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| 746. |
- Vielfort, Katarina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence of clinically isolated lactobacilli to human cervical cells in competition with Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 2008
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Ingår i: Microbes and infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 10:12-13, s. 1325-1334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactobacilli are normal inhabitants of our microbiota and are known to protect against pathogens. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human specific pathogenic bacterium that colonises the urogenital tract where it causes gonorrhoea. In this study we analysed early interactions between lactobacilli and gonococci and investigated how they compete for adherence to human epithelial cervical cells. We show that lactobacilli adhere at various levels and that the number of adherent bacteria does not correlate to the level of protection against gonococcal infection. Protection against gonococcal adhesion varied between Lactobacillus species. Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus reuteri were capable of reducing gonococcal adherence while Lactobacillus rhamnosus was not. Lactobacillus strains of vaginal origin had the best capacity to remain attached to the host cell during gonococcal adherence. Further, we show that gonococci and lactobacilli interact with each other with resultant lactobacilli incorporation into the gonococcal microcolony. Hence, gonococci bind to colonised lactobacilli and this complex frequently detaches from the epithelial cell surface, resulting in reduced bacterial colonisation. Also, purified gonococcal pili are capable of removing adherent lactobacilli from the cell surface. Taken together, we reveal novel data regarding gonococcal and lactobacilli competition for adherence that will benefit future gonococcal prevention and treatments.
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| 747. |
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| 748. |
- Wang, He, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of the PII-AmtB encoding operons in Rhodospirillum rubrum and studies of the functional role(s) of GlnB, GlnJ and AmtB1 in nitrogen metabolism
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Rhodospirillum rubrum and many other diazotrophs, PII proteins and the ammonium transport protein AmtB have been shown to play central roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. In this report we have used Real-time RT-PCR to study the transcription of the genes encoding three PII proteins and the AmtB proteins in R. rubrum. We have generated amtB1 and amtB2 mutants and in the amtB1 mutant strains ammonium nitrogenase switch-off is lost although the rate of ammonium uptake is not affected compared to wild type. In contrast darkness switch-off is unaffected. Most interestingly, we also show that the uridylylation status of GlnB is different from that of GlnJ under certain conditions in the amtB1 mutant strain, which is the first demonstration of physiological selectivity in PII modification in vivo, supporting the proposed different functions for these paralogs in the cell. We suggest that the primary role of AmtB1 in this diazotroph, is as a central component together with GlnJ in signal transduction regulating nitrogen metabolism.
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| 749. |
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| 750. |
- Willén, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Writing history for an uncertain future : concluding remarks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Austere histories in European societies. - London : Routledge. - 9781138909380 ; , s. 182-194
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the failure of Europe to confront its supressed colonial past on a general level, the colonial wound continues to repeat itself. In the present, this wound is manifested as a colonial divide that separates postcolonial citizens, indigenes, and migrants from majority Europeans. In this concluding chapter, we argue that this inequality is being sanctioned by hegemonic history writing, as well as being maintained, or even aggravated, by the current ideological conditions of austerity. Against a horizon of an austere future, and as an alternative to the austere histories that are critically examined in this volume, we here suggest a historiography that takes its point of departure in this wound: how the colonial past transformed Europe and thus is preserved as an integral part of the present and its future.
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