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Sökning: WFRF:(Karlberg Mikael)

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91.
  • Ytreberg, Erik, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of seawater scrubbing on a microplanktonic community during a summer-bloom in the Baltic Sea
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 291
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has gradually applied stricter regulations on the maximum sulphur content permitted in marine fuels and from January 1, 2020, the global fuel sulphur limit was reduced from 3.5% to 0.5%. An attractive option for shipowners is to install exhaust gas cleaning systems, also known as scrubbers, and continue to use high sulphur fuel oil. In the scrubber, the exhausts are led through a fine spray of water, in which sulphur oxides are easily dissolved. The process results in large volumes of acidic discharge water, but while regulations are focused on sulphur oxides removal and acidification, other pollutants e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and nitrogen oxides can be transferred from the exhausts to the washwater and discharged to the marine environment. The aim of the current study was to investigate how different treatments of scrubber discharge water (1, 3 and 10%) affect a natural Baltic Sea summer microplanktonic community. To resolve potential contribution of acidification from the total effect of the scrubber discharge water, “pH controls” were included where the pH of natural sea water was reduced to match the scrubber treatments. Biological effects (e.g. microplankton species composition, biovolume and primary productivity) and chemical parameters (e.g. pH and alkalinity) were monitored and analysed during 14 days of exposure. Significant effects were observed in the 3% scrubber treatment, with more than 20% increase in total biovolume of microplankton compared to the control group, and an even greater effect in the 10% scrubber treatment. Group-specific impacts were recorded where diatoms, flagellates incertae sedis, chlorophytes and ciliates increased in biovolume with increasing concentrations of scrubber water while no effect was recorded for cyanobacteria. In contrast, these effects was not observed in the “pH controls”, a suggestion that other parameters/stressors in the scrubber water were responsible for the observed effects.
  •  
92.
  • Öhlund, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Apex predator induces predator-rich ecosystem state innorthern lakes
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Large predators are disappearing from ecosystems around the world. If predator speciesfacilitate each other’s existence through niche construction, this development could causecascading predator collapses and reduce ecosystem resilience. However, the importance offacilitation for the assembly and function of predator communities remains poorly understood.Here, we show that a large piscivorous fish, the northern pike (Esox lucius), enables theformation of a numerous and diverse predator community by inducing a dwarf ecotype ofEuropean whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Pike increases the standing biomass of prey-sized(<200mm) whitefish with a factor of 12.6, allowing small-gaped fish species (Percafluviatilis, Lota lota, Salvelinus alpinus and Salmo trutta) to go from small-growinggeneralists, to large-growing piscivores. Similarly, a guild of piscivorous birds (Gavia arctica,G. stellata, Sterna paradisaea, S. hirundo, Mergus serrator and M. merganser) shift from amixed diet to relying mainly on whitefish prey in presence of pike. Through this regime shift,the functional piscivore biomass in the non-pike fish community increases with a factor of14.2, and the density- and species richness of piscivorous birds increase with factors of 2.08and 2.16, respectively. Our results demonstrate how feedbacks between presence/absence ofimportant predators and the phenotype of prey may keep complex ecosystems in predator-richor predator-depleted states.
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