| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin B, cathepsin L and D related to surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease in children
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study investigated potential associations between novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and other surrogate markers for health. Methods: Community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8–11 years. Total fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total body fat was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. Echocardiography was performed. Left atrial size (LA) and left ventricular mass (LVM) were measured. A follow-up DXA scan was available in 152 children (84 boys and 68 girls). Frozen serum samples were analyzed for cystatin B, cathepsin L and cathepsin D. Results: Partial correlations between cystatin B versus lnTBF, lnBF%, lnAFM, AFM/TBF, VO2PEAK and PP were; r = 0.38, 0.36, 0.38, 0.29, -0.25 and 0.25, P = 0.001 or less for all. Weaker predominantly non-significant correlations were found for cathepsin L, whereas cathepsin D was not related to any surrogate markers for health. No significant correlations were found between biomarkers and change in body fat over 2 years. Conclusion: Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease such as total fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, maximal oxygen uptake and pulse pressure were all associated with cystatin B. This was not found for cathepsin L or cathepsin D.
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| 44. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daily physical activity and its relation to aerobic fitness in children aged 8-11 years.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6327 .- 1439-6319. ; 96:5, s. 587-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A positive relationship between daily physical activity and aerobic fitness exists in adults. Studies in children have given conflicting results, possibly because of differences in methods used to assess daily physical activity and fitness. No study regarding daily physical activity and fitness in children has been published, where fitness has been assessed by direct measurement of maximum oxygen uptake and related to daily physical activity intensities by accelerometers. We examined 248 children (140 boys and 108 girls), aged 7.9-11.1 years. Maximum workload and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) by indirect calorimetry were measured during a maximum bicycle ergometer exercise test. Exercise capacity was adjusted for body mass and (body mass)(2/3). Daily physical activity was evaluated by accelerometers, worn around the waist for 4 days. Mean accelerometer counts and time spent in vigorous physical activity were calculated. VO2PEAK was correlated with mean accelerometer counts (r=0.23 for boys and r=0.23 for girls, both P < 0.05), but somewhat better with time spent in vigorous activity (r=0.32 for boys, r=0.30 for girls, both P < 0.05). All results remained virtually the same regardless of the method used to adjust for differences in body size.
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| 45. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Galectin-3 levels relate in children to total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, and cardiac size
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6199 .- 1432-1076. ; 177:3, s. 461-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectin-3 has recently been proposed as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease in adults. The purpose of this investigation was to assess relationships between galectin-3 levels and total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, left ventricular mass, left atrial size, and increase in body fat over a 2-year period in a population-based sample of children. Our study included 170 children aged 8–11 years. Total fat mass and abdominal fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body fat distribution was expressed as abdominal fat/total fat mass. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled to body mass. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were measured. Left atrial size, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness were measured by echocardiography. Frozen serum samples were analyzed for galectin-3 by the Proximity Extension Assay technique. A follow-up DXA scan was performed in 152 children 2 years after the baseline exam. Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex and age, between galectin-3 versus body fat measurements indicated weak to moderate relationships. Moreover, left atrial size, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness and pulse pressure were also correlated with galectin-3. Neither systolic blood pressure nor maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with galectin-3. There was also a correlation between galectin-3 and increase in total body fat over 2 years, while no such correlations were found for the other fat measurements. Conclusion: More body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, more left ventricular mass, and increased left atrial size were all associated with higher levels of galectin-3. Increase in total body fat over 2 years was also associated with higher levels of galectin-3.(Table presented.)
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| 46. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences and determinants of aerobic fitness in children aged 8-11 years.
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6327 .- 1439-6319. ; 99, s. 19-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies of gender differences in maximum oxygen uptake have come to different conclusions. Limited data exists where the determinants of maximum oxygen uptake have been evaluated in a comprehensive manner. Thus, we examined 248 children (140 boys and 108 girls), aged 7.9-11.1 years. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, measured variables were total body fat (TBF) and lean body mass (LBM). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal cycle exercise test. Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers and duration of vigorous activity per day (VPA) was calculated. Left ventricular inner diastolic diameter (LVDD) was measured by echocardiography. Lung function was evaluated with spirometric testing and whole body plethysmography. Boys had between 8 and 18% higher values than girls for VO2peak, dependent upon whether VO2peak was expressed in absolute values or scaled to body mass, LBM or if allometric scaling was used. In multiple regression analysis absolute values of aerobic fitness were independently related to LBM, maximal heart rate (Max HR), gender, LVDD, and VPA. Furthermore, when VO2peak was scaled to body mass it was independently related to In TBF, Max HR, gender, VPA, and LVDD. Lung function had no relation to VO2peak. Our study concludes that body composition is the main predictor for VO2peak, in children aged 8-11 years, whereas VPA or LVDD has only a modest impact. Existing gender differences in VO2peak cannot be explained only by differences in body composition, physical activity, or heart size.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Maximal oxygen uptake versus maximal power output in children
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 26:13, s. 1397-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) is considered the optimal method to assess aerobic fitness. The measurement of [Vdot]O2max, however, requires special equipment and training. Maximal exercise testing with determination of maximal power output offers a more simple approach. This study explores the relationship between [Vdot]O2max and maximal power output in 247 children (139 boys and 108 girls) aged 7.9-11.1 years. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal ergometer exercise test with an initial workload of 30W and 15Wmin-1 increments. Maximal power output was also measured. A sample (n=124) was used to calculate reference equations, which were then validated using another sample (n=123). The linear reference equation for both sexes combined was: [Vdot]O2max (mlmin-1)=96 + 10.6maximal power + 3.5body mass. Using this reference equation, estimated [Vdot]O2max per unit of body mass (mlmin-1kg-1) calculated from maximal power correlated closely with the direct measurement of [Vdot]O2max (r=0.91, P0.001). Bland-Altman analysis gave a mean limits of agreement of 0.22.9 (mlmin-1kg-1) (1s). Our results suggest that maximal power output serves as a good surrogate measurement for [Vdot]O2max in population studies of children aged 8-11 years.
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| 49. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution and surrogate markers for health related to adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) in children
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-018X .- 2191-0251. ; 30:4, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to assess possible relationships between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) and total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions and the increase in body fat over 2 years in a community sample of children. A cross-sectional study was used in a community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8-11 years. TBF and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBF was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled to body mass. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. Echocardiography was performed. Left atrial (LA) size was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. A follow-up DXA scan was available in 152 children (84 boys and 68 girls). Frozen serum samples were analyzed for FABP4. Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex, between FABP4 vs. ln TBF, ln BF%, ln AFM, AFM/TBF and VO2PEAK were (r=0.69, 0.68, 0.69, 0.49 and -0.39, p<0.05 for all). Moreover, SBP, PP, LVM and LA were also weakly correlated with FABP4 (r=0.23, 0.22, 0.28 and 0.21, p<0.05 for all). Correlations between FABP4 vs. increase in TBF and AFM over 2 years were 0.29 and 0.26, p<0.05, for both. (Increase in percent body fat or change in fat distribution were not correlated.) Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that increased body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, low fitness, more LVM and increased LA, increased SBP and PP were all associated with increased levels of FABP4. Increase in TBF and abdominal fat over 2 years were also associated with increased levels of FABP4.
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| 50. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking of Physical Activity with Accelerometers Over a Two-year Time Period.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity & Health. - 1543-5474. ; 10:2, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited data exists of tracking and changes in accelerometer measured physical activity in children. METHODS: Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for four days in 167 children (boys n=90, girls n=77), aged 9.8±0.6 years. Follow-up measurement was made 2.0±0.1 yrs later (range 1.9-2.1 yrs). General physical activity (GPA) was defined as mean count/minute. Minutes of inactivity, light- moderate- and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) per day were calculated both as absolute values and as percentage of total registration time. RESULTS: Spearman rank order correlation indicated low tracking of MVPA and VPA in girls (r=0.25-0.33, P<0.05), and low-moderate tracking of GPA, inactivity, LMVPA, MVPA and VPA in boys (r=0.23-0.40, P<0.05). Time in inactivity increased at follow-up by 5-14%. Most of the assessed physical activity variables were decreased at follow-up by 6-30%. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity tracks at a low-moderate degree from age 10 to age 12 years, which confirm previous investigations that have used self-report assessments. The low-moderate tracking of physical activity variables indicate that those who were most active initially remained most active. Increasing inactive behaviour was observed and that several other physical activity variables were decreased at follow-up.
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