| 21. |
- Beecheno, Kim, 1980-
(författare)
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Life Cycles of Spirituality : Religious Conversion and Violence in São Paulo
- 2018
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Ingår i: Spaces of Spirituality. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138226067 - 9781315398426 - 9780367592707 ; , s. 184-197
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the role of violence in the religious conversion of women to Pentecostalism in Brazil. It focuses on ethnographic data and interviews with female converts from a low-income, high-crime area of Sao Paulo, as well as literature analysing religious conversion in the Americas. The chapter examines that some women use religious conversion and continued spiritual practice as a strategy for dealing with everyday violence and especially domestic violence. It looks at current literature on conversion to Pentecostalism to set the scene and highlights the importance of this study. The chapter describes the reasons for women's conversion, in which domestic violence was found to be the overarching reason for conversion. It analyses the subsequent effects of women's conversion from a life-cycle perspective and the way in which religious conversion and spiritual practice were used in relation to violence.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bensow, Rickard, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Discontinuous Least-Squares finite element method for the Div-Curl problem
- 2005
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Ingår i: Numerische Mathematik. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-599X .- 0945-3245. ; 101:4, s. 601-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider the div-curl problem posed on nonconvex polyhedral domains. We propose a least-squares method based on discontinuous elements with normal and tangential continuity across interior faces, as well as boundary conditions, weakly enforced through a properly designed least-squares functional. Discontinuous elements make it possible to take advantage of regularity of given data (divergence and curl of the solution) and obtain convergence also on nonconvex domains. In general, this is not possible in the least-squares method with standard continuous elements. We show that our method is stable, derive a priori error estimates, and present numerical examples illustrating the method. © Springer-Verlag 2005.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Binfa, Lorena, et al.
(författare)
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Chilean Women's Reflections About Womanhood and Sexuality During Midlife in a Swedish or Chilean Context
- 2009
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Ingår i: Health Care for Women International. - : Taylor & Francis Inc.. - 0739-9332 .- 1096-4665. ; 30:12, s. 1093-1110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to learn about Chilean women's reflections about womanhood and sexuality during midlife, we held focus group discussions (FGDs) with middle-aged Chilean women living in Stockholm, Sweden, or in Santiago, Chile. We used thematic content analysis for the qualitative data. Emerging themes follow; societal expectations on women, perceptions about sexual relationships, and women's social stigmatization. The women had since childhood been strongly influenced by a gender-imbalanced world, which had made them socially, economically, and biologically at higher risk for exploitation during life. More focus should be directed to middle-aged women's life situation and promotion of gender equity in society.
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| 27. |
- Brack, Werner, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the review of the European Union Water Framework Directive : Recommendations for more efficient assessment and management of chemical contamination in European surface water resources
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 576, s. 720-737
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water is a vital resource for natural ecosystems and human life, and assuring a high quality of water and protecting it from chemical contamination is a major societal goal in the European Union. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and its daughter directives are the major body of legislation for the protection and sustainable use of European freshwater resources. The practical implementation of the WFD with regard to chemical pollution has faced some challenges. In support of the upcoming WFD review in 2019 the research project SOLUTIONS and the European monitoring network NORMAN has analyzed these challenges, evaluated the state-of-the-art of the science and suggested possible solutions. We give 10 recommendations to improve monitoring and to strengthen comprehensive prioritization, to foster consistent assessment and to support solution-oriented management of surface waters. The integration of effect-based tools, the application of passive sampling for bioaccumulative chemicals and an integrated strategy for prioritization of contaminants, accounting for knowledge gaps, are seen as important approaches to advance monitoring. Including all relevant chemical contaminants in more holistic chemical status assessment, using effect-based trigger values to address priority mixtures of chemicals, to better consider historical burdens accumulated in sediments and to use models to fill data gaps are recommended for a consistent assessment of contamination. Solution-oriented management should apply a tiered approach in investigative monitoring, to identify toxicity drivers, strengthen consistent legislative frameworks and apply solutions-oriented approaches that explore risk reduction scenarios before and along with risk assessment.
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| 28. |
- Bramsved, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of family disposable income on development of height and BMI from birth up to eight years of age
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Obesity Summit (EOS) – Joint Congress of EASO and IFSO-EC. - Freiburg : S. Karger. ; , s. 44-44
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Low socioeconomic position (SEP) is a known risk factor for development of obesity in childhood. e level of parental education is commonly used as proxy for SEP, but family disposable income is likely to also be of importance for SEP. e aim of this study was to determine the e ects of family disposable income on BMI and height trajectories from birth up to eight years of age, and the development of obesity at eight years of age.Methods: Growth data from birth to eight years age were collected for 3030 Swedish children. Register data on family disposable income was re- trieved from Statistics Sweden, and dichotomized for the analysis by the median value for the group. Register-derived information on parental ed- ucation and national background, maternal BMI, age and smoking status were considered as covariates in longitudinal mixed models and regres- sion analyses.Results: Mean birth weight was lower in families of lower income, 3.51 kg (SD 0.54) vs. 3.60 kg (SD 0.53) for children of higher-income parents, p < 0.0001. By age 5.5 years and 8 years, however, a reversed relation between groups was seen, where the children of lower income families showed signi cantly higher mean BMI. is di erence was no longer sig- ni cant when adjusting for covariates. Considering height, lower income was strongly related to lower height at 5.5 and 8 years, di erences were strengthened a er adjusting for confounders, -0.44 cm (95% CI -0.75,- 0.13) for age 5.5 years and -0.56 cm (95% CI -0.88, -0.23) at 8 years. e OR of obesity at 8 years age was 1.69 (95% CI 1.05–2.7) for the group of low income compared to the group of high income.Conclusions: Low family disposable income is related to increased risk of childhood obesity at 8 years of age. is could be attributed to a di erent growth pattern compared to children of high income. Our ndings that children of lower family income had lower mean birth weight and dis- played lower height later in childhood suggest that these children might have an unfavourable metabolic pro le and increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. © 2016 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
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| 29. |
- Britt-Marie, Ljungström
(författare)
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Parents´ experience of living with a child displaying oppositional defiant disorder. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the complexity
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Clinical levels of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) during childhood are considered a significant marker of risk to develop mental illness later in life. If serious behavior problems begin as early as preschool years and persist through childhood and adolescence, there is a risk that the behaviors will turn into more severe behavior problems and develop into criminality and antisocial behavior in adulthood. The overall purpose of this thesis was to gain a deeper insight into the complexity in families with children who exhibit ODD behaviors and get a deeper understanding of the risk factors and conditions that may complicate the impact of a comprehensive parent training (PT) program for parents with children displaying symptoms of ODD. Fifty-seven children with clinical levels of ODD participated in study I, 19 of those in study II and, 30 of those in study III. The result from study I showed that the diagnostic criteria for ODD helped to identify and distinguish commonly occurring oppositional behavior from disruptive behavior problems (DBPs), but the accepted diagnostic criteria did not cover the entire range of problematic behaviors, especially those behaviors that constitute a risk for later antisocial behavior. Study II focused on the parents´ descriptions of the complexity in the family and parenting situation. The parents highlight the need to address parents´ own mental health problems, parental alliance, lack of parental strategies, capacity for emotional regulation, parents´ perceived helplessness, parental stress, sense if isolation and absence of supportive social networks. A careful assessment before parents join a parent training (PT) program should lead to a better adaptation of the PT program to the parents´ situation. Study III showed that it is neither risk factors alone, nor protective factors alone, that lead to different outcomes for children whose parents participated in a PT program; rather, a combination of risk and protective factors determine the outcome. Study III has led to hypotheses about combinations of factors leading to different outcomes. Aggressiveness in combination with either ADHD or negative emotionality (NE) in children, when parents simultaneously have mental health problems, or a lower education level, seems to constitute risks for families and lead to a negative outcome after intervention with a PT program. In all three studies, it has been shown that a subgroup of children displaying ODD in preschool and early school age, exhibit serious disruptive behavior problems. Early detection and early interventions are most important for families with children displaying ODD, to prevent the development of more serious behavior problems and antisocial behaviors in adulthood. Keywords: ODD, parenting training program, aggression, negative emotionality
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| 30. |
- Buck, Dietrich, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Production and In-Plane Compression Mechanics of Alternatively Angled Layered Cross-Laminated Timber
- 2018
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : University of North Carolina Press. - 1930-2126 .- 1930-2126. ; 13:2, s. 4029-4045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing awareness of sustainable building materials has led to interest in enhancing the structural performance of engineered wood products. This paper reports mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels constructed with layers angled in an alternative configuration on a modified industrial CLT production line. Timber lamellae were adhesively bonded together in a single-step press procedure to form CLT panels. Transverse layers were laid at an angle of 45°, instead of the conventional 90° angle with respect to the longitudinal layers’ 0° angle. Tests were carried out on 20 five-layered CLT panels divided into two matched groups with either a 45° or a 90° configuration; an in-plane uniaxial compressive loading was applied in the principal orientation of the panels. These tests showed that the 45°-configured panels had a 30% higher compression stiffness and a 15% higher compression strength than the 90° configuration. The results also revealed that the 45°-configured CLT can be industrially produced without using more material than is required for conventional CLT 90° panels. In addition, the design possibility that the 45°-configured CLT can carry a given load while using less material also suggests that it is possible to use CLT in a wider range of structural applications.
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