| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The ethno-graphy of prices: On the fingers of the invisible hand (1922-1947)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5084 .- 1461-7323. ; 26:4, s. 492-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is part of a project examining the long-term process of price display digitalization, ranging from manually written prices to contemporary electronic shelf labels. Based on the etymology of the term ‘digital’ (from digitus, finger or toe), we intend to show that the display of prices in retail settings surprisingly rests on a long-term digitalization process that started in the early 20th century. The study is based on a systematic reading of the trade magazine The Progressive Grocer during its first decades (1922-1947). This magazine assisted independent American grocers in their move from counter-service to self-service, and in facing the challenges of new competitors like chain stores and supermarkets. In this process, the disclosure of prices and their proper writing—their ethno-graphy—was central. We focus on a crucial and transitional period: the move from coded to open prices. This period entailed a double development of price ‘fingerization’ (using the fingers to write the prices) and price ‘de-fingerization’ (getting rid of handwriting thanks to novel price tag and printing devices). Ethnographying these mundane evolutions illuminates the role of the fingers of the invisible hand that animates the market, so to say.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The technologies of price display: mundane retail price governance in the early twentieth century
- 2018
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Ingår i: Economy and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-5147 .- 1469-5766. ; 47:4, s. 572-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How is everyday retail pricing practices and devices linked to large-scale, market-wide movements in retail prices? This paper investigates how the development and spread of seemingly insignificant price display technologies in US grocery retailing related to the development of US food prices at large during the interwar years (1918–1939). We find that the development of these new technologies (e.g. preprinted price cards, price tags and price mouldings) afforded new retail pricing practices (e.g. price cutting, specials and bundles). This development both fed off and contributed to the periods of intense price competition that marked the development of US food prices in the studied period. We conclude that price formation mechanisms are historically situated socio-technical phenomena rather than the product of abstract and historically constant market forces. As such, well-working markets hinge on the efforts of a wide range of market actors to continuously test the contextualization of particular price mechanisms and develop alternative solutions to overcome the shortcomings that such reflexive efforts are able to establish.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Cochoy, Franck, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The Tower of Labels: Labelling Goods in the US Grocery Store (1922–2018)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Labelling the Economy, Qualities and Values in Contemporary Markets. edited by B. Laurent and A. Mallard. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811514975 - 9789811514982 ; , s. 233-270
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While labelling is often conceived as an operation aimed at displaying the qualities of products, this chapter invites us to reflect on the labelling of prices. It proposes to study the technology as well as the micro-politics of price labelling in the long-term history of American grocery stores. The chapter relies on a study of the trade journal The Progressive Grocer from 1922 to 2016. It examines how various developments in labelling technologies, like sticker labels, price guns, printed price tags and UPC codes changed the division of labour between manufacturers and retailers in terms of product valuation and qualification and thus contributed to redefining not only the visibility of prices in market scenes and supply chains, but also the economics of the underlying qualities.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Dahlin, Peter, 1981-
(författare)
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Turbulence in Business Networks : A Longitudinal Study of Mergers, Acquisitions and Bankruptcies Involving Swedish IT-companies
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The end of the twentieth centry, and the beginning of the twenty-first, was a revolving period with many mergers, acquisitions and bankruptcies among Swedish IT-companies. Such events are likely to affect more than just the companies directly involved, i.e. the bankrupt and consolidating parties, and this thesis considers the contextual embeddedness of mergers, acquisitions and bankruptcies by studying them in a business network setting.The primary aim of this thesis is to further the understanding of business network change and its underlying dynamics. A business network is a conceptual description of the interrelatedness of companies, which makes them problematic to describe and understand. This thesis suggests a force-based approach to business network change, which focuses on the forces underlying the change rather than the actual alterations of the business network. The suggested approach emphasizes the change and enables an exploration and description of business network change based on its underlying forces, linked to form a change sequence. The events that occur and the forces they give rise to can be used to describe the character of such business network change sequences.To enable a study of a change sequence within the Swedish IT-related business network, this thesis will use a technique designed to gather information about events and parts of the business network structure by systematizing data from news items describing mergers, acquisitions and bankruptcies involving Swedish IT-companies during the years 1994-2003. This data structuration technique enables a longitudinal and retrospective study of a business network change sequence. The analysis indicates a high possibility of inter-linkages between mergers, acquisitions and bankruptcies involving Swedish IT-companies, and describes a business network change sequence with high intensity and wide extension, which is the type of business network change with the highest potential impact, here referred to as ‘turbulence in business networks’.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A., et al.
(författare)
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Feral segmentation: How cultural intermediaries perform market segmentation in the wild
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marketing Theory. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1741-301X .- 1470-5931. ; 20:4, s. 429-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article extends the S-T-P framework of market segmentation (i.e. segmentation, targeting, and positioning), showing that firms have more sources of segments than previously acknowledged, including the option of integrating feral segments that emerge publicly in the marketplace. While the S-T-P framework currently focuses on ad hoc segmentation tailored for a focal firm and syndicated segmentation made for commercialization to multiple firms, this article introduces feral segmentation in which cultural intermediaries (CIs) coin consumers categories through their familiarity with popular culture. Empirically, the article investigates how CIs constructed the lumbersexual segment, a neologism combining the narcissism of the metrosexual with the roughness of the lumberjack. The findings include a four-step feral segmentation process: (1) Establishing deviance-singling out anomalies that lower the explanatory power of existing segments. (2) Prototyping-sketching profiles that enhance familiarity and allow identification. (3) Anchoring-attaching the segment into public discussions. (4) Vaccination-coining preemptive validations against criticism.
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