| 61. |
- Lagergren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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På väg mot eliten : Vad kan förväntas av kvinnliga idrottare?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - : Idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med artikeln är att ur ett gatekeeping-perspektiv belysa hur den manliga hegemonin kommer till uttryck och vilka eventuella konsekvenser den har inom skapandet kvinnliga elitidrottare. Genom gatekeeping-processen, med dess grundelement förväntningen och bekräftelsen, påverkar ledare och föräldrar de unga elitsatsande idrottarnas vardag, utveckling och syn på en eventuell framtid som elitidrottare. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat genom intervjuer och observationer i två olika omgångar, dels under perioden 2002–2004 och dels under åren 2011–2013. Materialet presenteras i form av tre case: fotboll, tennis och klassisk balett. Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att gatekeeping-processen sker i ett tomrum vad gäller fotbollen, till skillnad från tennis och, i än högre grad, klassisk balett. I motsats till de senare tycks det inte finnas några förväntningar alls på flickorna inom fotbollen. Fotbollsspelarnas strävan efter att bli bekräftade möts varken av ledare eller föräldrar. Bara de tjejer som sätter upp sina egna mål och därmed gör motstånd genom att ta till sig idrottens, den manliga hegemonins, normer och värderingar kan känna sig hemma inom fotbollen.
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| 62. |
- Lee, Eunjung, et al.
(författare)
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Pleiotropic Analysis of Cancer Risk Loci on Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 24:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Several cancer-associated loci identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been associated with risks of multiple cancer sites, suggesting pleiotropic effects. We investigated whether GWAS-identified risk variants for other common cancers are associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) or its precursor, Barrett's esophagus.METHODS: We examined the associations between risks of EA and Barrett's esophagus and 387 SNPs that have been associated with risks of other cancers, by using genotype imputation data on 2,163 control participants and 3,885 (1,501 EA and 2,384 Barrett's esophagus) case patients from the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Genetic Susceptibility Study, and investigated effect modification by smoking history, body mass index (BMI), and reflux/heartburn.RESULTS: After correcting for multiple testing, none of the tested 387 SNPs were statistically significantly associated with risk of EA or Barrett's esophagus. No evidence of effect modification by smoking, BMI, or reflux/heartburn was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Genetic risk variants for common cancers identified from GWAS appear not to be associated with risks of EA or Barrett's esophagus.IMPACT: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of pleiotropic genetic associations with risks of EA and Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1801-3. ©2015 AACR.
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| 63. |
- Lin, Yulan, et al.
(författare)
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A dietary pattern rich in lignans, quercetin and resveratrol decreases the risk of oesophageal cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 112:12, s. 2002-2009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary lignans, quercetin and resveratrol have oestrogenic properties, and animal studies suggest that they synergistically decrease cancer risk. A protective effect of lignans on the development of oesophageal cancer in humans has recently been demonstrated, and the present study aimed to test whether these three phytochemicals synergistically decrease the risk of oesophageal cancer. Data from a Swedish nationwide population-based case-control study that recruited 181 cases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), 158 cases of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), 255 cases of gastro-oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma (JAC) and 806 controls were analysed. Exposure data were collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. The intake of lignans, quercetin and resveratrol was assessed using a sixty-three-item FFQ. Reduced-rank regression was used to assess a dietary pattern, and a simplified dietary pattern score was categorised into quintiles on the basis of the distribution among the control subjects. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression provided OR with 95 % CI, adjusted for all the potential risk factors. A dietary pattern rich in lignans, quercetin and resveratrol was mainly characterised by a high intake of tea, wine, lettuce, mixed vegetables, tomatoes, and whole-grain bread and a low intake of milk. There were dose-dependent associations between simplified dietary pattern scores and all types of oesophageal cancer (all P for trend < 0·05). On comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest, the adjusted OR were found to be 0·24 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·49) for OAC, 0·31 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·65) for OSCC, and 0·49 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·84) for JAC. The results of the present study indicate that a dietary pattern characterised by the intake of lignans, quercetin and resveratrol may play a protective role in the development of oesophageal cancer in the Swedish population.
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| 64. |
- Lin, Yulan, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of lignans and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 23:6, s. 837-844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strong male predominance in esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma remains unexplained. Sex hormonal influence has been suggested, but not proven. A protective role of dietary phytoestrogen lignans was hypothesized. A Swedish nationwide population-based case-control study was conducted in 1995-1997, including 181 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, 255 cases of gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma, 158 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 806 control subjects. Data on various exposures, including dietary data, were collected through personal interviews and questionnaires. Dietary intake of lignans was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized into quartiles based on the consumption among the control participants. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), including adjustment for all established risk factors. Participants in the highest quartile of intake of lignans compared with the lowest quartile were at a decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.65; 95 % CI, 0.38-1.12; for trend =0.03), gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.37; 95 % CI, 0.23-0.58; for trend < 0.0001), and these adenocarcinomas combined (OR, 0.45; 95 % CI, 0.31-0.67; for trend < 0.0001). No clear associations were found between lignan intake and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This population-based study indicates that a high dietary intake of lignans decreases the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction.
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| 65. |
- Lin, Yulan, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Intake of Lignans and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma : A Cohort Study in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 22:2, s. 308-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High intake of phytoestrogen lignans has been found to be associated with decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in our previous population-based case-control study in Sweden. To further evaluate this possible association, we tested the hypothesis of an inverse association between dietary lignan intake and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma using a prospective design. In a population-based cohort study in Sweden, 81,670 participants who were cancer-free at baseline were followed up during 1998 to 2009. All participants completed a 96-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was used to assess dietary exposure to lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, medioresinol, and syringaresinol). All cases of esophageal, gastroesophageal junctional, and gastric adenocarcinoma were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for potential confounding factors. During an average follow-up of 9.9 years, a total of 211 cases were identified, including 83 cases of esophageal or junctional adenocarcinoma, and 128 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. There was no statistically significant association between dietary intake of lignans and any of the studied adenocarcinomas. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of lignan intake, the adjusted HR of the highest quartile was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.46-2.00; P-trend = 0.70) for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.52-1.55: P-trend = 0.78) for gastric adenocarcinoma. No clear support for a protective role of dietary intake of lignans in the development of esophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma was found. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(2); 308-12. (c) 2012 AACR.
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| 66. |
- Lin, Yulan, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic syndrome and esophageal and gastric cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of the metabolic syndrome in the etiology of esophageal and gastric cancer is unclear. METHODS: This was a large nationwide cohort study based on data from 11 prospective population-based cohorts in Norway with long-term follow-up, the Cohort of Norway (CONOR) and the third Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT3). The metabolic syndrome was assessed by objective anthropometric and metabolic biochemical measures and was defined by the presence of at least three of the following five factors: increased waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and high glucose. Newly diagnosed cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma were identified from the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULT: Among 192,903 participants followed up for an average of 10.6 years, 62 developed esophageal adenocarcinoma, 64 had esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and 373 had gastric adenocarcinoma. The metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.82), but not associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77-2.26) or esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.64-1.83). Increased waist circumference was associated with an increased HR of esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.27-4.85). No significant association was found between any single component of the metabolic syndrome and risk of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. High waist circumference (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.05-2.80), hypertension (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.44-4.03) and non-fasting glucose (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.18-2.56) were also related to an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in women, but not in men. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in women. Of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome, high waist circumference was positively associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Positive associations were also observed for women between high waist circumference, hypertension, high non-fasting glucose and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, further evidence is warranted due to the limited number of cases and the inability to effectively identify gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.
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| 67. |
- Lin, Yulan, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of FFQ-based assessment of dietary lignans compared with serum enterolactone in Swedish women
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 109:10, s. 1873-1880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The validity of using FFQ to assess dietary lignans is uncertain. We aimed to validate the use of FFQ for the assessment of dietary intake of lignans compared to the serum biomarker enterolactone, the main product of dietary lignans' metabolism in human subjects. A random sample of women, aged 55-75 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort was selected. Information from two FFQ, the FFQ-87 (sixty-seven food items) and the FFQ-97 (ninety-three food items), and blood samples were collected. Dietary intake of lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, medioresinol and syringaresinol) was assessed by the FFQ. Serum concentrations of enterolactone were analysed by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The correlation coefficient between energy-adjusted lignan intake and serum enterolactone was estimated in crude and multivariable-adjusted models, taking into account the factors potentially influencing the serum enterolactone. Among the 135 participants aged 55-75 years, with a mean BMI of 26.7 kg/m(2), the average energy-adjusted intake of total lignans was 1616 (SD 424) and 1516 (SD 409) mu g/d according to the FFQ-87 (forty-five food items containing lignans) and the FFQ-97 (sixty-five food items containing lignans), respectively. The mean concentration of serum enterolactone was 23.2 (SD 15.4) nmol/l. The adjusted Pearson's correlation between dietary intake of lignans assessed by the FFQ-97 and serum enterolactone was statistically significant (r 0.22, P=0.01). No significant correlation was observed for the FFQ-87 (r 0.09, P=0.30). The present study indicates that the FFQ-97 might be better than the FFQ-87 for assessing dietary intake of lignans, although the correlation was low.
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| 68. |
- Ljung, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-Demographic and Geographical Factors in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Mortality in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4, s. e62067-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSocio-demographic factors and area of residence might influence the development of esophageal and gastric cancer. Large-scale population-based research can determine the role of such factors.MethodsThis population-based cohort study included all Swedish residents aged 30–84 years in 1990–2007. Educational level, marital status, place of birth, and place of residence were evaluated with regard to mortality from esophageal or gastric cancer. Cox regression yielded hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounding.ResultsAmong 84 920 565 person-years, 5125 and 12 230 deaths occurred from esophageal cancer and gastric cancer, respectively. Higher educational level decreased the HR of esophageal cancer (HR = 0.61, 95%CI 0.42–0.90 in women, HR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.60–0.84 in men) and gastric cancer (HR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.63–1.03 in women, HR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.64–0.83 in men). Being unmarried increased HR of esophageal cancer (HR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.35–1.99 in women, HR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.50–1.80 in men), but not of gastric cancer. Being born in low density populated areas increased HR of gastric cancer (HR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.10–1.38 in women, HR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.25–1.50 in men), while no strong association was found with esophageal cancer. Living in densely populated areas increased HR of esophageal cancer (HR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.14–1.50 in women, HR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.29–1.51 in men), but not of gastric cancer.ConclusionThese socio-demographic inequalities in cancer mortality warrant efforts to investigate possible preventable mechanisms and to promote and support healthier lifestyles among deprived groups.
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| 69. |
- Lu, Yunxia, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive history and risk of small bowel cancer by histologic type : a population-based study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 23:12, s. 2041-2046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The male predominance of the two main histologic malignancies of the small bowel cancer may reflect a role of sex hormones which will be examined in this study. This was a nationwide population-based nested case-control study, based on a cohort of subjects born between 1932 and 2008, as identified in the Swedish Multi-Generation Register. For each case of small bowel cancer, 10 age- and sex-matched controls were randomly selected. Number of children and age at having the first child were analyzed in relation to the risk of small bowel cancer using conditional logistic regression, providing odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 632 female cases and 894 male cases of small bowel cancer were included. No overall increased risk of small bowel cancer was found in parous compared to non-parous women (OR = 1.02, 95 % CI 0.67-1.54). There was no association between age at first birth and small bowel cancer (> 30 years of age vs < 20 years; OR = 1.04, 95 % CI 0.72-1.50). No associations were detected in separate analyses of adenocarcinoma or carcinoid of the small bowel. No distinct risk patterns were discerned in men compared to women. Reproductive history does not seem to be associated with the risk of small bowel cancer, independent of histologic type.
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| 70. |
- Lundberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Stroke, and Mortality in Patients Who Undergo Gastric Bypass for Obesity Compared With Non-Operated Obese Patients and Population Controls.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of surgery. - 1528-1140. ; 277:2, s. 275-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate risks of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular-related and all-cause mortality after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for obesity compared with non-operated obese patients and matched non-obese population controls.Few studies have assessed the influence of RYGB on fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, and the results vary between studies.All patients aged 20-65 years with obesity diagnosis in the nationwide Swedish Patient Registry in 2001-2013 were included. These participants were divided into those who underwent RYGB within 2 years of obesity diagnosis (n=28,204) and non-operated (n=40,827), and were matched for age, sex, and region with two non-obese population controls. Participants were followed until onset of outcome disease, death, or end of follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Compared with non-operated patients with obesity, RYGB patients had a reduced risk of myocardial infarction (HR=0.44 [95% CI=0.28-0.63]), similar risk of ischemic stroke (HR=0.79 [95% CI=0.54-1.14]), and decreased risks of cardiovascular-related (HR=0.47 [95% CI=0.35-0.65]) and all-cause mortality (HR=0.66 [95% CI=0.54-0.81]) within the first 3 years of follow-up, but not later. Compared with non-obese population controls, RYGB patients had excess risks of ischemic stroke (HR=1.57 [95% CI=1.08-2.29]), cardiovascular-related mortality (HR=1.82 [95% CI=1.29-2.60]), and all-cause mortality (HR=1.42 [95% CI=1.16-1.74]), but not of myocardial infarction (HR=1.02 [95% CI=0.72-1.46]).RYGB for obesity might not decrease the risk of ischemic stroke, but seems to decrease the risk of myocardial infarction back to population levels.
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