| 51. |
- Karanti, Alina (Aikaterini), et al.
(författare)
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Changes in mood stabilizer prescription patterns in bipolar disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 195, s. 50-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lithium is a first line treatment option in bipolar disorder, but several alternative treatments have been introduced in recent years, such as antiepileptic and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Little is known about how this has changed the prescription patterns. We investigated possible changes in the use of mood stabilizers and antidepressants in Sweden during 2007-2013. Methods: Data was collected from Swedish registers: the National Quality Assurance Register for bipolar disorder (BipolaR), the Prescribed Drug Register, and the Patient Register. Logistic regression models with drug use as outcomes were used to adjust for confounding factors such as sex, age, year of registration, and subtypes of bipolar disorder. Results: In both bipolar subtypes, lithium use decreased steadily during the study period, while the use of lamotrigine and quetiapine increased. The use of valproate decreased in bipolar II disorder and the use of olanzapine decreased among women. The use of antidepressant remained principally unchanged but increased somewhat in bipolar I disorder. Limitations: We only report data from 2007 as the coverage of BipolaR prior to 2007 was too low to allow for reliable analyses. Conclusion: Significant changes in the prescription of drugs in the treatment of bipolar disorder have occurred in recent years in Sweden. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these changes alter the outcome in bipolar disorder. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 52. |
- Karanti, Alina (Aikaterini), et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder: A study of 7354 patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 174, s. 303-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gender differences in treatment that are not supported by empirical evidence have been reported in several areas of medicine. Here, the aim was to evaluate potential gender differences in the treatment for bipolar disorder. Methods: Data was collected from the Swedish National Quality Assurance Register for bipolar disorder (BipolaR). Baseline registrations from the period 2004-2011 of 7354 patients were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to study the impact of gender on interventions. Results: Women were more often treated with antidepressants, lamotrigine, electroconvulsive therapy, benzodiazepines, and psychotherapy. Men were more often treated with lithium. There were no gender differences in treatment with mood stabilizers as a group, neuroleptics, or valproate. Subgroup analyses revealed that ECT was more common in women only in the bipolar l subgroup. Contrariwise, lamotrigine was more common in women only in the bipolar II subgroup. Limitations: As BipolaR contains data on outpatient treatment of persons with bipolar disorder in Sweden, it is unclear if these Findings translate to inpatient care and to outpatient treatment in other countries. Conclusions: Men and women with bipolar disorder receive different treatments in routine clinical settings in Sweden. Gender differences in level of functioning, bipolar subtype, or severity of bipolar disorder could not explain the higher prevalence of pharmacological treatment, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychotherapy in women. Our results suggest that clinicians' treatment decisions are to some extent unduly influenced by patients' gender. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 53. |
- Kegel, Magdalena E., et al.
(författare)
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Kynurenic acid and psychotic symptoms and personality traits in twins with psychiatric morbidity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 247, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased cytokines and kynurenic acid (KYNA) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate cytokines and kynurenines in the CSF of twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and to study these CSF markers in relation to psychotic symptoms and personality traits. CSF levels of tryptophan (TRP), KYNA, quinolinic acid (QUIN), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed in 23 twins with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and in their not affected co-twins. Ratings of psychotic symptoms and personality traits were made using the Scales for Assessment of Negative and Positive symptoms, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV - Axis II Disorders, and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief. A total score for psychotic symptoms and personality traits was constructed for analysis. CSF KYNA was associated with the score for psychotic symptom and personality traits. TNF-α and IL-8 were associated, and the intra-pair differences scores of TNF-α and IL-8 were highly correlated. Intraclass correlations indicated genetic influences on CSF KYNA, TRP, IL-8 and TNF-α. The association between KYNA and psychotic symptoms further supports a role of KYNA in psychotic disorders.
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| 54. |
- Kong, Xiang-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 115:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (n = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
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| 55. |
- Kyaga, S., et al.
(författare)
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Bipolar disorder and leadership - a total population study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 131:2, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo investigate whether persons with bipolar disorder and their siblings have leadership traits and are overrepresented in executive professions. MethodA nested case-control study based on longitudinal Swedish total population registries. Data from officer suitability interviews (n=1126519), and information on occupations were collected. Bipolar patients (n=68915) and their healthy siblings were compared with controls. ResultsBipolar patients without comorbidity (pure; n=22980) were overrepresented in both the highest and lowest strata of officer suitability; their healthy siblings in the highest strata only. Patients with pure bipolar disorder were underrepresented in executive professions, whereas their siblings were overrepresented in these professions (particularly political professions). Patients with general bipolar disorder (including those with comorbidities) and their healthy siblings were overrepresented only in the lowest strata of officer suitability ratings. General bipolar patients were underrepresented in executive professions, whereas their siblings had similar rates of executive professions as controls. Adjusting results for IQ slightly attenuated point estimates, but resulted in pure bipolar patients and their siblings no longer being significantly overrepresented in superior strata of officer suitability, and siblings no longer being overrepresented in executive professions. ConclusionResults support that traits associated with bipolar disorder are linked to superior leadership qualities.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Landén, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Response to Ostacher et al.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The American journal of psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 172:6, s. 586-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 60. |
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