| 731. |
- Huang, Yanyan, et al.
(författare)
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Perpetuation and reassortment of gull influenza A viruses in Atlantic North America
- 2014
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Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 456-457, s. 353-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gulls are important hosts of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) and gull AIVs often contain gene segments of mixed geographic and host lineage origins. In this study, the prevalence of AIV in gulls of Newfoundland, Canada from 2008 to 2011 was analyzed. Overall prevalence was low (30/1645, 1.8%) but there was a distinct peak of infection in the fall. AIV seroprevalence was high in Newfoundland gulls, with 50% of sampled gulls showing evidence of previous infection. Sequences of 16 gull AIVs were determined and analyzed to shed light on the transmission, reassortment and persistence dynamics of gull AIVs in Atlantic North America. Intercontinental and waterfowl lineage reassortment was prevalent. Of particular note were a wholly Eurasian AIV and another with an intercontinental reassortant waterfowl lineage virus. These patterns of geographic and inter-host group transmission highlight the importance of characterization of gull AIVs as part of attempts to understand global AIV dynamics.
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| 732. |
- Höglinger, Günter U, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy : The movement disorder society criteria
- 2017
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 32:6, s. 853-864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: PSP is a neuropathologically defined disease entity. Clinical diagnostic criteria, published in 1996 by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/Society for PSP, have excellent specificity, but their sensitivity is limited for variant PSP syndromes with presentations other than Richardson's syndrome. Objective: We aimed to provide an evidence- and consensus-based revision of the clinical diagnostic criteria for PSP. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, and PSYCInfo databases for articles published in English since 1996, using postmortem diagnosis or highly specific clinical criteria as the diagnostic standard. Second, we generated retrospective standardized clinical data from patients with autopsy-confirmed PSP and control diseases. On this basis, diagnostic criteria were drafted, optimized in two modified Delphi evaluations, submitted to structured discussions with consensus procedures during a 2-day meeting, and refined in three further Delphi rounds. Results: Defined clinical, imaging, laboratory, and genetic findings serve as mandatory basic features, mandatory exclusion criteria, or context-dependent exclusion criteria. We identified four functional domains (ocular motor dysfunction, postural instability, akinesia, and cognitive dysfunction) as clinical predictors of PSP. Within each of these domains, we propose three clinical features that contribute different levels of diagnostic certainty. Specific combinations of these features define the diagnostic criteria, stratified by three degrees of diagnostic certainty (probable PSP, possible PSP, and suggestive of PSP). Clinical clues and imaging findings represent supportive features. Conclusions: Here, we present new criteria aimed to optimize early, sensitive, and specific clinical diagnosis of PSP on the basis of currently available evidence.
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| 733. |
- Idavain, J., et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory symptoms, asthma and levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in schoolchildren in the industrial areas of Estonia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 650:Pt 1, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Exposure to air pollutants in the ambient environment has been associated with various respiratory symptoms, and with increased asthma diagnosis, in both children and adults. Most research to date has focussed on core pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2, and less attention has been given to the effects of industry-specific contamination. The current study aimed to examine the associations between respiratory symptoms, asthma, increased levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (as a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation) and ambient levels of industrial pollutants (such as benzene, phenol, formaldehyde and non-methane hydrocarbons) for schoolchildren living near oil shale industries in Ida-Viru County, Estonia.METHODS: A total of 1326 schoolchildren from Ida-Viru, Lääne-Viru and Tartu Counties participated in a cross-sectional study, consisting of questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and asthma, as well as clinical examinations to measure FeNO. Dispersion modelling was used to characterize individual-level exposure to industrial air pollutants at each subject's home address. Associations between exposure and respiratory health were investigated using logistic regression analysis, and differences in results between regions were analysed using the Chi-squared test.RESULTS: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05) in children living near (i.e. within 5 km) of an oil shale industry site in Ida-Viru County was 2-4 times higher than in children living in the reference area of Tartu County. Children exposed to 1 μg/m3 higher levels of benzene and formaldehyde had a higher odds ratio (OR) of having rhinitis without a cold (OR 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.06), of ever having had attacks of asthma (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and of having a dry cough a few days per year (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10). Children exposed to 1 μg/m3 higher levels of benzene, formaldehyde, phenol and non-methane hydrocarbons had a higher odds ratio of having high FeNO levels (≥30 ppb): OR and 95% CI of 1.05, 1.01-1.09; 1.22, 1.06-1.41; 1.01, 1.00-1.01; and 1.75, 1.75-2.62, respectively.
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| 734. |
- Iles, Mark M., et al.
(författare)
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A variant in FTO shows association with melanoma risk not due to BMI
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:4, s. 428-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of an association study of melanoma that is based on the genome-wide imputation of the genotypes of 1,353 cases and 3,566 controls of European origin conducted by the GenoMEL consortium. This revealed an association between several SNPs in intron 8 of the FTO gene, including rs16953002, which replicated using 12,313 cases and 55,667 controls of European ancestry from Europe, the USA and Australia (combined P = 3.6 x 10(-12), per-allele odds ratio for allele A = 1.16). In addition to identifying a new melanomasusceptibility locus, this is to our knowledge the first study to identify and replicate an association with SNPs in FTO not related to body mass index (BMI). These SNPs are not in intron 1 (the BMI-related region) and exhibit no association with BMI. This suggests FTO's function may be broader than the existing paradigm that FTO variants influence multiple traits only through their associations with BMI and obesity.
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| 735. |
- Issa, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Chad: clinical and genetic surveillance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundArtesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) are the currently recommended first-and second-line therapies for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections in Chad. This study assessed the efficacy of these artemisinin-based combinations, proportion of day 3 positive patients, proportions of molecular markers associated with P. falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs and variable performance of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).MethodsA single-arm prospective study assessing the efficacy of AS-AQ and AL at three sites (Doba, Kelo and Koyom) was conducted between November 2020 to January 2021. Febrile children aged 6 to 59 months with confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum infection were enrolled sequentially first to AS-AQ and then AL at each site and followed up for 28 days. The primary endpoint was PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). Samples collected on day 0 were analysed for mutations in pfkelch13, pfcrt, pfmdr-1, pfdhfr, pfdhps genes and deletions in pfhrp2/pfhrp3 genes.ResultsBy the end of 28-day follow-up, per-protocol PCR corrected ACPR of 97.8% (CI 95% 88.2-100) in Kelo and 100% in Doba and Kayoma were observed among AL treated patients. For ASAQ, 100% ACPR was found in all sites. All, but one patient, did not have parasites detected on day 3. Out of the 215 day 0 samples, 96.7% showed pfkelch13 wild type allele. Seven isolates carried nonsynonymous mutations not known to be associated artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R). Most of samples had a pfcrt wild type allele (79% to 89%). The most prevalent pfmdr-1 allele detected was the single mutant 184F (51.2%). For pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations, the quintuple mutant allele N51I/C59R/S108N + G437A/540E responsible for SP treatment failures in adults and children was not detected. Single deletion in the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene were detected in 10/215 (4.7%) and 2/215 (0.9%), respectively. Dual pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions, potentially threatening the efficacy of HRP2-based RDTs, were observed in 5/215 (2.3%) isolates.ConclusionThe results of this study confirm that AS-AQ and AL treatments are highly efficacious in study areas in Chad. The absence of known pfkelch13 mutations in the study sites and the high parasite clearance rate at day 3 suggest the absence of ART-R. The absence of pfdhfr/pfdhps quintuple or sextuple (quintuple + 581G) mutant supports the continued use of SP for IPTp during pregnancy. The presence of parasites with dual pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions, potentially threatening the efficacy of HRP2-based RDTs, warrants the continued surveillance.Trial registration ACTRN12622001476729ConclusionThe results of this study confirm that AS-AQ and AL treatments are highly efficacious in study areas in Chad. The absence of known pfkelch13 mutations in the study sites and the high parasite clearance rate at day 3 suggest the absence of ART-R. The absence of pfdhfr/pfdhps quintuple or sextuple (quintuple + 581G) mutant supports the continued use of SP for IPTp during pregnancy. The presence of parasites with dual pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions, potentially threatening the efficacy of HRP2-based RDTs, warrants the continued surveillance.Trial registration ACTRN12622001476729
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| 736. |
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| 737. |
- Jastrzebski, Miroslaw, et al.
(författare)
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Geochronology, petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Visean igneous rocks in the Central Sudetes, northeastern Bohemian Massif
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 316-317, s. 385-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) UPb zircon geochronologic data, whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data, and zircon and quartz Ύ18O isotopic data from the Staré Město granitoids (SMG), Jawornik granitoids (JG), and Kłodzko-Złoty Stok granitoids (KZSG) and associated mafic and ultramafic rocks are examined. This study provides new insights into the processes of magma generation, transport and emplacement during the Variscan development of the contact zone of the Saxothuringia, Teplá-Barrandia and Brunovistulia in the Central European portion of the Variscan belt. The results of this study, combined with existing geochemical and isotopic data, imply that the parental magmas of these intrusions share a close affinity and suggest that these intrusions formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting. The SMG, JG and KZSG magmas represent hybrids that formed from the contamination of partial melts from the lower crust and/or subducted sediments with various proportions of enriched mantle-derived melts. These mainly sheeted plutons intruded along the main geological boundaries during the Visean and recorded the vertical and lateral displacements between the major tectono-stratigraphic units (microplates) in the NE Bohemian Massif. In the Central Sudetes, these granitoid magmas were first emplaced along the northern continuation of the Moldanubian Zone. The SHRIMP UPb dating of zircons indicates that the SMG intruded the reactivated suture zone between the Brunovistulia and Saxothuringia at 344–341 Ma. Sills of the JG were emplaced between c. 347 and c. 334 Ma. The composite Kłodzko-Złoty Stok Pluton, which includes the KZSG and accompanying mafic enclaves and pyroxenite and lamprophyre dykes, was mainly emplaced at 340–333 Ma. The magmas of the KZSG possibly facilitated the final amalgamation of the Sudetic counterparts of the Teplá-Barrandia and Saxothuringia microplates during the orogenic uplift of the latter. Petrologic and oxygen isotopic data further indicate partial post-magmatic hydrothermal and/or alteration processes. Our new data further stress the connection of magma transfer and active shear zones, which could manifest as crustal-scale magma-ascent conduits.
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| 738. |
- Kalia, Lorraine V, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Correlations With Lewy Body Pathology in LRRK2-Related Parkinson Disease.
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 72:1, s. 100-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of genetic Parkinson disease (PD) known to date. The clinical features of manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers are generally indistinguishable from those of patients with sporadic PD. However, some PD cases associated with LRRK2 mutations lack Lewy bodies (LBs), a neuropathological hallmark of PD. We investigated whether the presence or absence of LBs correlates with different clinical features in LRRK2-related PD.
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| 739. |
- Kaminsky, DA, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillation mechanics of the human lung periphery in asthma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 97:5, s. 1849-1858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To more precisely measure the mechanical properties of the lung periphery in asthma, we have developed a forced oscillation technique that applies a broad-band flow signal through a wedged bronchoscope. We interpreted the data from four healthy and eight mildly asthmatic subjects in terms of an anatomically accurate computer model of the wedged segment. There was substantial overlap in impedance between the two groups, with resistance ( R) showing minimal frequency dependence and elastance (E) showing positive and negative frequency dependence across subjects. After direct instillation of methacholine, R rose in both groups, but compared with healthy subjects, the asthmatic subjects displayed upward, parallel shifts in their dose-response curves. The baseline frequency-response patterns of E were enhanced after methacholine. Frequency dependencies of R and E were well reproduced in two normal subjects by a computational model that employed rigid airways connected to constant-phase tissue units but were better reproduced in the other two normal and three asthmatic subjects when the model employed heterogeneous, peripheral airway narrowing and compliant airways. To capture the frequency dependencies of R and E in the remaining five asthmatic subjects, the model was modified by increasing airway wall stiffness. These results indicate that the lung periphery of mildly asthmatic subjects is not well distinguished from that of healthy subjects by measurement of mechanical impedance at baseline, but group differences are seen after challenge with methacholine. Modeling of the response suggests that variable contributions of airway narrowing and wall compliance are operative in determining overall mechanical impedance of the lung periphery in humans with asthma, likely reflecting the functional consequences of airway inflammation and remodeling.
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| 740. |
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