| 21. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Diversity in e-Government Research : Moving the Field Forward
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : University of Hawai'i at Manoa. - 9780998133140 ; , s. 4828-4837
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas broad launch of public e-services ensures equal and homogenous treatment of citizens, citizen diversity is often set aside. By means of a literature study we describe how research has addressed diversity in the field of eGovernment. we analyzed the papers according to the following codes: group; application domain; unit of analysis; and technology in use or design. Results showed that the most common application domain was e-services with access and use as the most common units of analysis. The most frequently researched groups are based on classical socio-demographic variables such as economy, education and age. Also, the majority of papers discussed services in use. We conclude by suggesting that future research focuses underrepresented user groups; adds further granularity to the classical sociodemographic variables; identifies groups within groups; targets policies and policy implementation; and changes focus from use to development. We also call for conceptual clarity of the concept ‘diversity’.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Implementering av innovativa systemlösningar för hållbar dagvattenhantering
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet Klimatsäkrade systemlösningar för urbana ytor syftar till att stärka städers förmåga att hantera ökad urbanisering och förändrat klimat, bland annat genom att utveckla innovativa systemlösningar för dagvattenhantering. I detta delprojekt har hinder och utmaningar för implementering av innovativa systemlösningar i stadsutvecklingsprocesser identifierats genom intervjuer med sakkunniga teknikexperter samt tjänstepersoner från olika förvaltningar. Som komplement har Svenskt Vattens publikationer P105 (Svenskt Vatten, 2011) och P110 (Svenskt Vatten, 2016) som är branschstandard för dagvattenhantering, samt utvalda kommuners policydokument analyserats för att undersöka hur dessa förhåller sig till innovativa systemlösningar för dagvattenhantering. Teoretisk utgångspunkt har varit studier kring vad som påverkar utveckling och spridning av tekniska innovationssystem (Bergek, 2008; Hellsmark, Bergek, Hellström, & Malmquist, 2014) samt teorier om innovation i offentlig sektor (Mulgan, 2007; Mulgan, 2014; Nählinder, 2013; Nählinder & Fogelberg Eriksson, 2017). De främsta faktorer som har identifierats påverka implementering av systemlösningar för dagvattenhantering är innovationskultur, samverkan vid planering, kunskap och ekonomi. För att överbrygga dessa hinder har rekommendationer för hållbar dagvattenhantering och uppdaterade riktlinjer för utformning av dagvattenstrategi utvecklats. För att underlätta samverkan samt val av dagvattenlösning har även ett beslutsstöd utvecklats för att kunna användas i ett tidigt skede vid planering (Brisvåg, 2017).
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| 23. |
- Andersson Sjöland, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Versican in inflammation and tissue remodelling: the impact on lung disorders.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423 .- 0959-6658. ; 25:3, s. 243-251
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Versican is a proteoglycan that has many different roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. The biochemical structure is comprised of four different types of the core protein with attached glycosaminoglycans that can be sulphated to various extents and has the capacity to regulate differentiation of different cell types, migration, cell adhesion, proliferation, tissue stabilization and inflammation. Versican's regulatory properties are of importance during both homeostasis and changes that lead to disease progression. The glycosaminoglycans that are attached to the core protein are of the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate type and are known to be important in inflammation through interactions with cytokines and growth factors. For a more complex understanding of versican it is of importance to study the tissue niche, where the wound healing process in both healthy and diseased conditions take place. In previous studies our group has identified changes in the amount of the multifaceted versican in chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which could be a result of pathologic, transforming growth factor β driven, on-going remodelling processes. Reversely, the context of versican in its niche is of great importance since versican has been reported to have a beneficial role in other contexts e.g. emphysema. Here we explore the vast mechanisms of versican in healthy lung and in lung disorders.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andreassen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing occupational performance in special housing in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 25:6, s. 428-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Assessing occupational performance is commonly done by occupational therapists[OT] working in special housing in municipal elder care. Assessments should be relevant and evidence-based. Even so, we know little about how assessment of occupational performance is conducted in special housing.Aim: The aim of this study was to identify OTs’ use and perceptions of different methods to assess occupational performance for elderly clients living in special housing. Method: An email questionnaire was sent to OTs working in special housing in Sweden. Data was analyzed using descriptive and parametric statistics.Results: The findings, based on data from 660 respondents, showed that OTs regularly assessed occupational performance but did not use standardized assessment instruments or structured methods to any great extent. In general, OTs reported that they were not pleased with their ability to assess their clients; however, OTs with higher education and with responsibility for fewer clients were more pleased with their assessments and stated that they had more knowledge about assessment methods. Conclusion: To support OTs in using structured assessments of occupational performance in everyday practice, organization as well as structures in the work environment and educational development need to be taken into consideration.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Anton, Rikard, 1989-
(författare)
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Exponential integrators for stochastic partial differential equations
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) have during the past decades become an important tool for modeling systems which are influenced by randomness. Because of the complex nature of SPDEs, knowledge of efficient numerical methods with good convergence and geometric properties is of considerable importance. Due to this, numerical analysis of SPDEs has become an important and active research field.The thesis consists of four papers, all dealing with time integration of different SPDEs using exponential integrators. We analyse exponential integrators for the stochastic wave equation, the stochastic heat equation, and the stochastic Schrödinger equation. Our primary focus is to study strong order of convergence of temporal approximations. However, occasionally, we also analyse space approximations such as finite element and finite difference approximations. In addition to this, for some SPDEs, we consider conservation properties of numerical discretizations.As seen in this thesis, exponential integrators for SPDEs have many benefits over more traditional integrators such as Euler-Maruyama schemes or the Crank-Nicolson-Maruyama scheme. They are explicit and therefore very easy to implement and use in practice. Also, they are excellent at handling stiff problems, which naturally arise from spatial discretizations of SPDEs. While many explicit integrators suffer step size restrictions due to stability issues, exponential integrators do not in general.In Paper 1 we consider a full discretization of the stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise. We use a finite element method for the spatial discretization, and for the temporal discretization we use a stochastic trigonometric method. In the first part of the paper, we prove mean-square convergence of the full approximation. In the second part, we study the behavior of the total energy, or Hamiltonian, of the wave equation. It is well known that for deterministic (Hamiltonian) wave equations, the total energy remains constant in time. We prove that for stochastic wave equations with additive noise, the expected energy of the exact solution grows linearly with time. We also prove that the numerical approximation produces a small error in this linear drift.In the second paper, we study an exponential integrator applied to the time discretization of the stochastic Schrödinger equation with a multiplicative potential. We prove strong convergence order 1 and 1/2 for additive and multiplicative noise, respectively. The deterministic linear Schrödinger equation has several conserved quantities, including the energy, the mass, and the momentum. We first show that for Schrödinger equations driven by additive noise, the expected values of these quantities grow linearly with time. The exponential integrator is shown to preserve these linear drifts for all time in the case of a stochastic Schrödinger equation without potential. For the equation with a multiplicative potential, we obtain a small error in these linear drifts.The third paper is devoted to studying a full approximation of the one-dimensional stochastic heat equation. For the spatial discretization we use a finite difference method and an exponential integrator is used for the temporal approximation. We prove mean-square convergence and almost sure convergence of the approximation when the coefficients of the problem are assumed to be Lipschitz continuous. For non-Lipschitz coefficients, we prove convergence in probability.In Paper 4 we revisit the stochastic Schrödinger equation. We consider this SPDE with a power-law nonlinearity. This nonlinearity is not globally Lipschitz continuous and the exact solution is not assumed to remain bounded for all times. These difficulties are handled by considering a truncated version of the equation and by working with stopping times and random time intervals. We prove almost sure convergence and convergence in probability for the exponential integrator as well as convergence orders of ½ − ?, for all ? > 0, and 1/2, respectively.
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| 28. |
- Archambault, Alexi N., et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative Burden of Colorectal Cancer Associated Genetic Variants Is More Strongly Associated With Early-Onset vs Late-Onset Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 158:5, s. 1274-1286.e12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC, in persons younger than 50 years old) is increasing in incidence; yet, in the absence of a family history of CRC, this population lacks harmonized recommendations for prevention. We aimed to determine whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) developed from 95 CRC-associated common genetic risk variants was associated with risk for early-onset CRC.METHODS: We studied risk for CRC associated with a weighted PRS in 12,197 participants younger than 50 years old vs 95,865 participants 50 years or older. PRS was calculated based on single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CRC in a large-scale genome-wide association study as of January 2019. Participants were pooled from 3 large consortia that provided clinical and genotyping data: the Colon Cancer Family Registry, the Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study, and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium and were all of genetically defined European descent. Findings were replicated in an independent cohort of 72,573 participants.RESULTS: Overall associations with CRC per standard deviation of PRS were significant for early-onset cancer, and were stronger compared with late-onset cancer (P for interaction = .01); when we compared the highest PRS quartile with the lowest, risk increased 3.7-fold for early-onset CRC (95% CI 3.28-4.24) vs 2.9-fold for late-onset CRC (95% CI 2.80-3.04). This association was strongest for participants without a first-degree family history of CRC (P for interaction = 5.61 x 10(-5)). When we compared the highest with the lowest quartiles in this group, risk increased 4.3-fold for early-onset CRC (95% CI 3.61-5.01) vs 2.9-fold for late-onset CRC (95% CI 2.70-3.00). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with these findings.CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of associations with CRC per standard deviation of PRS, we found the cumulative burden of CRC-associated common genetic variants to associate with early-onset cancer, and to be more strongly associated with early-onset than late-onset cancer, particularly in the absence of CRC family history. Analyses of PRS, along with environmental and lifestyle risk factors, might identify younger individuals who would benefit from preventive measures.
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| 29. |
- Arneryd, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture strength of low translucent and high translucent monolithic zirconia crowns with different thicknesses
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 38:4, s. 195-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the fracture strength of fully anatomical monolithic high translucent Y-TZP, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, crowns and to compare them with monolithic low translucent Y-TZP crowns in different thicknesses. Materials and methods. 80 standardized crowns were made out of a master model resembling a first mandibular molar made in composite material; 40 crowns made of Lava Zirconia by 3M ESPE, a monolithic low translucent Y-TZP material, and 40 crowns made of Lava Plus by 3M ESPE, a monolithic high translucent Y-TZP material. In each group ten crowns of the thicknesses 1.0 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.3 mm were made. All crowns underwent thermocycling and preload to simulate aging and normal wear. Finally the specimens were placed in a testing jig and underwent load to fracture. Results. No significant difference was found when comparing the two materials. When comparing the materials in each thickness a significant difference was found in the 0.5 mm group where the high translucent YTZ-P had a higher mean fracture strength value. A significant difference was seen between the different thicknesses within both groups. The strength increased with added thicknesses. Conclusions. The low translucent and high translucent monolithic YTZ-P perform equally well. The use of high translucent monolithic Y-TZP could result in more aesthetic results and the minimal invasive preparation could lead to a reduction in biological complications. This could be beneficial for the patient since the results suggest that even a thin restoration sustains reasonable load in an in vitro environment. Clinical studies are needed to confirm this suggestion.
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| 30. |
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