| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Berg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Umbilical cord clamping in the early phases of the COVID-19 era - A systematic review and meta-analysis of reported practice and recommendations in guidelines
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 1878-3511. ; 137, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, delayed umbilical cord clamping (CC) at birth may have been commonly discouraged despite a lack of convincing evidence of mother-to-neonate SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We aimed to systematically review guidelines, reports of practice and to analyze associations between timing of cord clamping and mother-to-neonate SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the early phases of the pandemic.METHODS: Major databases were searched December 1, 2019 to July 20, 2021.INCLUSION: studies and guidelines describing cord clamping practice in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy until two postnatal days, giving birth to live born neonates.EXCLUSION: no extractable data. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and assessed study quality. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated.RESULTS: Forty-eight studies (1476 neonates) and 40 guidelines were included. Delayed CC was recommended in 70.0% of the guidelines. Nevertheless, delayed CC was reported less often than early CC: 262/1476 (17.8%) vs. 511/1476 (34.6%). Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were similar following delayed (1.2%) and early CC (1.3%). Most SARS-CoV-2 transmissions (93.3%) occurred in utero.CONCLUSION: Delayed CC did not seem to increase mother-to-neonate SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Due to its benefits, it should be encouraged even in births where the mother has a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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| 43. |
- Bergmann, Astrid, 1972-
(författare)
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Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and its Effects on the Respiratory System
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mechanical ventilation in itself can lead to pulmonary damage, and one-lung ventilation (OLV), necessary for thoracic surgery, accentuates this injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) is a potential tool to reduce lung injury after mechanical ventilation, including OLV. However, current data on pulmonary RIP-effects are contradictory. Therefore, the overall purpose of this Ph.D. project was to assess the effects of RIP on the respiratory system. In Study I, in healthy spontaneously breathing volunteers, oxygenation was impaired early after RIP, which was possibly induced by transient ventilation-perfusion inequality. Studies II, III, and IV were performed in a porcine OLV model. In Study II, we found that RIP possibly enhances alveolar injury, but attenuates the immune response. In Study III, we confirmed that an immune response to RIP takes place, which shows a different time pattern in each cytokine, depending on the site of measurement as well. In Study IV, we studied the porcine model for eight hours and found that RIP improved oxygenation after two hours of OLV and impeded the decline of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) during and after OLV. These findings indicate that RIP mitigates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV).In summary, RIP has a complex effect on the respiratory system, which partly explains the previous contradictory findings.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bertoni, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Value of Sub-System Technologies including Life Cycle Alternatives - an aerospace investigation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing. - : Springer. - 9783642196911 ; , s. 669-674
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging from an industrial case study in the aerospace industry, the paper proposes an approach to evaluate sub- system technology concepts from a life cycle perspective. The approach is composed by 5 main phases that aims to drive product designers towards more value-oriented design decisions. It is shown how different life cycle alternatives, such as the selling of a Product-Service-System instead of a traditional product, deeply impact the value of design alternatives. The described approach has been developed in collaboration with industrial partners and represents a potential instrument to enhance value-driven product design.
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| 47. |
- Bertoni, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Modeling for Lifecycle Performance Assessment in Aerospace Design
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 47, s. 335-340, s. 335-340
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to present an approach for the multidisciplinary evaluation of alternative modular concepts in preliminary design with the intent of enhancing engineers’ capability to simulate alternative scenarios with different design configurations, so to derive decisions about the most valuable design concepts to further develop. The research contribution is novel in the way that it expands the Set-Based-Engineering approach by addressing the “servitization” challenge in two ways: firstly by the use of value models and sustainability models as decision making support, making possible a preliminary assessment of the value contribution and of the sustainability performances of a design concept; secondly, by the use of functional modelling modules and configurable systems elements for platform-based design, to manage the complex relationships within and between parts of the platform throughout the lifecycle. The paper presents the main features of the approach and introduces an industrial case concerning the development of a module component for an aircraft engine in which the approach is applied for demonstration. The paper finally elaborates on the benefits and implications of the approach in the design process.
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| 48. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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A methodology for KEE systems target cascading
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering - TMCE 2008. - : Delft University of Technology. - 9789051550443
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this paper is to present a methodology developed within the European Project VIVACE to guide the design and implementation of a Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) system in a Virtual Enterprise. The proposed methodology tries to overcome some of the limitations which characterise traditional methods for Target Cascading, promoting a more collaborative and iterative approach to derive system specifications (in terms of advanced knowledge functionalities) from initial high-level targets. Social and behavioural aspects of Knowledge Management play a crucial role when many different users, knowledge experts, and process owners are involved in the Knowledge Management System (KMS) development. A well designed methodology is needed, therefore, to enhance communication and information sharing among design teams, to promote requirements merging and to take care both of the technological and behavioural aspects of the implementation. Initial business targets have been step-by-step decomposed into a set of sub-problems (Service Requirements, Knowledge Issues, and Knowledge Challenges) in the form of simple sentences in natural language. Then Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrixes have been used to identify the set of functionalities to be implemented in the system, addressing the most important knowledge-related problems outlined in the cascading activity.
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| 49. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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A methodology for KEE systems target cascading
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tools and methods of competitive engineering. - Delft : Delft university of technology. - 9789051550443 - 9051550448 - 9789051550450
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 50. |
- Bjerselius, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Persistenta organiska miljöföroreningar i fisk från Östersjöregionen 2000-2002
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) are still an environmental problem in Sweden, although the use and production of PCBs have been banned for decades and the release of PCDD/DFs have decreased significantly. In general, the concentrations in food have declined since the 1970s. However, in fish from some parts of the Baltic Sea, the decline of PCBs and PCDD/DFs appears to have ceased in the 1990s (Bignert, 2002). For risk assessment purposes, the Swedish National Food Administration has conducted a fish survey 2000-2002 of levels of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs), PCBs, PCDD/DFs and persistent pesticides, in fish from the Baltic Sea region. Also polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), ubiquitously used flame retardants, have been added to this list because of results suggesting the PBDE group as candidate for a new environmental hazard. The aim is to get relevant data to be used in the continuous evaluation of the dietary recommendations and to follow changes in the levels of these environmental contaminants in fish. The ambition is to use the data as a basis for intake estimations for human body burdens and compare with internationally established tolerable weekly intakes (TWI). In addition, in November 2001, the European Commission (EC) published legislation aimed at achieving a reduction in human exposure to PCDD/DFs and PCBs (Council Regulation 2375/01/EC). One of the strategies to reduce the human exposure for PCDD/DFs and dioxin-like PCBs has been to set maximum levels for PCDD/DFs in foodstuffs. Sweden and Finland currently have a derogation from the Council regulation that allows national marketing of fish that exceed the maximum level for PCDD/DF. The legislation came into force from 1 July 2002. The Council Regulation also carries with it an obligation for Member States to monitor the levels of dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/DFs in foodstuffs and to report the levels to the EC. These data will ultimately be used to both review the maximum limits and measure the effectiveness of the reduction strategy and set new maximum limits. For example, during 2004 the Commission is planning to set maximum levels for dioxin-like PCBs based on reported background levels from the member states. The following report includes results from parts of the sampling carried out in the Baltic Sea area in 2000-2002. Only results of PCBs, persistent pesticides, PBDEs and HBCD are reported here. The corresponding PCDD/DF levels are reported on www.slv.se in three interim reports.
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