| 61. |
- Crippa, Alessio, et al.
(författare)
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Red and processed meat consumption and risk of bladder cancer : a dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 57:2, s. 689-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Several epidemiological studies have analyzed the associations between red and processed meat and bladder cancer risk but the shape and strength of the associations are still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the potential association between red and processed meat and bladder cancer risk.METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed database through January 2016 and reviewing the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Results were combined using random-effects models.RESULTS: Five cohort studies with 3262 cases and 1,038,787 participants and 8 cases-control studies with 7009 cases and 27,240 participants met the inclusion criteria. Red meat was linearly associated with bladder cancer risk in case-control studies, with a pooled RR of 1.51 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13, 2.02) for every 100 g increase per day, while no association was observed among cohort studies (P heterogeneity across study design = 0.02). Based on both case-control and cohort studies, the pooled relative risk (RR) for every 50 g increase of processed meat per day was 1.20 (95% CI 1.06, 1.37) (P heterogeneity across study design = 0.22).CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that processed meat may be positively associated with bladder cancer risk. A positive association between red meat and risk of bladder cancer was observed only in case-control studies, while no association was observe in prospective studies.
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| 62. |
- Donat-Vargas, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary phosphate is associated with cardiovascular disease incidence.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 294:3, s. 358-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire-estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical, a population-based cohort study. At baseline (2004-2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register-linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5-95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40-3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92-1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148-1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = -0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)-independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077).CONCLUSION: Higher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
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| 63. |
- Drca, Nikola, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial fibrillation is associated with different levels of physical activity levels at different ages in men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 100:13, s. 1037-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study examines the influence of physical activity at different ages and of different types, on the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large cohort of Swedish men. Methods Information about physical activity was obtained from 44 410 AF-free men, aged 45-79 years (mean age=60), who had completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline in 1997. Participants reported retrospectively their time spent on leisure-time exercise and on walking or bicycling throughout their lifetime (at 15, 30 and 50 years of age, and at baseline (mean age=60)). Participants were followed-up in the Swedish National Inpatient Register for ascertainment of AF. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) with 95% CIs, adjusted for potential confounders. Results During a median follow-up of 12 years, 4568 cases of AF were diagnosed. We observed a RR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.36) of developing AF in men who at the age of 30 years had exercised for >5 h/week compared with <1 h/week. The risk was even higher (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.95) among the men who exercised >5 h/week at age 30 and quit exercising later in life (<1 h/week at baseline). Walking/bicycling at baseline was inversely associated with risk of AF (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.97 for >1 h/day vs almost never) and the association was similar after excluding men with previous coronary heart disease or heart failure at baseline (corresponding RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.998). Conclusions Leisure-time exercise at younger age is associated with an increased risk of AF, whereas walking/bicycling at older age is associated with a decreased risk.
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| 64. |
- Drca, Nikola, et al.
(författare)
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Elite female endurance athletes are at increased risk of atrial fibrillation compared to the general population : a matched cohort study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 57:18, s. 1175-1179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have found that endurance sport activity is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in men. However, it remains unclear whether endurance sports also influence the risk of AF in women. We aimed to examine whether participation in endurance sports may affect the risk of AF in female athletes.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study of top Swedish female endurance athletes (n=228) and reference individuals (n=1368) from the general population using the Swedish Total Population Register individually matched with a 6:1 ratio of female athletes. The athlete cohort was created by combining all Swedish women who ran the Stockholm Marathon faster than 3 hours 15 min in any of the races between 1979 and 1991, all women competing in the Swedish athletic national championships in the 10 000 metre race, and the top-ranked Swedish cyclists during the same period. We used the National Patient Register to determine whether the participants were diagnosed with AF.RESULTS: Mean age at the start of follow-up was 32 (SD±8.5) years. During follow-up (mean 28.8 years; SD±4.4), 33 cases of AF were diagnosed, including 10 (4.4%) among athletes and 23 (1.7%) among references. The HR for female athletes compared with the reference population was 2.56 (95% CI 1.22 to 5.37) in the univariable model and 3.67 (95% CI 1.71 to 7.87) after adjustment for hypertension.CONCLUSION: Elite female endurance athletes are at increased risk of AF than the general population.
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| 65. |
- Drca, Nikola, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational physical activity is associated with risk of atrial fibrillation in both men and women : a population-based cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Cardiologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-5385 .- 1784-973X .- 0373-7934. ; 76:7, s. 712-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Previous studies have found that excessive sport activities are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether occupational physical activity (OPA) increases the risk for AF is not well studied. We aimed to examine whether OPA influences the risk of AF.Methods: 80,922 men and women, free from AF, completed in 1997 a questionnaire about their OPA at that time (baseline), and also retrospectively in 1997 their OPA at the age of 30 and 50 years. Participants were categorised into three groups (low, medium and high) based on OPA load. Participants were followed-up in the Swedish National Patient Register for ascertainment of AF. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounders.Results: 11,614 cases of AF were diagnosed during follow-up time of up to 17 years. We observed an increased risk of AF in relation to increased load of OPA regardless of age. Compared with men who reported a low load of OPA, the multivariable RR (95% CI) for men with a high load was 1.10 (1.03-1.17) at 30 years, 1.11 (1.04-1.17) at 50 years and 1.19 (1.10-1.29) at baseline. The results for women were similar with multivariable RR of 1.16 (1.06-1.27) at 30 years, 1.14 (1.05-1.24) at 50 years and 1.11 (0.99-1.24) at baseline.Conclusion: These findings suggest that high load of OPA previous in life may play a role in increasing the risk for AF in both men and women.
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| 66. |
- Drca, Nikola, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged and elderly women
- 2015
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 101:20, s. 1627-1630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have found that regular participation in intense physical activity increases the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) in men, but it remains unclear how physical activity influences the risk of AF in women. We aimed to examine whether physical activity of different types and at different ages influences the development of AF in women.METHODS: In the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, information about physical activity was obtained from 36 513 AF-free women (49-83 years old, median age 60 years) who had completed a questionnaire at study entry (1997). Participants reported their time spent on leisure-time exercise and on walking or bicycling throughout their lifetime (at study entry, and at 30 and 50 years of age). We used the Swedish National Inpatient Register (IPR) to determine whether the participants were diagnosed with AF. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) with 95% CI, adjusted for potential confounders.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12 years (10th percentile 7.5 years, 90th percentile 12.0 years), 2915 cases of AF were diagnosed. The risk of AF decreased with increasing levels of leisure-time exercise at study entry (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.95 for ≥4 h/week vs <1 h/week) and walking/bicycling (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92, for ≥40 min/day vs almost never).CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of AF in women. Moderate amount of physical activity was sufficient to significantly reduce AF risk.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Eriksson, Charli, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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A research strategy case study of alcohol and drug prevention by non-governmental organizations
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 21:suppl 1, s. 242-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundAlcohol and drug prevention is high on the public health agenda in many countries. In Sweden in 2002 an innovative project portfolio including an integrated research and competence-building strategy for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) was designed by the National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW).MethodsThe embedded case study includes 135 projects in 69 organizations and 14 in-depth process or effect studies. The data in the case study has been compiled using multiple methods - administrative data; interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and seminars; and documentation of implementation; consultations with the NBHW and the NGOs; and a literature review. Annual reports have been submitted each year and three bi-national conferences Reflections on preventions have been held.ResultsA broad range of organizations have been included in the NBHW project portfolio. A minority of the project were run by Alcohol or drug organizations, while a majority has children or adolescents as target groups. In order to develop a trustful partnership between practitioners, national agencies and researchers a series of measures were developed and implemented: meeting with project leaders, project dialogues and consultations, competence strengthening, support to documentation, in-depth studies and national conferences. A common element was that the projects were program-driven and not research-driven interventions. The role of researchers as technical advisors was suitable for the fostering of a trustful partnership for research and development. The independence of the NGOs was regarded as important for the momentum in the project implementation. The research strategy also includes elements of participatory research.ConclusionsThis research strategy case study shows that it is possible to integrate research into alcohol and drug prevention programs run by NGOs, and thereby contribute to a more evidencebased practice. A core element is developing a trustful partnership between the researchers and the organizations. Moreover, the funding agency must acknowledge the importance of knowledge development and allocating resources to a research group that is capable of cooperating with practitioners and NGOs.
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| 69. |
- Fallerini, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 141:1, s. 147-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the presence of variants in each gene. An ensemble of LASSO logistic regression models was used to identify the most informative Boolean features with respect to the genetic bases of severity. The Boolean features selected by these logistic models were combined into an Integrated PolyGenic Score that offers a synthetic and interpretable index for describing the contribution of host genetics in COVID-19 severity, as demonstrated through testing in several independent cohorts. Selected features belong to ultra-rare, rare, low-frequency, and common variants, including those in linkage disequilibrium with known GWAS loci. Noteworthily, around one quarter of the selected genes are sex-specific. Pathway analysis of the selected genes associated with COVID-19 severity reflected the multi-organ nature of the disease. The proposed model might provide useful information for developing diagnostics and therapeutics, while also being able to guide bedside disease management.
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| 70. |
- Flam, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Authors' Response
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of intensive care medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1525-1489 .- 0885-0666. ; 52:1, s. 493-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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