| 51. |
- Michels, Leander, et al.
(författare)
-
Intercalation and Retention of Carbon Dioxide in a Smectite Clay promoted by Interlayer Cations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A good material for CO2 capture should possess some specific properties: (i) a large effective surface area with good adsorption capacity, (ii) selectivity for CO2, (iii) regeneration capacity with minimum energy input, allowing reutilization of the material for CO2 adsorption, and (iv) low cost and high environmental friendliness. Smectite clays are layered nanoporous materials that may be good candidates in this context. Here we report experiments which show that gaseous CO2 intercalates into the interlayer nano-space of smectite clay (synthetic fluorohectorite) at conditions close to ambient. The rate of intercalation, as well as the retention ability of CO2 was found to be strongly dependent on the type of the interlayer cation, which in the present case is Li1, Na1 or Ni21. Interestingly, we observe that the smectite Li-fluorohectorite is able to retain CO2 up to a temperature of 356C at ambient pressure, and that the captured CO2 can be released by heating above this temperature. Our estimates indicate that smectite clays, even with the standard cations analyzed here, can capture an amount of CO2 comparable to other materials studied in this context.
|
|
| 52. |
- Nilsson, Sigrid, 1997-
(författare)
-
Vasomotor Symptoms, Cardiovascular Risk and the Role of Physical Activity in Midlife Women
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The menopausal transition is, for most women, accompanied by hot flushes and night sweats (i.e., vasomotor symptoms, VMS). VMS has been associated with a worsened cardiovascular risk profile, but whether VMS constitutes an independent risk marker for developing subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is still uncertain. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) contributes more to systemic low-grade inflammation than abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), enhancing atherosclerosis development. Physical activity is an effective behavioral strategy to maintain and improve cardiovascular health. Whether a resistance training intervention (RTI) could reduce low-grade inflammation and VAT volume in postmenopausal women with VMS remains unclear, and whether the RTI-associated effects could be maintained over time requires further investigation.Material and Methods: This thesis is based on three studies. Study 1 was conducted on a subset of participants from the cross-sectional population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS), including women 50-64 years of age. The women underwent comprehensive cardiovascular assessments and completed an extensive female-specific questionnaire. VMS was assessed on a 4-point scale. Subclinical ASCVD was detected via coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), computed tomography (CT), and carotid ultrasound. Study 2 is a sub-study of 65 postmenopausal women with VMS and low physical activity, randomized to either three days/week of an RTI or unchanged physical activity for 15 weeks. Women underwent anthropometric measurements, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood sampling at baseline and after 15 weeks. During the last followup contact in Study 2 after two years, 35 women agreed to attend an additional clinic visit to reevaluate cardiovascular risk markers, marking the inception of Study 3.Results: Of 2995 women included in Study 1, 14.2% reported severe VMS (n = 425), 18.1% moderate VMS (n = 543), and 67.7% no or mild VMS (n = 2027). Current or previous severe VMS, but not moderate VMS, was significantly associated with CCTA-detected coronary atherosclerosis, with odds ratio (OR) before and after multivariable adjustment 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 – 1.72 and 1.33, 95% CI 1.02 – 1.72, respectively. This association was only present for >5 years durations of severe VMS or when the onset of severe VMS occurred before menopause. Adjustment for menopausal hormone therapy strengthened the association for women with severe VMS >5 years (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16 – 2.40). Women compliant with an RTI had compared to a control group (CG), decreased adiponectin (p < 0.01), ASAT (p < 0.01), VAT (p < 0.01), total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT) (p < 0.01) and fat ratio (p <0.001). Furthermore, an RTI reduced moderate to severe VMS frequency to six months post-intervention compared to a CG, but did neither contribute to preserved cardiovascular health markers nor improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after two years compared to a CG.Conclusions: There is a need for extra vigilance regarding cardiovascular risk factors in the group of women suffering from severe VMS. Implementing a 15-week RTI in these women could counteract the VAT redistribution and alter the frequency of moderate to severe VMS with maintained effects up to six months.
|
|
| 53. |
- Nordenhem, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
-
The complex between tPA and PAI-1 : risk factor for myocardial infarction as studied in the SHEEP project
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 116:3, s. 223-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:The tPA/PAI-1 complex seems to be an important biochemical marker for myocardial reinfarction. Therefore we explored the distribution, correlation and interaction of plasma concentrations of tPA/PAI-1 complex in all available patients and matched controls in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP).METHODS AND PATIENTS:The SHEEP study is a case control study of 2246 patients with a first myocardial infarction (MI), of which 1267 surviving patients were subjected to blood sampling about 3 months after MI and compared with a control group, matched for age, sex and living area within the Stockholm County. The study consists of 886 (591 men and 295 women) patients and 1198 (753 men and 445 women) matched controls, who were all analysed for plasma tPA/PAI-1 complex.RESULTS:The plasma concentration of tPA/PAI-1 complex was significantly associated with the risk for MI, for both genders. Synergistic interactions were observed in men for the co exposure to high plasma tPA/PAI-1 complex concentrations in combination with smoking (OR=4.6) or diabetes mellitus (OR=7.9). Synergism was also seen in combination with exposure to serum hypercholesterolemia or increased levels of apolipoprotein B. An antagonistic effect of the co exposure to high tPA/PAI-1 complex and hypertension was found among men with a similar tendency among women, but an antagonistic effect of increased waist/hip ratio was only observed among the women.CONCLUSIONS:Measuring the plasma concentration of tPA/PAI-1 complex might be of practical value in assessing risk of MI for both genders, especially in those who are smokers or in patients with manifest diabetes mellitus.
|
|
| 54. |
- Nystrom, Petter K., et al.
(författare)
-
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation : A Swedish, Prospective Cohort Study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We aimed to investigate whether different measures of obesity could similarly predict atrial fibrillation, and whether the atrial fibrillation risk associated with obesity is dependent on presence of metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods We performed our study in a population-based longitudinal cardiovascular study, comprising 1 924 men and 2 097 women, aged 60 years, from Stockholm. Body mass index, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter and components of metabolic syndrome (systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were recorded at baseline. Participants were classified by their body mass index (normal weight, overweight or obese), waist circumference (normal, semi-elevated or elevated), and according to presence of metabolic syndrome. Atrial fibrillation risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for common atrial fibrillation risk factors, expressed as HR and 95% CI. Results During a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 285 incident atrial fibrillation cases were recorded. One standard deviation increment of each obesity measure was associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk as: bodymass index 1.25 (1.12 - 1.40), waist circumference 1.35 (1.19 - 1.54) and sagittal abdominal diameter 1.28 (1.14 - 1.44). Compared to normal weight subjects without metabolic syndrome, increased atrial fibrillation risk was noted for overweight subjects with metabolic syndrome, 1.67 (1.16 - 2.41), obese subjects without metabolic syndrome, 1.75 (1.11 - 2.74) and obese subjects withmetabolic syndrome, 1.92 (1.34 - 2.74). Compared to subjects with normal waist circumference without metabolic syndrome, subjects with elevated waist circumference and metabolic syndrome suffered increased atrial fibrillation risk, 2.03 (1.44 - 2.87). Conclusions Body mass index, waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter could similarly predict atrial fibrillation. Obesity was associated with an increased atrial fibrillation risk regardless of metabolic syndrome, whereas overweight and elevated waist circumference was associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk only if metabolic syndrome was present.
|
|
| 55. |
- O'Keefe, James H., et al.
(författare)
-
Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk : A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - : American Heart Association. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 55:1, s. 50-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The effect of marine omega-3 PUFAs on risk of stroke remains unclear.METHODS:We investigated the associations between circulating and tissue omega-3 PUFA levels and incident stroke (total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic) in 29 international prospective cohorts. Each site conducted a de novo individual-level analysis using a prespecified analytical protocol with defined exposures, covariates, analytical methods, and outcomes; the harmonized data from the studies were then centrally pooled. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs across omega-3 PUFA quintiles were computed for each stroke outcome.RESULTS:Among 183 291 study participants, there were 10 561 total strokes, 8220 ischemic strokes, and 1142 hemorrhagic strokes recorded over a median of 14.3 years follow-up. For eicosapentaenoic acid, comparing quintile 5 (Q5, highest) with quintile 1 (Q1, lowest), total stroke incidence was 17% lower (HR, 0.83 [CI, 0.76–0.91]; P<0.0001), and ischemic stroke was 18% lower (HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.74–0.91]; P<0.0001). For docosahexaenoic acid, comparing Q5 with Q1, there was a 12% lower incidence of total stroke (HR, 0.88 [CI, 0.81–0.96]; P=0.0001) and a 14% lower incidence of ischemic stroke (HR, 0.86 [CI, 0.78–0.95]; P=0.0001). Neither eicosapentaenoic acid nor docosahexaenoic acid was associated with a risk for hemorrhagic stroke. These associations were not modified by either baseline history of AF or prevalent CVD.CONCLUSIONS:Higher omega-3 PUFA levels are associated with lower risks of total and ischemic stroke but have no association with hemorrhagic stroke.
|
|
| 56. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Apolipoprotein C-I genotype and serum levels of triglycerides, C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495. ; 59:12, s. 1736-1741
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apolipoprotein C-I (apoCI) is implicated in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response, both important risk factors for human heart disease. However, most findings come from in vitro or animal studies, whereas data on human apoCI are sparse. To elucidate the role of apoCI in human disease, we analyzed a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the apoCI gene in relation to blood lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), coronary artery disease (CAD), and myocardial infarction (MI). Rs11568822 is a 4-base pair insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism, and the Ins allele leads to a higher transcription in vitro compared with the Del allele. This polymorphism was analyzed in the Intergene study, a case-control study for CAD (N = 1236), and the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program, a case-control study for MI (N = 2774). Subjects homozygous for the Ins genotype had significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides (P = .01 and P = .006) and lower serum levels of CRP (P = .02 and P < .0001) compared with all other subjects in both studies. Similar results were obtained when analyzing only the controls of both studies (P = .002 and P = .0002, triglycerides; P = .002 and P < .0001, CRP). However, apoCI was not associated with CAD or MI. In conclusion, our data show that apoCI genotype is associated with serum levels of triglycerides and CRP, confirming the role of apoCI in lipid metabolism and suggesting that it also influences inflammation.
|
|
| 57. |
- Patel, Riyaz S., et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events : A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 is a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its effect on disease progression and subsequent events is unclear, raising questions about its value for stratification of residual risk.METHODS: A variant at chromosome 9p21 (rs1333049) was tested for association with subsequent events during follow-up in 103 357 Europeans with established CHD at baseline from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) Consortium (73.1% male, mean age 62.9 years). The primary outcome, subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction), occurred in 13 040 of the 93 115 participants with available outcome data. Effect estimates were compared with case/control risk obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) including 47 222 CHD cases and 122 264 controls free of CHD.RESULTS: Meta-analyses revealed no significant association between chromosome 9p21 and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline (GENIUSCHD odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.05). This contrasted with a strong association in CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18-1.22; P for interaction < 0.001 compared with the GENIUS-CHD estimate. Similarly, no clear associations were identified for additional subsequent outcomes, including all-cause death, although we found a modest positive association between chromosome 9p21 and subsequent revascularization (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09).CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to studies comparing individuals with CHD to disease-free controls, we found no clear association between genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and risk of subsequent acute CHD events when all individuals had CHD at baseline. However, the association with subsequent revascularization may support the postulated mechanism of chromosome 9p21 for promoting atheroma development.
|
|
| 58. |
- Patel, Riyaz S., et al.
(författare)
-
Subsequent Event Risk in Individuals With Established Coronary Heart Disease : Design and Rationale of the GENIUS-CHD Consortium
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease (GENIUS-CHD) consortium was established to facilitate discovery and validation of genetic variants and biomarkers for risk of subsequent CHD events, in individuals with established CHD.METHODS: The consortium currently includes 57 studies from 18 countries, recruiting 185 614 participants with either acute coronary syndrome, stable CHD, or a mixture of both at baseline. All studies collected biological samples and followed-up study participants prospectively for subsequent events.RESULTS: Enrollment into the individual studies took place between 1985 to present day with a duration of follow-up ranging from 9 months to 15 years. Within each study, participants with CHD are predominantly of self-reported European descent (38%-100%), mostly male (44%-91%) with mean ages at recruitment ranging from 40 to 75 years. Initial feasibility analyses, using a federated analysis approach, yielded expected associations between age (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.16) per 5-year increase, male sex (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21) and smoking (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51) with risk of subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction and differing associations with other individual and composite cardiovascular endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: GENIUS-CHD is a global collaboration seeking to elucidate genetic and nongenetic determinants of subsequent event risk in individuals with established CHD, to improve residual risk prediction and identify novel drug targets for secondary prevention. Initial analyses demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of a federated analysis approach. The consortium now plans to initiate and test novel hypotheses as well as supporting replication and validation analyses for other investigators.
|
|
| 59. |
- Peden, John F., et al.
(författare)
-
A genome-wide association study in Europeans and South Asians identifies five new loci for coronary artery disease
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 43:4, s. 339-344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified 11 common variants convincingly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)(1-7), a modest number considering the apparent heritability of CAD(8). All of these variants have been discovered in European populations. We report a meta-analysis of four large genome-wide association studies of CAD, with similar to 575,000 genotyped SNPs in a discovery dataset comprising 15,420 individuals with CAD (cases) (8,424 Europeans and 6,996 South Asians) and 15,062 controls. There was little evidence for ancestry-specific associations, supporting the use of combined analyses. Replication in an independent sample of 21,408 cases and 19,185 controls identified five loci newly associated with CAD (P < 5 x 10(-8) in the combined discovery and replication analysis): LIPA on 10q23, PDGFD on 11q22, ADAMTS7-MORF4L1 on 15q25, a gene rich locus on 7q22 and KIAA1462 on 10p11. The CAD-associated SNP in the PDGFD locus showed tissue-specific cis expression quantitative trait locus effects. These findings implicate new pathways for CAD susceptibility.
|
|
| 60. |
- Persson, Asa, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term exposure to transportation noise and obesity: A pooled analysis of eleven Nordic cohorts
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY. - 2474-7882. ; 8:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Available evidence suggests a link between exposure to transportation noise and an increased risk of obesity. We aimed to assess exposure-response functions for long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise, and markers of obesity. Methods:Our cross-sectional study is based on pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, including up to 162,639 individuals with either measured (69.2%) or self-reported obesity data. Residential exposure to transportation noise was estimated as a time-weighted average L-den 5 years before recruitment. Adjusted linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess beta coefficients and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for body mass index, overweight, and obesity, as well as for waist circumference and central obesity. Furthermore, natural splines were fitted to assess the shape of the exposure-response functions. Results:For road traffic noise, the OR for obesity was 1.06 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.08) and for central obesity 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.05) per 10 dB L-den. Thresholds were observed at around 50-55 and 55-60 dB L-den, respectively, above which there was an approximate 10% risk increase per 10 dB L-den increment for both outcomes. However, linear associations only occurred in participants with measured obesity markers and were strongly influenced by the largest cohort. Similar risk estimates as for road traffic noise were found for railway noise, with no clear thresholds. For aircraft noise, results were uncertain due to the low number of exposed participants. Conclusion:Our results support an association between road traffic and railway noise and obesity.
|
|
