| 1181. |
- Otto, Marcia C. de Oliveira, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acids : Results from the CHARGE Consortium
- 2018
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acids (OCSFA) have been associated with potential health benefits. Although some OCSFA (e.g., C15:0 and C17:0) are found in meats and dairy products, sources and metabolism of C19:0 and C23:0 are relatively unknown, and the influence of non-dietary determinants, including genetic factors, on circulating levels of OCSFA is not established.Objective: To elucidate the biological processes that influence circulating levels of OCSFA by investigating associations between genetic variation and OCSFA.Design: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of plasma phospholipid/erythrocyte levels of C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, and C23:0 among 11,494 individuals of European descent. We also investigated relationships between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the lactase (LCT) gene, associated with adult-onset lactase intolerance, with circulating levels of dairy-derived OCSFA, and evaluated associations of candidate sphingolipid genes with C23:0 levels.Results: We found no genome-wide significant evidence that common genetic variation is associated with circulating levels of C15:0 or C23:0. In two cohorts with available data, we identified one intronic SNP (rs13361131) in myosin X gene (MYO10) associated with C17:0 level (P = 1.37×10−8), and two intronic SNP (rs12874278 and rs17363566) in deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (DLEU1) region associated with C19:0 level (P = 7.07×10−9). In contrast, when using a candidate-gene approach, we found evidence that three SNPs in LCT (rs11884924, rs16832067, and rs3816088) are associated with circulating C17:0 level (adjusted P = 4×10−2). In addition, nine SNPs in the ceramide synthase 4 (CERS4) region were associated with circulating C23:0 levels (adjusted P<5×10−2).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that circulating levels of OCSFA may be predominantly influenced by non-genetic factors. SNPs associated with C17:0 level in the LCT gene may reflect genetic influence in dairy consumption or in metabolism of dairy foods. SNPs associated with C23:0 may reflect a role of genetic factors in the synthesis of sphingomyelin.
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| 1182. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(author)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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In: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 1183. |
- Persson, Ingemar, et al.
(author)
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2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes) for Carbon Capture
- 2019
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In: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 31:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global warming caused by burning of fossil fuels is indisputably one of mankinds greatest challenges in the 21st century. To reduce the ever-increasing CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere, dry solid adsorbents with large surface-to-volume ratio such as carbonaceous materials, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks have emerged as promising material candidates for capturing CO2. However, challenges remain because of limited CO2/N-2 selectivity and long-term stability. The effective adsorption of CO2 gas (approximate to 12 mol kg(-1)) on individual sheets of 2D transition metal carbides (referred to as MXenes) is reported here. It is shown that exposure to N-2 gas results in no adsorption, consistent with first-principles calculations. The adsorption efficiency combined with the CO2/N-2 selectivity, together with a chemical and thermal stability, identifies the archetype Ti3C2 MXene as a new material for carbon capture (CC) applications.
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| 1184. |
- Persson, J, et al.
(author)
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Altered brain white-matter integrity in non-demented carriers of the APOE ε4 allele: A risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
- 2006
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In: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 66:7, s. 1029-1033
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research has shown that polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) represent genetic risk factors for dementia and for cognitive impairment in the elderly. The neural mechanisms by which these genetic variations influence behavioral performance or clinical severity are not well understood. We used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate ultrastructural properties in brain white-matter to detect pathological processes that modify tissue integrity. Sixty participants were included in the study of which 30 were homozygous for the APOE ε3 allele, 10 were homozygous for the APOE ε4 allele, and 20 had the APOE ε34 allele combination. All individuals were non-demented, and the groups were matched on demographic variables and cognitive performance. The results showed a decline in fractional anisotropy, a marker for white-matter integrity, in the posterior corpus callosum of ε4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Additional sites of altered white-matter integrity included the medial temporal lobe. Conclusions: Although the mechanism underlying vulnerability of white matter tracts in APOE ε4 carriers is still unknown, our findings suggest that increased genetic risk for developing AD is associated with changes in microscopic white-matter integrity well before the onset of dementia.
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| 1185. |
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| 1186. |
- Persson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Sex-Specific Effects of Adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
- 2015
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 2047-9980. ; 4:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background-Plasma adiponectin levels have previously been inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we used a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization approach to investigate whether adiponectin has a causal protective influence on IMT. Methods and Results-Baseline plasma adiponectin concentrationwas tested for association with baseline IMT, IMT progression over 30 months, and occurrence of cardiovascular events within 3 years in 3430 participants (women, n=1777; men, n=1653) with high cardiovascular risk but no prevalent disease. Plasma adiponectin levels were inversely associated with baseline mean bifurcation IMT after adjustment for established risk factors (beta=-0.018, P<0.001) in men but not in women (beta=-0.006, P=0.185; P for interaction=0.061). Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with progression of mean common carotid IMT in men (beta=-0.0022, P=0.047), whereas no association was seen in women (0.0007, P=0.475; P for interaction=0.018). Moreover, we observed that adiponectin levels were inversely associated with coronary events in women (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.87) but not in men (hazard ratio 0.82,95% CI0.54 to 1.25). Agenescore of adiponectin-raisingalleles in6loci, reported recently inalarge multi-ethnic metaanalysis, was inversely associated with baseline mean bifurcation IMT in men (beta=-0.0008, P=0.004) but not in women (beta=-0.0003, P=0.522; P for interaction=0.007). Conclusions-This report provides some evidence for adiponectin protecting against atherosclerosis, with effects being confined to men; however, compared with established cardiovascular risk factors, the effect of plasma adiponectin was modest. Further investigation involving mechanistic studies is warranted.
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| 1187. |
- Persson, Karl-Magnus, et al.
(author)
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1/f-noise in Vertical InAs Nanowire Transistors
- 2013
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In: 2013 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM). - 1092-8669. ; , s. 1-2
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The material quality at high-k interfaces are a major concern for FET devices. We study the effect on two types of InAs nanowire (NW) transistors and compare their characteristics. It is found that by introducing an inner layer of Al2O3 at the high-kappa interface, the low frequency noise (LFN) performance regarding gate voltage noise spectral density, S-Vg, is improved by one order of magnitude per unit gate area.
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| 1188. |
- Persson, Karl-Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Performance of Vertical InAs Nanowire MOSFETs on Si Substrates
- 2013
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In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 0018-9383. ; 60:9, s. 2761-2767
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents DC and RF characterization as well as modeling of vertical InAs nanowire MOSFETs with LG = 200 nm and Al2O3/HfO2 high-κ dielectric. Measurements at VDS = 0.5 V show that high transconductance (gm = 1.37 mS/μm), high drive current (IDS = 1.34 mA/μm), and low on-resistance (RON = 287 Ωμm) can be realized using vertical InAs nanowires on Si substrates. By measuring the 1/f-noise, the gate area normalized gate voltage noise spectral density, SVG·LG·WG, is determined to be lowered one order of magnitude compared to similar devices with a high-κ film consisting of HfO2 only. Additionally, with a virtual source model we are able to determine the intrinsic transport properties. These devices (LG = 200 nm) show a high injection velocity (vinj = 1.7·107 cm/s) with a performance degradation for array FETs predominantly due to an increase in series resistance.
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| 1189. |
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| 1190. |
- Persson, Karl-Magnus, et al.
(author)
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InAs nanowire MOSFET differential active mixer on Si-substrate
- 2014
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In: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 50:9, s. 682-682
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An active single balanced down-conversion mixer is implemented using InAs nanowire metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) as both active devices and passive resistive loads. Circuits with 6 dB low-frequency voltage gain and a 3 dB bandwidth of 2 GHz are measured for a DC power consumption of 3.8 mW from a 1.5 V supply. The circuits are fabricated using contacts made with 12 μmline- width optical lithography.
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