| 111. |
- Tingström, Pia, 1960-
(författare)
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Problem-based learning in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: A well-informed patient is a prerequisite for adherence to lifestyle changes and drug treatments, which improve prognosis of CAD. Problem-based learning (PBL) is in line with principles of adult learning. The aim was to develop and evaluate a PBL rehabilitation programme for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.The PBL model: In the PBL programme, 6-9 patients and a tutor met ftrst at 9 (I), and after revision at 13 (III and IV) sessions during a one year period. Learning needs related to CAD, its treatment, psychosocial issues, and behavioural changes were focused upon.Subjects and methods: To validate the PBL programme, six tutors were interviewed, seven PBL groups were videotaped, and 44 other patients answered a questionnaire (I). To evaluate the validity of the MTI/CSA activity monitor, as a means of measuring physical activity intensity, 34 patients walked on a treadmill at three different speeds. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine energy expenditure (EE) (11). In order to evaluate the effects of the PBL programme (III and IV), 207 patients (55% of all eligible), were randomised to the PBL programme (n=104) or to a control group (n=103). All patients received standard therapy. Physical activity was measured by interview and by the activity monitor, and quality of life by the Ladder of Life, Self-rated Health, Cardiac Health Profile, and SF-36. All measurements were performed before randomisation and at the end of the programme.Results: The PBL-model could be incorporated into the clinical routine with a high participation rate. Initial problems with the tutor role and the structured problem-solving process in the group-work were revealed, which led to revision of the model. PBL stimulated participants to search actively for knowledge, while remaining to fmd demands adequate and being positive about the education. According to self-reports, lifestyle changes had been performed (I). The MTI/CSA activity monitor was a valid tool for quantifying both amount and intensity of physical activity during walking (II). The PBL programme did not affect physical activity. No increase in activity was found in any of the groups over the one year period Activity, as measured by the activity monitor, was lower than recommended in guidelines for secondary prevention (III). On the contrary, self-reports indicated higher and adequate physical activity. The PBL programme seemed to have positive effects on quality of life, as measured by global instruments. No effects were found on health-related or disease specific aspects of quality of life (IV).Conclusion: The PBL programme was feasible to run in clinical practice. Education of tutors was crucial and required time. The programme stimulated participants to become active learners. The PBL model had no effects on physical activity, but some effects on global quality of life. Physical activity remained unchanged and low in both groups, as measured by the activity monitor, which was a useful and reliable tool, while self-reports seemed to overestimate performed physical activity. Quality of life improved in both groups over the year. More data are needed to evaluate the usefulness of the PBL-model.
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| 112. |
- Tognon, Gianluca, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The Mediterranean diet score and mortality are inversely associated in adults living in the subarctic region.
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 142:8, s. 1547-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mediterranean diet has been widely promoted and may be associated with chronic disease prevention and a better overall health status. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Mediterranean diet score inversely predicted total or cause-specific mortality in a prospective population study in Northern Sweden (Västerbotten Intervention Program). The analyses were performed in 77,151 participants (whose diet was measured by means of a validated FFQ) by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for several potential confounders. The Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in men [HR = 0.96 (95% CI = 0.93, 0.99)] and women [HR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.91, 0.99)], although not in obese men. In men, but not in women, the score was inversely associated with total cancer mortality [HR = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.87, 0.98)], particularly for pancreas cancer [HR = 0.82 (95% CI = 0.68, 0.99)]. Cardiovascular mortality was inversely associated with diet only in women [HR = 0.90 (95% CI = 0.82, 0.99)]. Except for alcohol [HR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.90)] and fruit intake [HR = 0.90 (95% CI = 0.83, 0.98)], no food item of the Mediterranean diet score independently predicted mortality. Higher scores were associated with increasing age, education, and physical activity. Moreover, healthful dietary and lifestyle-related factors additively decreased the mortality likelihood. Even in a subarctic region, increasing Mediterranean diet scores were associated with a longer life, although the protective effect of diet was of small magnitude compared with other healthful dietary and lifestyle-related factors examined.
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| 113. |
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| 114. |
- Wennberg, Patrik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of commuting activity and occupational and leisure time physical activity on risk of myocardial infarction
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1741-8267 .- 1741-8275. ; 13:6, s. 924-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AB Background: Risk reduction of myocardial infarction has been shown for leisure time physical activity. The results of studies on occupational physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction are incongruous and studies on commuting activity are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate how commuting activity, occupational physical activity and leisure time physical activity were associated with risk of future first myocardial infarction.Design: We used a prospective incident case-referent study design nested in Vasterbotten Intervention Program and the Northern Sweden MONICA study.Methods: Commuting habits, occupational physical activity, leisure time physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed at baseline screening and compared in 583 cases (20% women) with a first myocardial infarction and 2098 matched referents.Results: Regular car commuting was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction versus commuting by bus, cycling or walking [odds ratio (OR) 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-2.52] after multivariate adjustment. High versus low leisure time physical activity was associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95) after adjustment for occupational physical activity and commuting activity, but the association was not statistically significant after further multivariate adjustment. After multivariate adjustment we observed a reduced risk for myocardial infarction in men with moderate (OR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98) or high (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42-1.08) versus low occupational physical activity.Conclusions: We found a clear association between car commuting and a first myocardial infarction and a corresponding inverse association with leisure time physical activity, while the impact of occupational physical activity on the risk of myocardial infarction was weaker. (C) 2006 European Society of Cardiology
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| 115. |
- Winkvist, Anna, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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More distinct food intake patterns among women than men in northern Sweden: a population-based survey.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nutrition journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 8:12, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The need to promote a healthy diet to curb the current obesity epidemic has today been recognized by most countries. A prerequisite for planning and evaluating interventions on dietary intake is the existence of valid information on long-term average dietary intake in a population. Few large, population-based studies of dietary intake have been carried out in Sweden. The largest to date is the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP), which was initiated in 1985, with data collection still ongoing. This paper reports on the first comprehensive analyses of the dietary data and presents dietary intake patterns among over 60,000 women and men in northern Sweden during 1992-2005. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2005, 71,367 inhabitants in Västerbotten county aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years visited their local health care center as part of the VIP. Participants of VIP filled in an 84- or 64-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and provided sociodemographic information. Complete and realistic information on consumption frequency was provided by 62,531 individuals. Food intake patterns were analyzed using K-means cluster analyses. RESULTS: The mean daily energy intake was 6,83 (+/- 1,77) MJ among women and 8,71 (+/- 2,26) MJ among men. More than half of both women and men were classified as Low Energy Reporters (defined as individuals reporting a food intake level below the lower 95% confidence interval limit of the physical activity level). Larger variation in frequency of daily intake was seen among women than among men for most food groups. Among women, four dietary clusters were identified, labeled "Fruit and vegetables", "High fat", "Coffee and sandwich", and "Tea and ice cream". Among men, three dietary clusters were identified, labeled "Fruit and vegetables", "High fat", and "Tea, soda and cookies". CONCLUSION: More distinct food intake patterns were seen among women than men in this study in northern Sweden. Due to large proportions of Low Energy Reporters, our results on dietary intake may not be suitable for comparisons with recommended intake levels. However, the results on food intake patterns should still be valid and useful as a basis for targeting interventions to groups most in need.
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| 116. |
- Åkesson, Marie-Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life and prospective caries development
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6831. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The present study was conducted to prospectively assess the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the development of dental caries in adults in northern Sweden. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to estimate HRQoL.Methods: Adults who had (i) participated in a population-based health screening in northern Sweden between 2003 and 2009 and had completed the SF-36 questionnaire, and (ii) received a dental check-up within 1 year (n = 15,615) were included in the study. Of these, 9,838 had a second caries examination 2-7 years after the baseline recording. Information regarding SF-36, lifestyle factors and medical conditions was retrieved by questionnaires, and anthropometric status and blood lipid levels were measured. The association between dental caries (outcome) and SF-36 scores (exposure) with the inclusion of potential confounders was analysed by linear and logistic regression.Results: Caries increment increased significantly with decreasing scores for both physical and mental dimensions of SF-36 in women, but no association was seen in men. However, lifelong caries experience (DMFS) increased linearly with decreasing physical HRQoL in both men and women; this was also observed for the single dimension of mental HRQoL. The crude odds ratio for being in the highest caries quintile compared to the lowest when having the poorest physical HRQoL compared with the best physical HRQoL was 1.88 (95 % CI: 1.54-2.3). Several factors were identified as potential confounders in the associations between DMFS and SF-36 scores, including education level, smoking, age, medications, higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and sugar intake. Except for education level and smoking, the effect sizes for the association between gradually decreasing SF-36 scores and increasing caries were generally moderate.Conclusions: Increased development of caries was associated with low physical HRQoL and some aspects of mental HRQoL. The mechanisms underlying these associations, which are likely confounded by both biological and lifestyle factors, remain to be elucidated. The study implies that, when possible, subjects with poor HRQoL would benefit from caries prevention measures meeting the underlying situation.
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