| 51. |
- Alvarado Mendoza, Paul, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological interface design inspired human machine interface for advanced driver assistance systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 5:1, s. 53-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and evaluation of an integrated advisory interface for several advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) is focused here. It was developed using an ecological interface design (EID) approach and was combined with the type of auditory warnings used in vehicles today to investigate multiple-staged warnings. The warning combination was evaluated using a fixed-base medium-fidelity driving simulator. The results suggest that the development of driver interfaces based on EID could benefit by being combined with the iterative nature of the user-centred design methods to make accurate assumptions on how the design is suitable for end-users in the context of use. Simulator results also show that participants drove with greater safety margins to lead vehicles and maintained better lateral positioning when driving with the interface, indicating that integrated multiple-staged warnings can have a positive effect on driver behaviour if correctly designed.
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| 52. |
- Anand, Aseem, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative imaging by automated bone scan index (BSI) as a response biomarker in standard clinical care of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with enzalutamide
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 33:7 Suppl, s. 288-288
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Enzalutamide (ENZ), an androgen receptor antagonist therapy, was approved for patients (pts) with mCRPC. However, in standard of care for mCRPC pts, change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) is not accepted as an efficacy response measurement and the radiological change is inadequately measured in an interpreter-dependent subjective analysis of bone scan. Therefore, an objective efficacy response biomarker is warranted. In this registry study, we evaluated BSI as a quantitative analysis of bone scintigraphy, to access response in mCRPC pts being treated with ENZ.Methods: Pts with mCRPC, at Skåne University Hospital (SUH), Sweden, who initiated treatment with ENZ after failing chemotherapy were eligible for the study. Primary objective was to associate the change in BSI and PSA, after 12 weeks (wks) of treatment with EZN, with overall survival (OS). Automated BSI generated by EXINI boneBSI platform is quantitative representation of tumor burden as a percent of total skeletal mass. Bivariate cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of BSI and PSA with OS.Results: Thirty-five pts, who initiated ENZ treatment at (SUH), were eligible for the BSI analysis. Follow-up scans for the BSI analysis were available from 24 pts. Median baseline BSI value was 2.92 (range: 0.0-11.72) and at follow-up the median BSI value was 2.83 (range: 0.0-12.65). OS was associated with BSI at both baseline and at follow-up as opposed to that of PSA (table 1). The change in BSI between baseline and follow-up was also significantly associated with OS, whereas the change in PSA was not.Conclusions: Automated BSI and its relative change were observed to be associated with OS in mCRPC pts receiving ENZ as standard of care treatment. The result deserves further validation, in controlled investigational studies, of BSI as a quantitative imaging biomarker indicative of efficacy response to second-line treatment in mCRPC pts.
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| 53. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Hyperhomocysteinemia and changed plasma thiol redox status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621. ; 39:3, s. 229-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced and total homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione and cysteinylglycine in plasma were investigated in 19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in 29 healthy subjects. The purpose was to examine the influence of pro-oxidant activity caused by the lung disease on the metabolism of homocysteine and other plasma thiols. We observed a decreased concentration of reduced glutathione and a decreased ratio of reduced/total glutathione in the patients compared to the healthy individuals, which supports the hypothesis of an association between free radicals and pathogenesis in some lung diseases. We also observed an increased total plasma homocysteine. The influence of a possible extracellular pro-oxidant activity on the concentration of total plasma homocysteine is discussed.
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| 54. |
- Andersson, Anders S, et al.
(författare)
-
Vitamin supplementation normalizes total plasma homocysteine concentration but not plasma homocysteine redox status in patients with acute coronary syndromes and hyperhomocysteinemia.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621. ; 40:6, s. 554-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the growing evidence that elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma is a cardiovascular risk factor, the mechanism underlying the vascular injury is still unknown. Studies are difficult due to the fact that little is known about the formation of different homocysteine species in vivo. In the present study we have investigated the different fractions of tHcy in 21 patients with acute coronary syndromes and elevated concentration of plasma tHcy. A subgroup of the patients (n=16) was investigated before and after a 3 months study period with or without vitamin supplementation (folic acid 5 mg, pyridoxine 40 mg and cyanocobalamin 1 mg once daily). A major finding is that these patients had a lowered ratio (0.95%) between the concentration of reduced homocysteine (HcyH) and tHcy compared to controls (1.38%). A low ratio HcyH/tHcy in plasma in combination with elevated plasma tHcy concentrations might reflect increased oxidative activity or decreased reducing capacity in plasma from the patients. Another main finding in the present study is that, although vitamin supplementation of these patients normalized plasma tHcy, the ratio between HcyH and tHcy did not normalize. Since substantial evidence indicates that progression of arteriosclerosis is related to enhanced oxidant activity, the premature vascular disease associated with increased plasma tHcy concentration might be due to increased oxidative activity and the elevated plasma tHcy concentration may only reflect the increased oxidative stress.
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| 55. |
- Andersson, C David, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of Ligands for ADP-Ribosyltransferases via Docking-Based Virtual Screening
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:17, s. 7706-7718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs) are an enzyme family that catalyses the transfer of ADP-ribose units onto substrate proteins, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as a co-substrate. They have a documented role in chromatin remodelling and DNA repair; and inhibitors of ARTD1 and 2 (PARP1 and 2) are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. The detailed function of most other ARTDs is still unknown. Using virtual screening we identified small ligands of ARTD7 (PARP15/BAL3) and ARTD8 (PARP14/BAL2). Thermal-shift assays confirmed that 16 compounds, belonging to eight structural classes, bound to ARTD7/ARTD8. Affinity measurements with isothermal titration calorimetry for two isomers of the most promising hit compound confirmed binding in the low micromolar range to ARTD8. Crystal structures showed anchoring of the hits in the nicotinamide pocket. These results form a starting point in the development of chemical tools for the study of the role and function of ARTD7 and ARTD8.
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| 56. |
- Andersson, Claes, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The urban economy as a scale-free network.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. - 2470-0045 .- 2470-0053. ; 68, s. 036124-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present empirical evidence that land values are scale free and introduce a network model that reproduces the observations. The network approach to urban modeling is based on the assumption that the market dynamics that generates land values can be represented as a growing scale-free network. Our results suggest that the network properties of trade between specialized activities cause land values, and likely also other observables such as population, to be power-law distributed. In addition to being an attractive avenue for further analytical inquiry, the network representation is also applicable to empirical data and is thereby attractive for predictive modeling.
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| 57. |
- Andersson, Claes, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The urban economy as a scale-free network
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. - 0378-4371. ; 345:1, s. 227-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPower laws in socioeconomic systems are generally explained as being generated by multiplicative growth of aggregate objects. In this paper we formulate a model of geographic activity distribution with spatial correlations on the level of land lots where multiplicative growth is assumed to be dominant but not exclusive. The purpose is to retain the explanatory power of earlier models due to Simon, Gibrat and others while attaining some additional properties that are attractive for both empirical and modelling purposes. In this sense, the model presented here is a combination of the two factors that have been identified as central to urban evolution but rarely appear unified in the same model: transportation costs and multiplicative growth. The model is an elaboration of a previously reported complex network model of geographical land value evolution. We reproduce statistical properties of an empirical geographical distribution of land values on multiple hierarchical levels: land value per unit area, cluster areas, aggregated land value per cluster and cluster area/perimeter ratios. It is found that transportation effects are not strong enough to disturb the power law distribution of land values per unit area but strong enough to sort nodes to generate a new set of power laws on a higher level of aggregation. The main hypothesis is that all these relations can be understood as consequences of an underlying growing scale-free network of geographic economic interdependencies.
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| 58. |
- Andersson, Emma K., et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of Curli Assembly and Pellicle Biofilm Formation by Chemical and Protein Chaperones
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemistry and Biology. - : Elsevier. - 1074-5521 .- 1879-1301. ; 20:10, s. 1245-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enteric bacteria assemble functional amyloid fibers, curli, on their surfaces that share structural and biochemical properties with disease-associated amyloids. Here, we test rationally designed 2-pyridone compounds for their ability to alter amyloid formation of the major curli subunit CsgA. We identified several compounds that discourage CsgA amyloid formation and several compounds that accelerate CsgA amyloid formation. The ability of inhibitor compounds to stop growing CsgA fibers was compared to the same property of the CsgA chaperone, CsgE. CsgE blocked CsgA amyloid assembly and arrested polymerization when added to actively polymerizing fibers. Additionally, CsgE and the 2-pyridone inhibitors prevented biofilm formation by Escherichia coli at the air-liquid interface of a static culture. We demonstrate that curli amyloid assembly and curli-dependent biofilm formation can be modulated not only by protein chaperones, but also by "chemical chaperones."
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| 59. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Sprickor i fasaden (inledningskapitel)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sprickor i fasaden. - Göteborg : Göteborgs iniversitet. - 0284-4788. ; , s. 11-40
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det råder på sina håll en oro och ett mörker i debatten och föreställningarna om samhällets tillstånd. Bilder målas av en värld av kollapsande system och spruckna fasader, där de folkvalda fattar beslut som utarmar människors trygghet och livsvillkor. Det talas om det förljugna etablissemanget, om politisk korrekthet som ödelägger och förstör. Andra ser hur antidemokratiska krafter, likt början av förra seklet, växer sig större och tar allt mer plats på gator och torg. Somliga beskriver en demokrati i kris, om obönhörligt växande sprickbildningar i samhällsbygget. Och i spåren av dessa skeenden berättas hur otrygghetens och rädslans landskap breder ut sig. Världen som vi en gång kände den tycks långsamt glida ur våra händer. Den välputsade fasaden spricker. Samtidigt finns indikationer på att beskrivningen av samhällets förestående krackelering har chimäriska drag, en illusion framvuxen i en tid då det som tidigare varit etablerade normer och ideal på olika sätt utmanas och ifrågasätts. Kanhända är det så att samhällets palett skiftar i långt fler nyanser än mörkaste grått? Kanhända spirar det mitt ibland oss en värld fylld av möjligheter och förutsättningar för människor att leva, bo och utvecklas – tillsammans och sida vid sida? För i konstrast till bilden av samhällets rämnande grundvalar, kan skymtas skriftningar i den gemensamma värdegrunden i riktning mot ökad tolerans, öppenhet och jämlikhet. Kanske är dessa skiftningar tecken på att det förekommer en hel del sprickor också i föreställningen om den spruckna fasaden? Sprickor i fasaden är den sjuttioandra forskarantologin från SOM-institutet vid Göteborgs universitet. Titeln refererar till den sprickbildning i samhällsbygget som på olika håll har lyfts fram i den allmänna debatten. En del av de frågor som analyseras i boken påvisar också tydliga sprickor och polariseringstendenser – inte sällan i frågor som sträcker sig bortom den klassiska vänsterhögerdimensionen. Det är inte längre bara frågor som rör skatter, välfärdsstatens finansiering eller förhållandet mellan offentligt och privat som står för den största sprickbildningen. I många fall handlar det också om sociala och kulturella frågor som skapar skiljelinjer i befolkningen.
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| 60. |
- Antoni, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Europium confined cyclen dendrimers with photophysically active triazoles
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 18:22, s. 2545-2554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendrimers up to the fourth generation (G1-G4) were successfully synthesized via the efficient copper catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between primary alkynes and azides (CuAAC), also referred to as a click reaction. The synthetic protocol involved the preparation of presynthesized dendron wedges that subsequently were attached to a tetra-valent alkyne functional cyclen core. These constructed structures integrated stable triazole groups "intra-locked'' between the cyclen and dendron wedges. The incorporation of a lanthanide metal ion, europium, into the interior of all cyclen dendrimers was monitored by FT-IR. Interestingly, the photophysical results showed that the proximate triazole not only acts as a stable linker but also as a sensitizers, transferring its singlet-singlet excitation in the ultraviolet region (270-290 nm) to the partially filled luminescent lanthanide 4f shell. An increase of luminescence decay time from the lanthanide D-5(0) -> F-7(2) emission was observed with increasing dendrimer size, indicating that the shielding effect of the dendron wedges is important for the relaxation of the photo-excitation and energy transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a set of dendron wedges have successfully been attached to a cyclen metal ion cage via the versatile click reaction. Furthermore, the produced triazoles intra-locked in close proximity to the macrocycle core elucidated an interesting photophysical function.
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