| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of phonological change in deaf and hard of hearing children who use cochlear implants or hearing aids
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive abilities (i.e., working memory (WM), lexical access, phonological processing skills (PhPS), and letter knowledge) in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) children in relation to a reference group with normal hearing (NH) children pre intervention with a computer-assisted program that focused on phonological coding. A more specific purpose was to explore how cognitive abilities were associated to PhPS pre intervention and to phonological change post intervention in D/HH children in general, and specifically in D/HH children with weak initial PhPS.Methods: Participants were thirty-two children using cochlear implants or hearing aids, or both in combination, and sixteen children with NH 5, 6 and 7 years of age. Children practiced with phonological coding 10 min per day for 4 weeks with support by their parents. Cognitive abilities were examined pre and post intervention.Results: NH and D/HH children displayed a similar performance level on the majority of cognitive tasks, but the D/HH children demonstrated weaker lexical access and PhPS. A significant correlation between complex WM and PhPS pre intervention was only observed in D/HH children. Weak initial performance on one phonological processing task capturing both lower level and higher level auditory processing was the main significant predictor of phonological change in all D/HH children. In D/HH children with weak initial PhPS letter naming was associated with phonological change.Conclusions: The associations between complex working memory and PhPS in D/HH children and the lack of such associations in children with NH may indicate that phonological processing skills require more cognitive resources in the D/HH children. Letter knowledge can act as a driving force for phonological change following intervention in D/HH children with weak PhPS.
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| 44. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Reading Ability and Working Memory in School-Age Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Using Cochlear Implants and/or Hearing Aids : A 3-Year Follow-Up on Computer-Based Phonics Training
- 2020
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Ingår i: Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 2381-473X. ; 5:6, s. 1388-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of the current study was to investigate reading ability in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) using cochlear implants (CI) or hearing aids (HA) 3 years after computer-assisted phonics intervention. Reading ability was examined in relation to cognitive and audiological aspects and compared to a reference group of children with typical hearing (TH).MethodParticipants were 73 Swedish primary school children (Mdn = 9 years). Fifty-five of the children were TH, and 18 children were DHH using CI (n = 10) or HA (n = 8). Twenty-seven of the children (all children who were DHH and nine of the children with TH) had participated in computer-based phonics intervention 3 years earlier. Children were assessed on word and nonword decoding, reading comprehension, and three working memory (WM) tasks. Age at diagnosis, age of amplification, and duration of unaided hearing loss formed the audiological variables.ResultsComparable word decoding skills and reading comprehension were observed in all three groups (CI, HA, and TH). Children with CI showed strong and significant correlations between two aspects of WM capacity (phonological and complex WM) and all aspects of reading. For children with TH, similar but weaker correlations as in children with CI was observed, and correlations with visual WM were also evident. In children with HA only, complex WM correlated strongly and significantly with nonword decoding. Duration of unaided hearing loss was the single audiological variable that was significantly associated with reading.ConclusionsThis 3-year follow-up showed overall positive reading results at the group level in children who are DHH. However, some children still lag behind their peers with TH. Early hearing experience and intervention are stressed as crucial factors in preventing negative outcomes in these children.
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| 45. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Segmental and suprasegmental properties in nonword repetition : An explorative study of the associations with nonword decoding in children with normal hearing and children with bilateral cochlear implants
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 29:3, s. 216-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explored nonword repetition (NWR) and nonword decoding in normalhearing (NH) children and in children with cochlear implants (CIs). Participants were 11 children with bilateral CIs, 5:0-7:11 years (M = 6.5 yrs.), and 11 NH children, individually age-matched to the children with CIs. The purpose was twofold; to thoroughly describe aspects of repetition and decoding of novel words and to study possible associations between them. All children were assessed after having practiced with a computer-assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach during four weeks. Results showed that NH children outperformed children with CIs on the majority of aspects of NWR. The analysis of syllable length in NWR revealed that children with CIs made more syllable omissions than did the NH children, and predominantly in prestressed positions. Additionally, the consonant cluster analysis showed significantly more consonant omissions and substitutions in children with CIs suggesting that reaching fine- grained levels of phonological processing was particularly difficult for these children. No significant difference was found for decoding accuracy between the groups, as measured by percent nonwords and percent phonemes correctly decoded, but differences were observed regarding error patterns. Further, phoneme deletions and lexicalizing of nonwords occurred more often in children with CIs than in those with NH. The correlation analysis revealed that the ability to repeat consonant clusters in NWR had the strongest associations to nonword decoding in both groups.
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| 46. |
- Nordmark, Desiree, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of methods used to reduce leaching of harmful substances from residual fly ash fraction after washing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. - Irvine, CA, USA : The Reading Matrix Inc..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Korstaverken near Sundsvall in Sweden produces electricity and district heating for about 80 000 citizens. Household and commercial wastes are used as fuel in their cogeneration plant. The produced fly ash is treated in an ash washing facility to reduce leaching of hazardous substances. Leaching of chromium and molybdenum from the ash residue exceeds although the limit values for non-hazardous landfills. The aim of this project has been to identify factors that influence the leaching of chromium and molybdenum and how a reduction can be achieved. Reduced mobility can be reached by addition of pH and redox reducing agents, or by carbonation. The results show that there are a number of measures that can generate a washed ash that meets the requirements of non-hazardous landfills. In order to design the optimal full scale solution from a practical and economical perspective, the identified alternatives must be evaluated.
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| 47. |
- Nordmark, Desiree, et al.
(författare)
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Processoptimering av asktvätt
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Asktvätten vid Korstaverket i Sundsvall producerar en tvättad aska som består av en blandning av fallande flygaska och vattenreningsslam. I tvätten avskiljs framför allt lättlösliga salter och en mobil fraktion av andra ämnen. De senare avskiljs till större delen i den efterföljande vattenreningen vars slam blandas med fallande aska i tvätten. Blandningen klarar krav för deponiklass II med undantag för utlakning av krom och molybden, för vilka dispens har erhållits upp till tre gånger gränsvärdet, som är 10 mg/kg TS. I här rapporterat projekt har syftet varit att identifiera de faktorer som påverkar främst kroms och molybdens mobilitet i den tvättade askan (dvs flygaska + slam) och hur den kan påverkas praktiskt. Resultaten kan vara av intresse för dem som söker alternativ för askhantering. I Sverige har ingen motsvarande undersökning utförts tidigare. Molybden och andra grundämnen som bildar oxyanjoner tenderar att bli mer mobila vid högre pH-värden och därför kan tillsatser till asktvätt och reningsprocess som sänker pH mot neutrala värden ge en lägre utlakning. I synnerhet molybden mobiliseras ur reningsslammet vid kontakt med den mera basiska askan, och därför kan en separat deponering av tvättad aska och slam vara ett sätt att minska den totala utlakningen. För att reducera Cr6+ till trevärd krom och därmed minska kroms mobilitet, har tillsatser av elementärt och tvåvärt järn används. Tvåvärt järn har även testats i full skala under en kort tid. I lab har både elementärt järn och tvåvärt järn visat sig ge tydligt lägre kromlakning, elementärt järn var effektivast. I full skala användes tvåvärt järn, men resultatet var inte entydigt. Här kan det tänkas att järnskrot från bottenaska skulle kunna användas. Den effektivaste tillsatsen, som dock bara testats i lab var koldioxid, tillsatsen reducerade både krom- och molybdenutlakningen. Här kan man tänka sig att använda koldioxid från förbränningsanläggningen, eller driva en efterbehandling med deponigas. Våra resultat visar att det genom olika åtgärder, eller kombinationer av åtgärder, går att producera en tvättad aska som väl uppfyller de krav på utlakning som används för en klass II deponi idag. Därmed är projektets mål uppnådda. För att utforma den praktiskt och ekonomiskt mest optimala lösningen behöver de identifierade alternativen utvärderas.
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| 48. |
- Ohlin, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by L-dopa in the parkinsonian brain: implications for the development of dyskinesia.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156 .- 0006-8950. ; 134, s. 2339-2357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiogenesis and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier have been reported to occur in animal models of Parkinson's disease and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, but the significance of these phenomena has remained unclear. Using a validated rat model of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, this study demonstrates that chronic treatment with l-dopa dose dependently induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the basal ganglia nuclei. Vascular endothelial growth factor was abundantly expressed in astrocytes and astrocytic processes in the proximity of blood vessels. When co-administered with l-dopa, a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling significantly attenuated the development of dyskinesia and completely blocked the angiogenic response and associated increase in blood-brain barrier permeability induced by the treatment. The occurrence of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation was verified in post-mortem basal ganglia tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease with a history of dyskinesia, who exhibited increased microvascular density, microvascular nestin expression and an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid. These congruent findings in the rat model and human patients indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor is implicated in the pathophysiology of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia and emphasize an involvement of the microvascular compartment in the adverse effects of l-dopa pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease.
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| 49. |
- Risal, Sanjiv, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:12, s. 1894-1904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How obesity and elevated androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect their offspring is unclear. In a Swedish nationwide register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study from Chile, we found that daughters of mothers with PCOS were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS. Furthermore, female mice (F0) with PCOS-like traits induced by late-gestation injection of dihydrotestosterone, with and without obesity, produced female F1-F3 offspring with PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Sequencing of single metaphase II oocytes from F1-F3 offspring revealed common and unique altered gene expression across all generations. Notably, four genes were also differentially expressed in serum samples from daughters in the case-control study and unrelated women with PCOS. Our findings provide evidence of transgenerational effects in female offspring of mothers with PCOS and identify possible candidate genes for the prediction of a PCOS phenotype in future generations.
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| 50. |
- Risal, Sanjiv, et al.
(författare)
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Transgenerational transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in the male progeny of polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Medicine. - : Cell Press. - 2666-3791. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transgenerational maternal effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female progeny are being revealed. As there is evidence that a male equivalent of PCOS may exists, we ask whether sons born to mothers with PCOS (PCOS-sons) transmit reproductive and metabolic phenotypes to their male progeny. Here, in a register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study, we find that PCOS-sons are more often obese and dyslipidemic. Our prenatal androgenized PCOS-like mouse model with or without diet-induced obesity confirmed that reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions in first-generation (F1) male offspring are passed down to F3. Sequencing of F1–F3 sperm reveals distinct differentially expressed (DE) small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) across generations in each lineage. Notably, common targets between transgenerational DEsncRNAs in mouse sperm and in PCOS-sons serum indicate similar effects of maternal hyperandrogenism, strengthening the translational relevance and highlighting a previously underappreciated risk of transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction via the male germline.
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