| 91. |
- Vilhelmsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 1879-1026. ; 899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most cerebral palsy (CP) cases have an unexplained etiology, but a role for environmental exposures has been suggested. One purported environmental risk factor is exposure to endocrine-disrupting pollutants specifically per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between prenatal PFAS exposures and CP in Swedish children.METHODS: In this case-control study, 322 CP cases, 343 population controls, and 258 preterm controls were identified from a birth registry in combination with a CP follow-up program from 1995 to 2014 and linked to a biobank which contains serum samples from week 10-14 of pregnancy. Maternal serum concentrations of four PFAS compounds: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for CP and each PFAS in quartiles and as continuous variables controlling for various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.RESULTS: In crude and adjusted analyses, we did not find consistent evidence of associations between serum PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS and concentrations in early pregnancy and CP, except in preterm infants. The ORs comparing the highest PFAS quartiles to the lowest were 1.05 (95 % CI: 0.63-1.76), 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.55-1.68), 0.71 (95 % CI: 0.41-1.25), and 1.17 (95 % CI: 0.61-2.26), for PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFOS, respectively. Some positive associations were observed for preterm infants, but the results were imprecise. Similar patterns were observed in analyses treating PFAS as continuous variables.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found little evidence that early pregnancy prenatal exposure to PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA, or PFOS increases the risk of CP. However, some positive associations were observed for preterm cases and warrant further investigation.
|
|
| 92. |
- Weiss, Jana M., et al.
(författare)
-
Daily intake of phthalates, MEHP, and DINCH by ingestion and inhalation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 208, s. 40-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalate esters, suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals, are used in a wide range of applications. Because phthalate esters are not covalently bound, they can easily leach into the indoor environment and associate to dust particles. Thus, exposure may occur through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with the skin. However, it is unclear to what degree indoor dust contributes to the daily intake of phthalate esters.This study investigates household dust as an exposure pathway for seven phthalate esters, the monoester MEHP, and the plasticizer DINCH. Household dust collected from children's sleeping rooms and from living rooms were analysed using gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To compare two exposure pathways, different dust particle sizes were generated: a respirable fraction (<5 mu m) and an ingested particle fraction in the anticipated size range of skin adherence (<75 mu m). Modelling of dust inhalation and ingestion showed that the daily intake of dust-bound phthalate esters was likely to be 2 times (inhalation) to 12 times (ingestion) higher for 21-month-old children than for adults. These children's daily uptake of phthalate esters was 40-140 times higher through ingestion than inhalation. Furthermore, dust may be an exposure pathway for phthalate esters as well as for MEHP. Therefore, phthalate monoesters could be environmental contaminants of their own and need to be considered in health risk assessments. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 93. |
- Wennberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Organic pollutants in urine 2014 and levels of bisphenol A 2009 and 2014 in the adult population of Northern Sweden
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is important to monitor levels of organic compounds in the population for risk assessment.In the northern Sweden MONICA Study 2014, urine was sampled from women (n=67 aged 25-35 years and n=86 aged 50-60 years) and men (n=75 aged 25-35 years) and analyzed for pesticide metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic acid and trichloropyridinol), alkylphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol F, triclosan), 1-hydroxypyrene and ten phthalate metabolites. Correlations between concentrations and lifestyle, mainly dietary factors, were investigated. Concentrations of these compounds in young men and women in northern Sweden were compared with data from high school students in southern Sweden (Skåne). For bisphenol A, concentrations were compared with data from the MONICA study in 2009 (n=243).Concentrations of bisphenol A were approximately halved in the northern Sweden population from 2009 until 2014. It was higher in those eating canned food more than once a week than in others. The phthalate metabolite mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was higher in those having plastic floor in the bedroom than in others. Several phthalate metabolites were higher in northern Sweden compared to in the south, especially MBzP, whilst triclosan and the phthalate metabolite mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) appeared to be higher in southern Sweden.The reason of higher concentrations of many phthalate metabolites in northern compared to southern Sweden need to be investigated further
|
|
| 94. |
|
|
| 95. |
- Wikström, Sverre, et al.
(författare)
-
Early pregnancy serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of preeclampsia in Swedish women.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. Emerging research shows an association with environmental exposures. The present aim was to investigate associations between early pregnancy serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and preeclampsia. Within the Swedish SELMA study, eight PFAS were measured at median 10 gestational weeks and cases of preeclampsia were postnatally identified from registers. Associations between individual PFAS and preeclampsia were assessed, adjusting for parity, age, weight and smoking. Out of 1,773 women in the study group, 64 (3.6%), developed preeclampsia. A doubling of PFOS and PFNA exposure, corresponding to an inter-quartile increase, was associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia of about 38-53% respectively. Serum PFOS within the highest quartile was associated with an odds ratio of 2.68 (CI 95%: 1.17-6.12), equal to the increased risk associated with nulliparity, when compared to exposure in the first quartile. The same associations were identified, although with higher risk estimates, in analyses restricted to nulliparous women. For other PFAS, there were no associations. In conclusion and consistent with limited previous research only on PFOS, increasing serum levels of PFOS and PFNA during early pregnancy were associated with a clinically relevant risk of preeclampsia, adjusting for established confounders.
|
|
| 96. |
- Wikström, Sverre, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of sporadic first trimester miscarriage
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many first trimester sporadic miscarriages are unexplained and the role of environmental exposures is unknown. The present aim was to study if levels of Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in early pregnancy are associated with unexplained, sporadic first trimester miscarriage. The study was performed within the Swedish SELMA pregnancy cohort. Seventy-eight women with non-recurrent first trimester miscarriage were included and 1449 women were available as live birth controls. Eight PFASs were measured in first trimester serum. A doubling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, corresponding to an inter-quartile increase, was associated with an odds ratio (95%CI) for miscarriage of 1.48 (1.09-2.01) when adjusting for parity, age and smoking. Analyses per quartiles of PFOA exposure indicated a monotonic dose response association with miscarriage. A similar, but not significant, pattern was observed for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). For other PFAS, there were no associations with miscarriage. We have previously shown associations between early pregnancy PFAS exposures and preeclampsia, as well as lower birth weight. Now we report an association between PFOA and miscarriage within the same cohort, which may suggest shared but unknown mechanisms. The study can only represent a period of early placentation and clinical pregnancy loss during the second half of the first trimester.
|
|
| 97. |
- Wikström, Sverre, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and offspring birth weight
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 87:6, s. 1093-1099
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread, bioaccumulating, and persistent and show placental transfer. Emerging research indicates associations between prenatal exposure and low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between first trimester exposure to PFASs and birth weight (BW) in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study and examine whether associations differ between girls and boys. Methods: Eight PFASs were analyzed in maternal serum (median: 10 weeks of pregnancy). Associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birth outcomes with BW, BW for gestational age, and birth small for gestational age (SGA) were assessed in 1533 infants, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by sex. Results: Increased maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were associated with lower BW, lower BW for gestational age, and SGA birth. Associations were significant only in girls, where prenatal exposure in the upper quartile was associated with a 93–142-g lower BW when compared with that of the lowest quartile exposure. The associations were not mediated by effects on gestational age. Conclusions: We found associations between prenatal exposure for five different PFASs and birth weight, with more pronounced associations in girls than in boys.
|
|
| 98. |
- Xu, Yiyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and expression of serum microRNAs in a cohort highly exposed to PFAS from drinking water
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. Not much is known about the modes of action of PFAS toxicity, but one likely mechanism is alteration of microRNA expression. Objectives: To investigate whether PFAS exposure is associated with altered microRNA expression in serum. Methods: We selected women from the Ronneby cohort, with high exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), emanating from drinking water contaminated by firefighting foam, and a control group of women from a neighbouring municipality without drinking water contamination. Serum levels of PFAS were analysed using LC/MS/MS. High coverage microRNA expression was analysed by next generation sequencing (NGS) in 53 individuals to screen for microRNAs associated with PFAS exposure. After verification by qPCR, associations between PFAS exposure and expression of 18 selected microRNAs were validated by qPCR in 232 individuals. In silico functional analyses were performed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Results: Three microRNAs were consistently associated with PFAS exposure in the different steps of the study: miR-101-3p, miR-144-3p and miR-19a-3p (all downregulated with increasing exposure). In silico functional analyses suggested that these PFAS-associated microRNAs were annotated to e.g. cardiovascular function and disease, Alzheimer's disease, growth of cancer cell lines and cancer. Seven predicted target genes for the downregulated microRNAs were annotated to PFAS in IPA knowledge database: DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3 alpha), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (NR1H3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and tumour growth factor alpha (TGF alpha). Discussion: PFAS exposure was associated with downregulation of specific microRNAs. Further, in silico functional analyses suggest potential links between the specific PFAS-associated microRNAs, specific microRNA target genes and possibly also health effects.
|
|
| 99. |
- Xu, Yiyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and DNA methylation in women exposed through drinking water: A pilot study in Ronneby, Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120. ; 145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. A potential mechanism of toxicity for PFAS is via epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. However, few studies have evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and DNA methylation among adults, and data is especially scarce for women. Furthermore, exposure to environmental pollutants has been associated with epigenetic age acceleration, but no studies have yet evaluated whether PFAS is associated with epigenetic age acceleration. Objectives: To investigate whether exposure to PFAS is associated with alteration of DNA methylation and epigenetic age acceleration among women. Methods: In this observational pilot study, 59 women (aged 20-47 years at enrollment in 2014) from Ronneby, Sweden, an area with historically high PFAS exposure due to local drinking water contamination, were divided into three PFAS exposure groups (low, medium, and high). Genome-wide methylation of whole-blood DNA was analyzed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for in silico functional assessment. Epigenetic age acceleration was derived from the DNA methylation data using Horvath's epigenetic skin and blood clock. Results: 117 differentially methylated positions (q < 0.017) and one near-significantly differentially methylated region (S100A13, FWER = 0.020) were identified. In silico functional analyses suggested that genes with altered DNA methylation (q < 0.05) were annotated to cancer, endocrine system disorders, reproductive system disease, as well as pathways such as estrogen receptor signaling, cardiac hypertrophy signaling, PPARa/RXRa activation and telomerase signaling. No differences in epigenetic age acceleration between PFAS exposure groups were noted (p = 0.43). Conclusion: The data suggests that PFAS exposure alters DNA methylation in women highly exposed to PFAS from drinking water. The observed associations should be verified in larger cohorts, and it should also be further investigated whether these changes in methylation also underlie potential phenotypic changes and/or adverse health effects of PFAS.
|
|
| 100. |
- Xu, Yiyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Inflammatory bowel disease and biomarkers of gut inflammation and permeability in a community with high exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances through drinking water
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can act as surfactants and have been suggested to be capable of affecting gut mucosa integrity, a possible factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). So far, only PFOA has been shown to have a positive association with ulcerative colitis. The present study aimed to investigate the association of PFAS and clinically diagnosed IBD in the Ronneby cohort, a population with high PFAS exposure (especially high PFOS and PFHxS) from Aqueous Film-Forming Foam through drinking water, using registry data. Additionally, to explore associations of PFAS with fecal zonulin and calprotectin, subclinical biomarkers of gut inflammation and permeability, in a sub-set of participants from Ronneby and Karlshamn (a nearby control municipality). The registry study included all people that ever resided in Ronneby municipality at least one year between 1980 and 2013. Yearly exposure to contaminated drinking water was assessed based on residential addresses and waterworks supply data, and the population classified by early, mid and late periods in ascending level of contamination. Diagnosed IBD cases were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient register and cause-of-death register. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to derive the hazard ratios (HRs) for diagnosed IBD. The biomarker study included 189 individuals who provided fecal samples. Serum PFAS were measured using LC-MS/MS. Fecal zonulin and calprotectin were measured using ELISA. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between measured PFAS and biomarker levels. In the registry study, no raised HRs for diagnosed IBD were found for cohort subjects with mid (1995–2004) or late period (2005–2013) exposure compared to never exposure. Early period exposure only (1985–1994) showed raised HRs for Crohn's disease (HR = 1.58, p = 0.048) and other non-specified IBD (HR = 1.38, p = 0.037). In the biomarker study, Karlshamn showed higher fecal calprotectin levels (median = 99.6 mg/kg in Karlshamn vs. 66.8 mg/kg in Ronneby, p = 0.04). A trend of decreased calprotectin with increased serum PFAS indicated higher PFAS was associated with lower degree of gut inflammation (p = 0.002). No association between serum PFAS and fecal zonulin was found. In conclusion, the present study found no consistent evidence to support PFAS exposure as a risk factor for IBD.
|
|
