| 51. |
- Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
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The history of settlement and agrarian land use in a boreal forestin Värmland, Sweden, new evidence from pollen analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shielings are the historically known form of transhumance in Scandinavia, where livestock were moved from the farmsteadto sites in the outlands for summer grazing. Pollen analysis has provided a valuable insight into the history of shielings. Thispaper presents a vegetation reconstruction and archaeological survey from the shieling Kårebolssätern in northern Värmland,western Sweden, a renovated shieling that is still operating today. The first evidence of human activities in the area nearKårebolssätern are Hordeum- and Cannabis-type pollen grains occurring from ca. 100 bc. Further signs of human impactare charcoal and sporadic occurrences of apophyte pollen from ca. ad 250 and pollen indicating opening of the canopy ca.ad 570, probably a result of modification of the forest for grazing. A decrease in land use is seen between ad 1000 and 1250,possibly in response to a shift in emphasis towards large scale commodity production in the outlands. Emphasis on bloomeryiron production and pitfall hunting may have caused a shift from agrarian shieling activity. The clearest changes in the pollenassemblage indicating grazing and cultivation occur from the mid-thirteenth century, coinciding with wetter climate at thebeginning of the Little Ice Age. The earliest occurrences of anthropochores in the record predate those of other shieling sitesin Sweden. The pollen analysis reveals evidence of land use that predates the results of the archaeological survey. The studyhighlights how pollen analysis can reveal vegetation changes where early archaeological remains are obscure.
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| 52. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation through Biocultural Heritage-Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2019
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI. - 2073-445X. ; 8:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review the potential of biocultural heritage in biodiversity protection and agricultural innovation in sub-Saharan Africa. We begin by defining the concept of biocultural heritage into four interlinked elements that are revealed through integrated landscape analysis. This concerns the transdisciplinary methods whereby biocultural heritage must be explored, and here we emphasise that reconstructing landscape histories and documenting local heritage values needs to be an integral part of the process. Ecosystem memories relate to the structuring of landscape heterogeneity through such activities as agroforestry and fire management. The positive linkages between living practices, biodiversity and soil nutrients examined here are demonstrative of the concept of ecosystem memories. Landscape memories refer to built or enhanced landscapes linked to specific land-use systems and property rights. Place memories signify practices of protection or use related to a specific place. Customary protection of burial sites and/or abandoned settlements, for example, is a common occurrence across Africa with beneficial outcomes for biodiversity and forest protection. Finally, we discuss stewardship and change. Building on local traditions, inclusivity and equity are essential to promoting the continuation and innovation of practices crucial for local sustainability and biodiversity protection, and also offer new avenues for collaboration in landscape management and conservation.
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| 53. |
- Ekblom, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: The resilience of heritage : cultivating a future of the past : essays in honour of Professor Paul J.J. Sinclair / edited by Anneli Ekblom, Christian Isendahl och Karl-Johan Lindholm.. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 1651-1255. - 9789150626759 ; , s. 9-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 54. |
- Emanuelsson, Eric B., et al.
(författare)
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Remodeling of the human skeletal muscle proteome found after long-term endurance training but not after strength training
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 27:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise training has tremendous systemic tissue-specific health benefits, but the molecular adaptations to long-term exercise training are not completely understood. We investigated the skeletal muscle proteome of highly endurance-trained, strength-trained, and untrained individuals and performed exercise- and sex-specific analyses. Of the 6,000+ proteins identified, >650 were differentially expressed in endurance-trained individuals compared with controls. Strikingly, 92% of the shared proteins with higher expression in both the male and female endurance groups were known mitochondrial. In contrast to the findings in endurance-trained individuals, minimal differences were found in strength-trained individuals and between females and males. Lastly, a co-expression network and comparative literature analysis revealed key proteins and pathways related to the health benefits of exercise, which were primarily related to differences in mitochondrial proteins. This network is available as an interactive database resource where investigators can correlate clinical data with global gene and protein expression data for hypothesis generation.
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Productivity in relation to organization of a surgical department : a retrospective observational study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Surgery. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2482. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Responsible and efficient resource utilization are important factors in healthcare. The aim of this study was to investigate how total case time differs between two differently organized surgical departments. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients undergoing elective surgery for breast cancer or malignant melanoma in a university hospital setting in Sweden. All patients were operated on by the same set of surgeons but in two different surgical departments: a general surgery (GS) and a cardiothoracic (CT) surgery department. Patients were selected to the two departments from a waiting list in the order of referral for surgery. The effect of being operated on at the CT department compared to the GS department was estimated by linear regression. Results: The final study cohort comprised 349 patients in the GS department and 177 patients in the CT department. Both groups were similar regarding surgical procedures, American Society of Anesthesiologists' score, body mass index, age, sex, and the skill level of the operating surgeon. These covariates were included in the linear regression model. The total case time, defined by the Procedural Time Glossary as room set-up start to room clean-up finish, was significantly shorter for the patients who underwent a surgical procedure at the CT department compared to the GS department, even after adjusting for the background characteristics of the patients and surgeon. After adjusting for the selected covariates, the average difference in total case time between the two departments was − 30.67 min (p = 0.001). Conclusions: A significantly shorter total case time was measured for operations in the CT department. Plausible explanations may be more beneficial organizational factors, such as staffing ratio, skill mix in the operating room team, and working behavioral aspects regarding resource utilization.
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| 57. |
- Eriksson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Claudius' Coin in the Forest : Niche Construction and Strategies by Early Colonizers of Boreal Inlands in Central Scandinavia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Historical Ecology. - London; Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781394169764 - 9781789450903 ; , s. 207-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The colonization and establishment of agriculture and iron production in the boreal forest inland regions of central Scandinavia from the Iron Age onwards implied that people must have overcome great difficulties. Climate is harsh, and vast areas are covered with forest and mires initially unsuitable for farming. The authors suggests that a combination of a mind-set based on infield systems occurring in the regions from where the colonizers came, and constraints imposed by the environment, promoted human niche construction processes specific for these regions. The landscape was basically structured as infields and outland, but the constraints imposed by the poor productivity of the forests necessitated extending forest grazing spatially, promoted use of outland mires for harvest of winter fodder, and ultimately led to development of secondary farms, shielings, as an innovative strategy of a spatially structured domesticated landscape.
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| 58. |
- Eriksson, Ove, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts for Integrated Research in Historical Ecology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology: ThePast and Future of Landscapes and regions. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108420983 - 9781108355780 ; , s. 145-181
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 59. |
- Eriksson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Historical Ecology of Scandinavian Infield Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infield systems originated during the early Iron Age and existed until the 19th century, although passing many transitions and changes. The core features of infield systems were enclosed infields with hay-meadows and crop fields, and unenclosed outland mainly used for livestock grazing. We examine the transitions and changes of domesticated landscapes with infield systems using the framework of human niche construction, focusing on reciprocal causation affecting change in both culture and environment. A first major transition occurred during the early Middle Ages, as a combined effect of a growing elite society and an increased availability of iron promoted expansion of villages with partly communal infields. A second major transition occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries, due to a then recognized inefficiency of agricultural production, leading to land reforms. In outlands, there was a continuous expansion of management throughout the whole period. Even though external factors had significant impacts as well, human niche construction affected a range of cultural and environmental features regarding the management and structure of domesticated landscapes with infield systems. Thus, niche construction theory is a useful framework for understanding the historical ecology of infield systems.
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| 60. |
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