| 121. |
- Cuadrado, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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Cupriavidus pampae sp. nov., a novel herbicide-degrading bacterium isolated from agricultural soil
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5034 .- 1466-5026. ; 60:11, s. 2606-2612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A bacterial consortium able to degrade the herbicide 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid (2,4-DB) was obtained from an agricultural soil of the Argentinean Humid Pampa region which has a history of long-term herbicide use. Four bacterial strains were isolated from the consortium and identified as members of the genera Cupriavidus, Labrys and Pseudomonas. A polyphasic systematic analysis was carried out on strain CPDB6(T), the member of the 2,4-DB-degrading consortium able to degrade 2,4-DB as a sole carbon and energy source. The Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-sporulating, non-fermenting bacterium was shown to belong to the genus Cupriavidus on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Strain CPDB6(T) did not reduce nitrate, which differentiated it from the type species of the genus, Cupriavidus necator; it did not grow in 0.5-4.5 % NaCl, although most species of Cupriavidus are able to grow at NaCl concentrations as high as 1.5 %; and it was able to deamidate acetamide, which differentiated it from all other species of Cupriavidus. DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed low levels of genomic DNA similarity (less than 30 %) between strain CPDB6(T) and the type strains of Cupriavidus species with validly published names. The major cellular fatty acids detected were cis-9-hexadecenoic (16 : 1ω7c) and hexadecanoic (16 : 0) acids. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, strain CPDB6(T) was recognized as a representative of a novel species within the genus Cupriavidus. The name Cupriavidus pampae sp. nov. is proposed, with strain CPDB6(T) (=CCUG 55948(T)=CCM-A-29:1289(T)) as the type strain.
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| 122. |
- Drager, Luciano F., et al.
(författare)
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Intermittent hypoxia inhibits clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and inactivates adipose lipoprotein lipase in a mouse model of sleep apnoea
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 33:6, s. 783-U33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delayed lipoprotein clearance is associated with atherosclerosis. This study examined whether chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), can lead to hyperlipidaemia by inhibiting clearance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLP). Male C57BL/6J mice on high-cholesterol diet were exposed to 4 weeks of CIH or chronic intermittent air (control). FIO2 was decreased to 6.5 once per minute during the 12 h light phase in the CIH group. After the exposure, we measured fasting lipid profile. TRLP clearance was assessed by oral gavage of retinyl palmitate followed by serum retinyl esters (REs) measurements at 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, and 24 h. Activity of lipoprotein lipase (LpL), a key enzyme of lipoprotein clearance, and levels of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4), a potent inhibitor of the LpL activity, were determined in the epididymal fat pads, skeletal muscles, and heart. Chronic intermittent hypoxia induced significant increases in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, which occurred in TRLP and LDL fractions (P 0.05 for each comparison). Compared with control mice, animals exposed to CIH showed increases in REs throughout first 10 h after oral gavage of retinyl palmitate (P 0.05), indicating that CIH inhibited TRLP clearance. CIH induced a 5-fold decrease in LpL activity (P 0.01) and an 80 increase in Angptl4 mRNA and protein levels in the epididymal fat, but not in the skeletal muscle or heart. CIH decreases TRLP clearance and inhibits LpL activity in adipose tissue, which may contribute to atherogenesis observed in OSA.
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| 123. |
- Drude, Natascha Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Planning preclinical confirmatory multicenter trials to strengthen translation from basic to clinical research : a multi-stakeholder workshop report
- 2022
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Ingår i: Translational Medicine Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2396-832X. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical translation from bench to bedside often remains challenging even despite promising preclinical evidence. Among many drivers like biological complexity or poorly understood disease pathology, preclinical evidence often lacks desired robustness. Reasons include low sample sizes, selective reporting, publication bias, and consequently inflated effect sizes. In this context, there is growing consensus that confirmatory multicenter studies -by weeding out false positives- represent an important step in strengthening and generating preclinical evidence before moving on to clinical research. However, there is little guidance on what such a preclinical confirmatory study entails and when it should be conducted in the research trajectory. To close this gap, we organized a workshop to bring together statisticians, clinicians, preclinical scientists, and meta-researcher to discuss and develop recommendations that are solution-oriented and feasible for practitioners. Herein, we summarize and review current approaches and outline strategies that provide decision-critical guidance on when to start and subsequently how to plan a confirmatory study. We define a set of minimum criteria and strategies to strengthen validity before engaging in a confirmatory preclinical trial, including sample size considerations that take the inherent uncertainty of initial (exploratory) studies into account. Beyond this specific guidance, we highlight knowledge gaps that require further research and discuss the role of confirmatory studies in translational biomedical research. In conclusion, this workshop report highlights the need for close interaction and open and honest debate between statisticians, preclinical scientists, meta-researchers (that conduct research on research), and clinicians already at an early stage of a given preclinical research trajectory.
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| 124. |
- Du, Guanqun, et al.
(författare)
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Condensed Supramolecular Helices : The Twisted Sisters of DNA
- 2022
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie (International edition). - : Wiley. - 1521-3773. ; 61:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Condensation of DNA helices into hexagonally packed bundles and toroids represents an intriguing example of functional organization of biological macromolecules at the nanoscale. The condensation models are based on the unique polyelectrolyte features of DNA, however here we could reproduce a DNA-like condensation with supramolecular helices of small chiral molecules, thereby demonstrating that it is a more general phenomenon. We show that the bile salt sodium deoxycholate can form supramolecular helices upon interaction with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes of homopolymer or block copolymers. At higher order, a controlled hexagonal packing of the helices into DNA-like bundles and toroids could be accomplished. The results disclose unknown similarities between covalent and supramolecular non-covalent helical polyelectrolytes, which inspire visionary ideas of constructing supramolecular versions of biological macromolecules. As drug nanocarriers the polymer-bile salt superstructures would get advantage of a complex chirality at molecular and supramolecular levels, whose effect on the nanocarrier assisted drug efficiency is a still unexplored fascinating issue.
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| 125. |
- Du, Guanqun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of temperature on the association behavior in aqueous mixtures of an oppositely charged amphiphilic block copolymer and bile salt
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polymer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-3861. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association in aqueous mixtures of a thermoresponsive cationic diblock copolymer composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium-chloride (PAMPTMA(+)) and the oppositely charged bile salt sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) is investigated at different compositions by light and X-ray scattering, calorimetry, and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Clouding reveals aggregation upon heating. The addition of NaDC to the copolymer solution lowers the temperature of the transition and increases its cooperativity. At high temperature and low NaDC fractions, mixed aggregates with a dehydrated PNIPAM-rich interior and a PAMPTMA(+)-rich shell partially neutralized by DC– anions are formed. At high NaDC fractions, the aggregates present internal regularly spaced segregated nanoregions of dehydrated PNIPAM and PAMPTMA(+)/DC– (microphase separation). The results suggest that the mixed aggregates have appealing composition-controlled thermoresponse. The system phase separates at body temperature and the highest NaDC fractions investigated, meaning in conditions accomplished when the use of the polymer as a bile salt sequestrant is hypothesized.
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| 126. |
- Duarte, Robson A., et al.
(författare)
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Calibration and Validation of a Cone Crusher Model with Industrial Data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Minerals. - : MDPI. - 2075-163X. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the calibration and validation of a cone crusher model using industrial data. Usually, there are three calibration parameters in the condensed breakage function; by contrast, in this work, every entry of the lower triangular breakage function matrix is considered a calibration parameter. The calibration problem is cast as an optimization problem based on the least squares method. The results show that the calibrated model is able to fit the validation datasets closely, as seen from the low values of the objective function. Another significant advantage of the proposed approach is that the model can be calibrated on data that are usually available from industrial operation; no additional laboratory tests are required. Calibration and validation tests on datasets collected from two different mines show that the calibrated model is a strong candidate for use in various dynamic simulation applications, such as control system design, equipment sizing, operator training, and optimization of crushing circuits.
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| 127. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrodynamics of the CertasTM programmable valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fluids and barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 9:1, s. 12-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The new CertasTM shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus has seven standard pressure settings that according to the manufacturer range from 36 to 238 mmH2O, and an additional "Virtual Off" setting with an opening pressure >400 mmH2O. Information on actual pressure response and reliability of shunt performance is important in clinical application, especially the "Virtual Off" setting as a non-surgical replacement for shunt ligation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro hydrodynamic performance of the CertasTM shunt.METHODS: Six new CertasTM shunts with proximal and distal catheters were tested with an automated, computerized test system that raised the pressure from zero to a maximum pressure and back to zero at each valve setting. Opening pressure and flow resistance were determined.RESULTS: For settings 1-7 the measured opening pressure range was 26 to 247 mmH2O, and the mean change in opening pressure for a one-step adjustment was between 33 and 38 mmH2O. For setting 8 ("Virtual Off") the measured mean opening pressure was 494 +/- 34 mmH2O (range 451 to 556 mmH2O). The mean outflow resistance was 7.0 mmHg/ml/min (outflow conductance 17.9 ul/s/kPa).CONCLUSIONS: The six shunts had similar characteristics and closely matched the manufacturer's specifications for opening pressure at settings 1-7. The opening pressure for the "Virtual Off" setting was nearly 500 mmH2O, which is 100 mmH2O higher than the manufacturer's specification of ">400" and should be functionally off for most patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate if the CSF dynamic profile persists after implantation in patients.
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| 128. |
- Feliu-Soler, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Impact of Third-Wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapies : A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment of Economic Evaluations in Randomized Controlled Trials
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 49:1, s. 124-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) encompasses new forms of CBT that both extend and innovate within CBT. Most third-wave therapies have been subject to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on clinical effectiveness; however, the number and quality of economic evaluations in these RCTs has been unknown and may be few. Evidence about efficiency of these therapies may help support decisions on efficient allocation of resources in health policies. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the economic impact of third-wave therapies in the treatment of patients with physical or mental conditions. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINALH to identify economic evaluations of third-wave therapies. Quality and Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment of economic evaluations was also made using the Drummond 35-item checklist and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias, respectively. Eleven RCTs were included in this systematic review. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and extended Behaviour Activation (eBA) showed acceptable cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios. No study employed a time horizon of more than 3 years. Quality and RoB assessments highlight some limitations that temper the findings. There is some evidence that MBCT, MBSR, ACT, DBT, and eBA are efficient from a societal or a third-party payer perspective. No economic analysis was found for many third-wave therapies. Therefore, more economic evaluations with high methodological quality are needed.
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| 129. |
- Fernandez-Anez, Nieves, et al.
(författare)
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Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives
- 2021
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Ingår i: Air, Soil and Water Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1178-6221. ; 14, s. 1-19
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.
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| 130. |
- Freitas, Flavio L. M., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Recent political development threaten terrestrial mammal diversity in Brazil
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent political developments may weaken the legal protection of native vegetation in Brazil, which holds large areas of high biodiversity value. We assess the extent to which legislation protects terrestrial mammal species in Brazil. To this end, we quantify the natural population of mammal species in each fragment of native vegetation and relating this quantification to relevant legislation. We also assess the urgency of interventions to improve the protection of the mammal species. The results indicate that the legislation concerning private and public lands protects at least 40%, and about one-third, of the habitats where half of the threatened mammal species live, respectively. In scenarios of full compliance with relevant legislation, at least 40% of habitats supporting about one-third of these species are unprotected or undesignated lacking command and control regulations protecting the native vegetation. The implications of these results are discussed in light of recent policy developments in Brazil.
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