| 11. |
- Drake, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey VI. The faint-end of the Lyα luminosity function at 2.91
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the deepest study to date of the Ly alpha luminosity function in a blank field using blind integral field spectroscopy from MUSE. We constructed a sample of 604 Ly alpha emitters (LAEs) across the redshift range 2.91 < z < 6.64 using automatic detection software in the Hubble Ultra Deep Lield. The deep data cubes allowed us to calculate accurate total Ly alpha fluxes capturing low surface-brightness extended Ly alpha emission now known to be a generic property of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We simulated realistic extended LAEs to fully characterise the selection function of our samples, and performed flux-recovery experiments to test and correct for bias in our determination of total Ly alpha fluxes. We find that an accurate completeness correction accounting for extended emission reveals a very steep faint-end slope of the luminosity function, alpha, down to luminosities of log(10) L erg s(-1) < 41.5, applying both the 1/V-max and maximum likelihood estimators. Splitting the sample into three broad redshift bins, we see the faint-end slope increasing from -2.03(-0.07)(+1.42) at z approximate to 3.44 to -2.86(-infinity)(+0.76) Z approximate to 76 at z approximate to 5.48, however no strong evolution is seen between the 68% confidence regions in L*-alpha parameter space. Using the Ly alpha line flux as a proxy for star formation activity, and integrating the observed luminosity functions, we find that LAEs' contribution to the cosmic star formation rate density rises with redshift until it is comparable to that from continuum-selected samples by z approximate to 6. This implies that LAEs may contribute more to the star-formation activity of the early Universe than previously thought, as any additional intergalactic medium (IGM) correction would act to further boost the Ly alpha luminosities. Linally, assuming fiducial values for the escape of Ly alpha and LyC radiation, and the dumpiness of the IGM, we integrated the maximum likelihood luminosity function at 5.00 < z < 6.64 and find we require only a small extrapolation beyond the data (<1 dex in luminosity) for LAEs alone to maintain an ionised IGM at z approximate to 6.
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| 12. |
- Elbagir, S, et al.
(författare)
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ANTI-PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE/PROTHROMBIN ANTIBODIES AND VASCULAR EVENTS ASSOCIATE POSITIVELY WITH HLA-DRB1*13 AND NEGATIVELY WITH HLA-DRB1*03 IN SLE
- 2022
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81, s. 658-659
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (anti-PS/PT) associate with thrombotic events (1). HLA-DRB1 alleles contribute to the occurrence of conventional antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including anti-beta2glycoprotein-I (beta2GPI) and anti-cardiolipin (CL) (2).ObjectivesWe investigated associations between anti-PS/PT and HLA-DRB1 alleles and thrombosis in patients with SLE. Conventional aPL were included for comparison.MethodsWe included 341 consecutive Swedish SLE patients, with information on general cardiovascular risk factors, including blood lipids, lupus anticoagulant (LAC) and thrombotic events. Anti-PS/PT, anti-beta2GPI and anti-CL of IgA/G/M isotypes were quantified in parallel using particle-based multi-analyte technology. The 99th percentiles among 162 age- and sex-matched populations controls were used as cutoffs. HLA-DRB1 typing was performed using sequence-specific primer PCR.ResultsAnti-PS/PT antibodies associated positively with HLA-DRB1*13 (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, P=0.002), whereas anti-beta2GPI and anti-CL antibodies associated primarily with HLA-DRB1*04 (OR 2.5, P=0.0005; Table 1). These associations remained after adjustment for other significant HLA-DRB1 alleles identified in Table 1 (Figure 1a and b) also for LAC (Figure 1c), and also after adjustment for age and gender (not shown). HLA-DRB1*13, but not DRB1*04, remained as an independent risk factor for thrombosis after adjustment for significant HLA alleles (Figure 1d), and also after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in stepwise regression (not shown). Mediation analysis showed that 31.3% of the HLA-DRB1*13-related risk for thrombosis was mediated by anti-PS/PT positivity. HLA-DRB1*03, on the other hand, associated negatively with thrombotic events (Figure 1d) as well as with all aPL (Figure 1a-c). HLA-DRB1*03 had thrombo-protective effect in aPL positive patients (Figure 1d). Additionally, HLA-DRB1*03 positivity was associated with a favourable lipid profile regarding high-density lipoprotein (median 1.4 vs. 1.2 mmol/L, p=0.02) and triglycerides (median 0.9 vs 1.1 mmol/L, p=0.04); whereas no other HLA-DRB1 alleles showed any associations to lipid levels.Table 1.Frequency of individual HLA DRB1 and associations with antibody phenotypes. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for being antibody positive given a specific HLA allele and corresponding p values were calculated using Chi2 tests, with significant associations underlined.HLA DRB1HLA-DRB1 n (%) total patientsAnti-PS/PT positive (any isotype) n=48OR (95%CI); PAnti-β2GPI or anti-CL positive (any isotype) n=96OR (95%CI); P*0141 (12.9%)4 (8.3%)0.6 (0.2-1.7); 0.311 (11.4%)0.8 (0.4-1.7); 0.6*03147 (46.5%)13 (27.1%)0.4 (0.2-0.7); 0.00433 (34.4%)0.5 (0.3-0.8); 0.006*0494 (29.7%)18 (37.5%)1.6 (0.8-2.9); 0.241 (42.7%)2.5 (1.5-4.1); 0.0005*0728 (8.9%)6 (12.5%)1.5 (0.6-4); 0.49 (9.4%)1 (0.4-2.4); 0.9*0828 (8.9%)6 (12.5%)1.6 (0.6-4.3); 0.39 (9.4%)1.2 (0.5-2.7); 0.7*099 (2.8%)1 (2.1%)0.7 (0.1-5.5); 0.72 (2.1%)0.6 (0.1-3.0); 0.5*107 (2.2%)0 (0)NA2 (2.1%)0.9 (0.2-4.6); 0.9*1127 (8.5%)6 (12.5%)1.6 (0.6-4.3); 0.38 (8.3%)0.9 (0.4-2.2); 0.8*127 (2.2%)0 (0)NA1 (1%)0.4 (0.05-3.7); 0.4*1379 (25%)21 (43.7%)2.7 (1.4-5.2); 0.00233 (34.3%)2 (1.2-3.4%); 0.01*146 (1.9%)2 (4.2%)3.7 (0.6-23); 0.12 (2.1%)1.4 (0.2-8.9); 0.8*15118 (37.3%)12 (48%)0.5 (0.2-0.9); 0.04527 (28.1%)0.5 (0.3-0.9); 0.01*168 (2.5%)1 (2.1%)0.8 (0.09-6.4); 0.84 (4.2%)2.2 (0.5-9.2); 0.2ConclusionHLA-DRB1*13 confers risk for both anti-PS/PT and thrombotic events in SLE. The association between HLA-DRB1*13 and thrombosis is largely, but not entirely, mediated through anti-PS/PT. Due to the negative association of HLA-DRB1*03 with aPL and the positive association with favourable lipid levels, HLA-DRB1*03 seems to identify a subgroup of SLE patients with reduced vascular risk.References[1]Elbagir S et al. Lupus 2021;30(8):1289.[2]Lundström E et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1018.Disclosure of InterestsSahwa Elbagir: None declared, Lina M. Diaz-Gallo: None declared, Giorgia Grosso: None declared, Agneta Zickert: None declared, Iva Gunnarsson: None declared, Michael Mahler Employee of: Dr Mahler is employee of Werfen., Elisabet Svenungsson Speakers bureau: Dr Svennungson has obtained speaker’s fees from Janssen., Grant/research support from: Dr Svennungson has obtained research grant from Merck., Johan Rönnelid Speakers bureau: Dr Rönnelid has given paid lectures for Thermo Fisher Scientific., Consultant of: Dr Rönnelid has been a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Khaleva, E, et al.
(författare)
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Definitions of non-response and response to biological therapy for severe asthma: a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologics have proven efficacy for patients with severe asthma but there is lack of consensus on defining response. We systematically reviewed and appraised methodologically developed, defined, and evaluated definitions of non-response and response to biologics for severe asthma.MethodsWe searched four bibliographic databases from inception to 15th March 2021 (PROSPERO: CRD42021211249).Two reviewers screened references, extracted data, assessed methodological quality of development, measurement properties of outcome measures and definitions of response based on COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Modified GRADE approach and narrative synthesis were undertaken.ResultsThirteen studies reported three composite outcome measures, three measures of asthma symptoms, one asthma control and one quality of life. Only four were developed with patient input; none were composite measures. Studies utilised 17 definitions of response: 10/17 (58.8%) were based on Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) or Minimal Important Difference (MID) and 16/17 (94.1%) had high quality evidence. Results were limited by poor methodology for development process and incomplete reporting of psychometric properties. Most measures rated “very low” to “low” for quality of measurement properties and none met all quality standards.ConclusionThis is the first review to synthesize evidence about definitions of response to biologics for severe asthma. While high quality definitions are available, most are MCIDs or MIDs which may be insufficient to justify continuation of biologics in terms of cost-effectiveness. There remains an unmet need for universally accepted, patient-centred, composite definitions to aid clinical decision making and comparability of responses to biologics.
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| 15. |
- Petrushevska, T., et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for Strongly Lensed Supernovae Behind Hubble Frontier Fields Galaxy Clusters with the James Webb Space Telescope
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astronomy reports (Print). - 1063-7729 .- 1562-6881. ; 62:12, s. 917-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring time delays from strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) is emerging as a novel and independent tool for estimating the Hubble constant (H-0). This is very important given the recent discord in the value of H-0) from two methods that probe different distance ranges. The success of this technique will rely of our ability to discover strongly lensed SNe with measurable time delays. Here, we present the magnifications and the time delays for the multiply-imaged galaxies behind the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) galaxy clusters, by using recently published lensing models. Continuing on our previous work done for Abell 1689 (A1689) and Abell 370, we also show the prospects of observing strongly lensed SNe behind the HFF clusters with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). With four 1-hour visits in one year, the summed expectations of all six HFF clusters are similar to 0.5 core-collapse (CC) SNe and 0.06 Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) in F115W band, while with F150W the expectations are higher, similar to 0.9 CC SNe and similar to 0.06 SNe Ia. These estimates match those expected by only surveying A1689, proving that the performance of A1689 as gravitational telescope is superior. In the five HFF clusters presented here, we find that F150W will be able to detect SNe Ia (SNe IIP) exploding in 93 (80) pairsmultiply-imaged galaxies with time delays of less than 5 years.
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