| 341. |
- Vergnaud, Anne-Claire, et al.
(författare)
-
Meat consumption and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 92:2, s. 398-407
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Meat intake may be related to weight gain because of its high energy and fat content. Some observational studies have shown that meat consumption is positively associated with weight gain, but intervention studies have shown mixed results. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the association between consumption of total meat, red meat, poultry, and processed meat and weight gain after 5 y of follow-up, on average, in the large European population who participated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (EPIC-PANACEA) project. DESIGN: A total of 103,455 men and 270,348 women aged 25-70 y were recruited between 1992 and 2000 in 10 European countries. Diet was assessed at baseline with the use of country-specific validated questionnaires. A dietary calibration study was conducted in a representative subsample of the cohort. Weight and height were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up in most centers. Associations between energy from meat (kcal/d) and annual weight change (g/y) were assessed with the use of linear mixed models, controlled for age, sex, total energy intake, physical activity, dietary patterns, and other potential confounders. RESULTS: Total meat consumption was positively associated with weight gain in men and women, in normal-weight and overweight subjects, and in smokers and nonsmokers. With adjustment for estimated energy intake, an increase in meat intake of 250 g/d (eg, one steak at approximately 450 kcal) would lead to a 2-kg higher weight gain after 5 y (95% CI: 1.5, 2.7 kg). Positive associations were observed for red meat, poultry, and processed meat. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a decrease in meat consumption may improve weight management.
|
|
| 342. |
- Vesper, Hubert W., et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-sectional study on acrylamide hemoglobin adducts in subpopulations from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 56:15, s. 6046-6053
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered.
|
|
| 343. |
|
|
| 344. |
- Vickers, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
-
A Panel of Kallikrein Marker Predicts Prostate Cancer in a Large, Population-Based Cohort Followed for 15 Years without Screening
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 20:2, s. 255-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has modest specificity for prostate cancer. A panel of four kallikrein markers (total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and kallikrein-related peptidase 2) is a highly accurate predictor of biopsy outcome. The clinical significance of biopsy-detectable cancers in men classified as low-risk by this panel remains unclear. Methods: The Malmo Diet and Cancer study is a population-based cohort of 11,063 Swedish men aged 45 to 73 providing a blood sample at baseline during 1991-1996. The Swedish Cancer Registry was used to identify 943 men diagnosed with prostate cancer by December 31, 2006. PSA testing was low. We assessed the predictive accuracy of our published statistical model to predict subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis in men with a total PSA level of 3.0 ng/mL or more at baseline. Results: Compared with total PSA and age, the full kallikrein panel enhanced the predictive accuracy for clinically diagnosed prostate cancer (concordance index 0.65 vs. 0.75; P < 0.001). For every 1,000 men with a total PSA level of 3 ng/mL or more at baseline, the model would classify as high-risk 131 of 152 (86%) of the cancer cases diagnosed clinically within 5 years; 421 men would be classified as low-risk by the panel and recommended against biopsy. Of these, only 2 would be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer (clinical T3-T4 or metastases) within 5 years. Conclusions: Men with a PSA level of 3 ng/mL or more but defined as low-risk by the panel of four kallikrein markers are unlikely to develop incurable prostate cancer. Impact: Use of the panel to determine referral to biopsy could substantially reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 255-61. (C)2010 AACR.
|
|
| 345. |
- Vickers, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
-
Prostate specific antigen concentration at age 60 and death or metastasis from prostate cancer : Case-control study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: BMJ (Online). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138 .- 1468-5833. ; 341:7773
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the relation between concentrations of prostate specific antigen at age 60 and subsequent diagnosis of clinically relevant prostate cancer in an unscreened population to evaluate whether screening for prostate cancer and chemoprevention could be stratified by risk. Design: Case-control study with 1:3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort study. Setting: General population of Sweden taking part in the Malmo Preventive Project. Cancer registry at the National Board of Health and Welfare. Participants: 1167 men aged 60 who provided blood samples in 1981 and were followed up to age 85. Main outcome measures: Metastasis or death from prostate cancer. Results: The rate of screening during the course of the study was low. There were 43 cases of metastasis and 35 deaths from prostate cancer. Concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 was associated with prostate cancer metastasis (area under the curve 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.92; P<0.001) and death from prostate cancer (0.90, 0.84 to 0.96; P<0.001). The greater the number for the area under the curve (values from 0 to 1) the better the test. Although only a minority of the men with concentrations in the top quarter (>2 ng/ml) develop fatal prostate cancer, 90% (78% to 100%) of deaths from prostate cancer occurred in these men. Conversely, men aged 60 with concentrations at the median or lower (≤1 ng/ml) were unlikely to have clinically relevant prostate cancer (0.5% risk of metastasis by age 85 and 0.2% risk of death from prostate cancer). Conclusions: The concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 predicts lifetime risk of metastasis and death from prostate cancer. Though men aged 60 with concentrations below the median (≤1 ng/ml) might harbour prostate cancer, it is unlikely to become life threatening. Such men could be exempted from further screening, which should instead focus on men with higher concentrations.
|
|
| 346. |
- Vickers, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
-
Strategy for detection of prostate cancer based on relation between prostate specific antigen at age 40-55 and long term risk of metastasis: case-control study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMJ: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 346, s. 2023-2023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To determine the association between concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) at age 40-55 and subsequent risk of prostate cancer metastasis and mortality in an unscreened population to evaluate when to start screening for prostate cancer and whether rescreening could be risk stratified. Design Case-control study with 1: 3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort study. Setting Malmo Preventive Project, Sweden. Participants 21 277 Swedish men aged 27-52 (74% of the eligible population) who provided blood at baseline in 1974-84, and 4922 men invited to provide a second sample six years later. Rates of PSA testing remained extremely low during median follow-up of 27 years. Main outcome measures Metastasis or death from prostate cancer ascertained by review of case notes. Results Risk of death from prostate cancer was associated with baseline PSA: 44% (95% confidence interval 34% to 53%) of deaths occurred in men with a PSA concentration in the highest 10th of the distribution of concentrations at age 45-49 (>= 1.6 mu g/L), with a similar proportion for the highest 10th at age 51-55 (>= 2.4 mu g/L: 44%, 32% to 56%). Although a 25-30 year risk of prostate cancer metastasis could not be ruled out by concentrations below the median at age 45-49 (0.68 mu g/L) or 51-55 (0.85 mu g/L), the 15 year risk remained low at 0.09% (0.03% to 0.23%) at age 45-49 and 0.28% (0.11% to 0.66%) at age 51-55, suggesting that longer intervals between screening would be appropriate in this group. Conclusion Measurement of PSA concentration in early midlife can identify a small group of men at increased risk of prostate cancer metastasis several decades later. Careful surveillance is warranted in these men. Given existing data on the risk of death by PSA concentration at age 60, these results suggest that three lifetime PSA tests (mid to late 40s, early 50s, and 60) are probably sufficient for at least half of men.
|
|
| 347. |
- Videnros, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating the risk of breast cancer among women exposed to chemicals : a nested case–control study using improved exposure estimates
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 93:2, s. 261-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine if exposures to chemicals at the workplace were associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, using improved exposure estimates. Methods: The design is a case–control study, nested within a cohort of women from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The study comprised 2400 women, 731 cases and 1669 matched controls, born 1923–1950 and living in Malmö, Sweden between 1991 and 1996. An occupational hygienist reclassified the probability for exposure given by a job-exposure matrix, using individual data on work tasks. First-time diagnoses of invasive breast cancer were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Results: Women exposed to chemicals in their occupational environment had a statistically significantly increased risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.29) of breast cancer, and the risk correlated positively with duration of exposure but not with exposure intensity. Women exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents for more than 10 years had a significant higher risk of breast cancer (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.18–7.96) as well as women exposed to oil mist for more than 10 years (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.12–8.49). Conclusions: This study gives some support to the hypothesis that exposure to organic solvents as well as oil mist is associated with increased risk of breast cancer.
|
|
| 348. |
- Vineis, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
-
Lung cancers attributable to environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in non-smokers in different European countries: a prospective study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Environmental Health. - 1476-069X. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several countries are discussing new legislation on the ban of smoking in public places, and on the acceptable levels of traffic-related air pollutants. It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution. Methods: We have estimated exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and to air pollution in never smokers and ex-smokers in a large prospective study in 10 European countries (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)(N = 520,000). We report estimates of the proportion of lung cancers attributable to ETS and air pollution in this population. Results: The proportion of lung cancers in never-and ex-smokers attributable to ETS was estimated as between 16 and 24%, mainly due to the contribution of work-related exposure. We have also estimated that 5-7% of lung cancers in European never smokers and ex-smokers are attributable to high levels of air pollution, as expressed by NO2 or proximity to heavy traffic roads. NO2 is the expression of a mixture of combustion (traffic-related) particles and gases, and is also related to power plants and waste incinerator emissions. Discussion: We have estimated risks of lung cancer attributable to ETS and traffic-related air pollution in a large prospective study in Europe. Information bias can be ruled out due to the prospective design, and we have thoroughly controlled for potential confounders, including restriction to never smokers and long-term ex-smokers. Concerning traffic-related air pollution, the thresholds for indicators of exposure we have used are rather strict, i.e. they correspond to the high levels of exposure that characterize mainly Southern European countries (levels of NO2 in Denmark and Sweden are closer to 10-20 ug/m(3), whereas levels in Italy are around 30 or 40, or higher). Therefore, further reduction in exposure levels below 30 ug/m(3) would correspond to additional lung cancer cases prevented, and our estimate of 5-7% is likely to be an underestimate. Overall, our prospective study draws attention to the need for strict legislation concerning the quality of air in Europe.
|
|
| 349. |
- Vollset, Stein Emil, et al.
(författare)
-
The association of gastric cancer risk with plasma folate, cobalamin, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 16:11, s. 2416-2424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown inconsistent associations of folate intake and polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with gastric cancer risk. Our nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort is the first prospective study of blood folate levels and gastric cancer. Gastric cancer cases (n = 247) and controls (n = 631) were matched for study center, age, sex, and time of blood donation. Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene were determined, as were plasma concentrations of folate, cobalamin (vitamin B12), total homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid (cobalamin deficiency marker) in prediagnostic plasma. Risk measures were calculated with conditional logistic regression. Although no relations were observed between plasma folate or total homocysteine concentrations and gastric cancer, we observed a trend toward lower risk of gastric cancer with increasing cobalamin concentrations (odds ratio, 0.79 per SD increase in cobalamin; P = 0.01). Further analyses showed that the inverse association between cobalamin and gastric cancer was confined to cancer cases with low pepsinogen A levels (marker of severe chronic atrophic gastritis) at the time of blood sampling. The 677 C -> T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated with gastric cancer, but we observed an increased risk with the variant genotype of the 1298 A -> C polymorphism (odds ratio, 1.47 for CC versus AA; P = 0.04). In conclusion, we found no evidence of a role of folate in gastric cancer etiology. However, we observed increased gastric cancer risk at low cobalamin levels that was most likely due to compromised cobalamin status in atrophic gastritis preceding gastric cancer.
|
|
| 350. |
|
|
