| 81. |
|
|
| 82. |
- Sanikini, Harinakshi, et al.
(författare)
-
Anthropometric and reproductive factors and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite : Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:4, s. 929-942
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity has been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers; however, there are limited prospective data on associations by subtype/subsite. Obesity can impact hormonal factors, which have been hypothesized to play a role in these cancers. We investigated anthropometric and reproductive factors in relation to esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite for 476,160 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 220 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), 195 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 243 gastric cardia (GC) and 373 gastric noncardia (GNC) cancers were diagnosed. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with EA in men (BMI ≥30 vs. 18.5–25 kg/m2: HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25–3.03) and women (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15–6.19); however, adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attenuated these associations. After mutual adjustment for BMI and HC, respectively, WHR and waist circumference (WC) were associated with EA in men (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.06 for WHR >0.96 vs. <0.91; HR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52–4.72 for WC >98 vs. <90 cm) and women (HR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.35–14.33 for WHR >0.82 vs. <0.76; HR = 5.67, 95% CI: 1.76–18.26 for WC >84 vs. <74 cm). WHR was also positively associated with GC in women, and WC was positively associated with GC in men. Inverse associations were observed between parity and EA (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–0.99; >2 vs. 0) and age at first pregnancy and GNC (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91; >26 vs. <22 years); whereas bilateral ovariectomy was positively associated with GNC (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04–3.36). These findings support a role for hormonal pathways in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
|
|
| 83. |
- Saunders, Marie Claire, et al.
(författare)
-
The Associations between Callous-unemotional Traits and Symptoms of Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity and Emotional Problems: A Study of Adolescent Twins Screened for Neurodevelopmental Problems.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of abnormal child psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2835 .- 0091-0627. ; 47:3, s. 447-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of empathy, lack of guilt, shallow affect) are associated with severe and persistent conduct problems in youth. There is evidence showing a substantial genetic correlation between CU traits and conduct problems. The etiological associations between CU traits and other psychopathological symptoms, including symptoms of hyperactivity and emotional problems (such as anxiety and depression symptoms), have been less explored. To examine the etiological associations between CU traits and symptoms of conduct problems, hyperactivity and emotional problems separately through the use of a twin design. Participants were same-sex twin pairs (n=426 twins; 42% female; 43% MZ; age=15) drawn from the Child and Adolescents Twin Study in Sweden, a longitudinal study of twins born in Sweden. The sample was mainly composed of children who screenpositive on neurodevelopmental problems/mental health problems or at-risk children (i.e., screen-negative children considered to be genetically at-risk siblings). We used self-report measures of CU traits, conduct problems, hyperactivity and emotional problems. Model-fitting analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. We found a strong positive genetic correlation between CU traits and conduct problems and a moderate genetic correlation between CU traits and hyperactivity. We also found a relatively modest, but significant negative genetic correlation between CU traits and emotional problems. Using a sample of adolescent twins screened for neurodevelopmental problems, we replicated previous findings that showed a strong genetic correlation between CU traits and conduct problems and we extended research by examining further the etiological associations between CU traits and symptoms of hyperactivity and emotional problems.
|
|
| 84. |
- Scheers, Nathalie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in aqueous solutions containing food chelators by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Electroanalysis. - : Wiley. - 1040-0397 .- 1521-4109. ; 22:10, s. 1090-1096
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to investigate interactions between iron and food chelators in an aqueous environment. The net complexation were investigated by DPASV in a NaClO4 electrolyte using a platinum electrode. The experimental conditions were simulating the environment of the human duodenum. The results indicated a net coordination affinity between Fe2+ and the organic acids in the following order; ascorbic acidphytate>pyruvate>lactate>acetate. For Fe3+ net complexation, the stability was in the order of lactate>phytate>pyruvate>acetate>citrate. In conclusion, DPASV in conjunction with a platinum electrode is suitable for studies in aqueous systems where the net complexation of metal is important.
|
|
| 85. |
|
|
| 86. |
- Stratoulias, Vassilis, et al.
(författare)
-
ARG1-expressing microglia show a distinct molecular signature and modulate postnatal development and function of the mouse brain
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 26:6, s. 1008-1020
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular diversity of microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, is reported. Whether microglial subsets characterized by the expression of specific proteins constitute subtypes with distinct functions has not been fully elucidated. Here we describe a microglial subtype expressing the enzyme arginase-1 (ARG1; that is, ARG1+ microglia) that is found predominantly in the basal forebrain and ventral striatum during early postnatal mouse development. ARG1+ microglia are enriched in phagocytic inclusions and exhibit a distinct molecular signature, including upregulation of genes such as Apoe, Clec7a, Igf1, Lgals3 and Mgl2, compared to ARG1- microglia. Microglial-specific knockdown of Arg1 results in deficient cholinergic innervation and impaired dendritic spine maturation in the hippocampus where cholinergic neurons project, which in turn results in impaired long-term potentiation and cognitive behavioral deficiencies in female mice. Our results expand on microglia diversity and provide insights into microglia subtype-specific functions.
|
|
| 87. |
- Tesinsky, Milan, et al.
(författare)
-
MCNPX simulations of the SCANDAL setup for measurement of neutron scattering cross section at 175MeV
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 81:6, s. 065202-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scattered Nucleon Detection Assembly (SCANDAL) setup at The Svedberg Laboratory has been used to produce neutron elastic scattering cross section data at 175MeV for bismuth and iron. This work presents MCNPX simulations of the experimental setup and aims to describe processes and data important for the upcoming off-line data analysis. In the experiment, neutrons scattered off the target are converted to protons, which are stopped in scintillator crystals. The results include a description of the proton spectra dependence on the neutron-to-proton conversion angle, suggesting a cut at a conversion angle of 15.2 degrees. Calculation of the hit position gates indicates high proton leakage from the crystals. A study of the converter describes the role of its chemical composition and also the role of other plastic scintillators on the proton spectra. The neutron-to-proton conversion efficiency of the converter simulated by MCNPX is 5.1x10(-4) and corresponds to theoretical predictions.
|
|
| 88. |
|
|
| 89. |
|
|
