| 3571. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis with the exome array identifies multiple new independent variants in lipid loci
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 25:18, s. 4094-4106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been hypothesized that low frequency (1-5% minor allele frequency (MAF)) and rare (<1% MAF) variants with large effect sizes may contribute to the missing heritability in complex traits. Here, we report an association analysis of lipid traits (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol triglycerides) in up to 27 312 individuals with a comprehensive set of low frequency coding variants (ExomeChip), combined with conditional analysis in the known lipid loci. No new locus reached genome-wide significance. However, we found a new lead variant in 26 known lipid association regions of which 16 were >1000-fold more significant than the previous sentinel variant and not in close LD (six had MAF <5%). Furthermore, conditional analysis revealed multiple independent signals (ranging from 1 to 5) in a third of the 98 lipid loci tested, including rare variants. Addition of our novel associations resulted in between 1.5- and 2.5-fold increase in the proportion of heritability explained for the different lipid traits. Our findings suggest that rare coding variants contribute to the genetic architecture of lipid traits.
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| 3572. |
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| 3573. |
- Karagozoglu, E., et al.
(författare)
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Bargaining under time pressure from deadlines
- 2019
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Ingår i: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 22:2, s. 419-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally investigate the effect of time pressure from deadlines in a rich-context bargaining game with an induced reference point at the 2/3-1/3 distribution. Our results show that first proposals, concessions, and settlements are very similar for different time-pressure levels. Nevertheless, time pressure systematically influences the type of agreements reached: the likelihood of bargainers reaching agreements on the equal split is lower under time pressure. Furthermore, disagreements and last-moment-agreements (conditional on reaching an agreement) are more frequently observed under time pressure, though the effect on last-moment agreements disappears when disagreements are included in the analysis. Finally, the effect of time-pressure on the frequency of disagreements is stronger for those pairs with higher tension in first proposals.
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| 3574. |
- Karki, Arjun, et al.
(författare)
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MUSE-ALMA Haloes - IX. Morphologies and stellar properties of gas-rich galaxies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 524:4, s. 5524-5547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how galaxies interact with the circumgalactic medium (CGM) requires determining how galaxies’ morphological and stellar properties correlate with their CGM properties. We report an analysis of 66 well-imaged galaxies detected in Hubble Space Telescope and Very Large Telescope MUSE observations and determined to be within ±500 km s−1 of the redshifts of strong intervening quasar absorbers at 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.4 with H I column densities NHI>1018cm−2�HI>1018cm−2. We present the geometrical properties (Sérsic indices, effective radii, axis ratios, and position angles) of these galaxies determined using GALFIT. Using these properties along with star formation rates (SFRs, estimated using the H α or [O II] luminosity) and stellar masses (M* estimated from spectral energy distribution fits), we examine correlations among various stellar and CGM properties. Our main findings are as follows: (1) SFR correlates well with M*, and most absorption-selected galaxies are consistent with the star formation main sequence of the global population. (2) More massive absorber counterparts are more centrally concentrated and are larger in size. (3) Galaxy sizes and normalized impact parameters correlate negatively with NHI, consistent with higher NHI absorption arising in smaller galaxies, and closer to galaxy centres. (4) Absorption and emission metallicities correlate with M* and specific SFR, implying metal-poor absorbers arise in galaxies with low past star formation and faster current gas consumption rates. (5) SFR surface densities of absorption-selected galaxies are higher than predicted by the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation for local galaxies, suggesting a higher star formation efficiency in the absorption-selected galaxies.
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| 3575. |
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| 3576. |
- Karlberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Low-cost drip irrigation of tomatoes using saline water: a suitable technology for southern Africa?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Agricultural Water Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3774 .- 1873-2283. ; 89:1-2, s. 59-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using saline water for. irrigation increases water productivity by freeing up fresh water that can be allocated to domestic or other uses. Drip irrigation is widely regarded as the most promising irrigation system in combination with saline water. Simple drip irrigation kits that are affordable for smallholder farmers have successfully been implemented for irrigation of vegetable gardens in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The possibility of using low-cost drip irrigation with saline water to successfully irrigate a common garden crop, tomatoes, was tested in this study. Two low-cost drip irrigation systems with different emitter discharge rates (0.2 and 2.5 1 h(-2)) were used to irrigate tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. "Daniella") with water of three different salinity levels (0, 3 and 6 dS m(-1)). In addition, plastic mulch to minimise soil evaporation was also compared to a "bare soil" or uncovered treatment. Two consecutive tomato crops (spring and autumn) were produced during two growing seasons, starting from September 2003 and ending in April 2004, at the Hatfield Experimental Farm in Pretoria, South Africa. An average yield of 75 Mg ha(-1) was recorded for all treatments and seasons, which can be compared with the average marketable yield for South Africa of approximately 31.4 Mg ha(-1). Even at the highest irrigation water salinity (6 dS m(-1)), a yield above the average marketable yield was achieved, indicating that low-cost drip irrigation works well in combination with saline water. Furthermore, the study showed that the choice of drip irrigation system with regard to discharge rate is of minor importance when irrigating with saline water. However, combining low-cost drip irrigation with plastic mulch increased the yield by on average 10 Mg ha(-1) for all treatments. For the bare soil treatments, rainfall had an important role in the leaching of salts from the soils. Finally, the study showed that specific leaf area was higher at high irrigation water salinities, which is contrary to results from other studies. To be able to generalise the promising findings from this study, there is a need to mechanistically model the impact of different climates, soils and irrigation management practices, as well as the long-term sustainability of these systems.
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| 3577. |
- Karlsson, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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TiO2 chemical vapor deposition on Si(111) in ultrahigh vacuum: Transition from interfacial phase to crystalline phase in the reaction limited regime
- 2011
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 605:13-14, s. 1147-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between the metal organic precursor molecule titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) and three different surfaces has been studied: Si(111)-(7 x 7), SiOx/Si(111) and TiO2. These surfaces represent the different surface compositions encountered during TTIP mediated TiO2 chemical vapor deposition on Si(111). The surface chemistry of the titanium(IV) isopropoxide precursor and the film growth have been explored by core level photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The resulting film morphology has been imaged with scanning tunneling microscopy. The growth rate depends on both surface temperature and surface composition. The behavior can be rationalized in terms of the surface stability of isopropoxy and isopropyl groups, confirming that growth at 573 K is a reaction limited process. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3578. |
- Karlsson, Rickard K. A., et al.
(författare)
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Using Time-Series Privileged Information for Provably Efficient Learning of Prediction Models
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. - 2640-3498. ; 151, s. 5459-5484
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study prediction of future outcomes with supervised models that use privileged information during learning. The privileged information comprises samples of time series observed between the baseline time of prediction and the future outcome; this information is only available at training time which differs from the traditional supervised learning. Our question is when using this privileged data leads to more sample-efficient learning of models that use only baseline data for predictions at test time. We give an algorithm for this setting and prove that when the time series are drawn from a non-stationary Gaussian-linear dynamical system of fixed horizon, learning with privileged information is more efficient than learning without it. On synthetic data, we test the limits of our algorithm and theory, both when our assumptions hold and when they are violated. On three diverse real-world datasets, we show that our approach is generally preferable to classical learning, particularly when data is scarce. Finally, we relate our estimator to a distillation approach both theoretically and empirically. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 3579. |
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| 3580. |
- Karyotaki, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression : A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 78:4, s. 361-371
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Personalized treatment choices would increase the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression to the extent that patients differ in interventions that better suit them.OBJECTIVE: To provide personalized estimates of short-term and long-term relative efficacy of guided and unguided iCBT for depression using patient-level information.DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to January 1, 2019.STUDY SELECTION: Eligible RCTs were those comparing guided or unguided iCBT against each other or against any control intervention in individuals with depression. Available individual patient data (IPD) was collected from all eligible studies. Depression symptom severity was assessed after treatment, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We conducted a systematic review and IPD network meta-analysis and estimated relative treatment effect sizes across different patient characteristics through IPD network meta-regression.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores.RESULTS: Of 42 eligible RCTs, 39 studies comprising 9751 participants with depression contributed IPD to the IPD network meta-analysis, of which 8107 IPD were synthesized. Overall, both guided and unguided iCBT were associated with more effectiveness as measured by PHQ-9 scores than control treatments over the short term and the long term. Guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT (mean difference [MD] in posttreatment PHQ-9 scores, -0.8; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2), but we found no evidence of a difference at 6 or 12 months following randomization. Baseline depression was found to be the most important modifier of the relative association for efficacy of guided vs unguided iCBT. Differences between unguided and guided iCBT in people with baseline symptoms of subthreshold depression (PHQ-9 scores 5-9) were small, while guided iCBT was associated with overall better outcomes in patients with baseline PHQ-9 greater than 9.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this network meta-analysis with IPD, guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT for individuals with depression, benefits were more substantial in individuals with moderate to severe depression. Unguided iCBT was associated with similar effectiveness among individuals with symptoms of mild/subthreshold depression. Personalized treatment selection is entirely possible and necessary to ensure the best allocation of treatment resources for depression.
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