| 41. |
- Melas, Philippe A., et al.
(author)
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Neuropeptide Y : Identification of a novel rat mRNA splice-variant that is downregulated in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of a depression-like model
- 2012
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In: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 35:1, s. 49-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to influence emotional processing and decreased NPY levels have been associated with mood and anxiety disorders. Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA is a cellular mechanism that allows for transcriptome diversity, yet there is limited knowledge in this respect with regard to Npy. Since the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex play an important role in affective disorders, we investigated alternative splicing of Npy in these regions of a rat model of depression (Flinders Sensitive Line, FSL) and its controls (Flinders Resistant Line, FRL). The existence of different Npy messenger RNA (mRNA) variants was examined using 5' and 3' RACE. In addition to the Npy mRNA species annotated in GenBank and Ensembl, we identified a novel short mRNA splice variant. Immunoblotting results argued against a putative translation of this short mRNA into protein in brain tissue. Compared to the FRL, the FSL had reduced short Npy mRNA levels in the HIP (P = 0.00014) and the PFC (P = 0.016). Gene expression analyses in five brain regions of an outbred rat strain supported the presence of the short Npy transcript in all examined regions and showed that it is expressed in similar to 2.4-fold lower levels than the long Npy mRNA. Finally, sequencing of the 5' RACE products revealed a transcription start site of Npy that is different from the currently annotated position. These data add to the characterization of the rat Npy mRNA and demonstrate the presence of a novel transcript with a so far unknown function.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Nylander, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of microwave irradiation and decapitation. Basal levels of dynorphin and enkephalin peptides and the effect of morphine treatment on dynorphin peptides
- 1997
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In: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 31:4, s. 357-365
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Opioid peptides were analysed in tissue extracts of various brain structures and the pituitary gland from rats sacrificed by microwave irradiation, and compared with peptide levels in tissue extracts from decapitated rats. Dynorphin A, dynorphin B and Leu-enkephalinArg6, derived from prodynorphin, and Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 from proenkephalin, were measured. Basal immunoreactive levels of dynorphin A and B were consistently higher in extracts from microwave-irradiated rats, whereas in these extracts immunoreactive levels of Leu-enkephalinArg6, an endogenous metabolite of dynorphin peptides, were either lower than, the same as or higher than in decapitated rats. Immunoreactive levels of Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 were higher in microwave-irradiated rats. Effects of morphine treatment on prodynorphin peptide levels were evaluated and compared with previous findings in decapitated rats. Dynorphin immunoreactive levels were higher in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of morphine-tolerant rats than in corresponding areas in saline-treated rats. These results indicate tissue-specific metabolism of prodynorphin peptides and show that metabolism of opioid peptides occurs during the dissection procedure after decapitation of the rat even though precautions are taken to minimize degradation.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Playdon, Mary C., et al.
(author)
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Metabolomics Analytics Workflow for Epidemiological Research : Perspectives from the Consortium of Metabolomics Studies (COMETS)
- 2019
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In: Metabolites. - : MDPI. - 2218-1989. ; 9:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The application of metabolomics technology to epidemiological studies is emerging as a new approach to elucidate disease etiology and for biomarker discovery. However, analysis of metabolomics data is complex and there is an urgent need for the standardization of analysis workflow and reporting of study findings. To inform the development of such guidelines, we conducted a survey of 47 cohort representatives from the Consortium of Metabolomics Studies (COMETS) to gain insights into the current strategies and procedures used for analyzing metabolomics data in epidemiological studies worldwide. The results indicated a variety of applied analytical strategies, from biospecimen and data pre-processing and quality control to statistical analysis and reporting of study findings. These strategies included methods commonly used within the metabolomics community and applied in epidemiological research, as well as novel approaches to pre-processing pipelines and data analysis. To help with these discrepancies, we propose use of open-source initiatives such as the online web-based tool COMETS Analytics, which includes helpful tools to guide analytical workflow and the standardized reporting of findings from metabolomics analyses within epidemiological studies. Ultimately, this will improve the quality of statistical analyses, research findings, and study reproducibility.
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| 48. |
- Rejas, M., et al.
(author)
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Performance comparison of phase shifted PWM and sorting method for modular multilevel converters
- 2015
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In: 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE-ECCE Europe 2015, Geneva, Switzerland, 8-10 September. - 9789075815221
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are the solution of preference in HVDC applications due to modularity, scalability, low losses and low filtering requirement. Carrier-based (PWM) and carrier-less (nearest level control) modulation can be applied. By using advanced sorting methods focusing on keeping the capacitor voltage ripple under some limit, unnecessary switching events are eliminated leading to reduced switching losses. This paper presents a comparison between the steady-state performances in terms of output voltage THD and equivalent switching frequency of the Phase Shifted Carrier PWM and NLC plus sorting methods.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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