| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Diez, S., et al.
(author)
-
A double-sided, shield-less stave prototype for the ATLAS Upgrade strip tracker for the High Luminosity LHC
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 9, s. P03012-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A detailed description of the integration structures for the barrel region of the silicon strips tracker of the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade for the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the so-called High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), is presented. This paper focuses on one of the latest demonstrator prototypes recently assembled, with numerous unique features. It consists of a shortened, shield-less, and double sided stave, with two candidate power distributions implemented. Thermal and electrical performances of the prototype are presented, as well as a description of the assembly procedures and tools.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Poley, L., et al.
(author)
-
The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 15:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector [1], its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100% silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2, 3] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.
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| 35. |
- Bates, R. L., et al.
(author)
-
The ATLAS SCT grounding and shielding concept and implementation
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 7, s. P03005-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the design and implementation of the grounding and shielding system for the ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker (SCT). The mitigation of electromagnetic interference and noise pickup through power lines is the critical design goal as they have the potential to jeopardize the electrical performance. We accomplish this by adhering to the ATLAS grounding rules, by avoiding ground loops and isolating the different subdetectors. Noise sources are identified and design rules to protect the SCT against them are described. A rigorous implementation of the design was crucial to achieve the required performance. This paper highlights the location, connection and assembly of the different components that affect the grounding and shielding system: cables, filters, cooling pipes, shielding enclosure, power supplies and others. Special care is taken with the electrical properties of materials and joints. The monitoring of the grounding system during the installation period is also discussed. Finally, after connecting more than four thousand SCT modules to all of their services, electrical, mechanical and thermal within the wider ATLAS experimental environment, dedicated tests show that noise pickup is minimised.
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| 36. |
- Gonzalez-Sevilla, S., et al.
(author)
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A double-sided silicon micro-strip Super-Module for the ATLAS Inner Detector upgrade in the High-Luminosity LHC
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 9, s. P02003-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ATLAS experiment is a general purpose detector aiming to fully exploit the discovery potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It is foreseen that after several years of successful data-taking, the LHC physics programme will be extended in the so-called High-Luminosity LHC, where the instantaneous luminosity will be increased up to 5 x 10(34) cm(-2) s(-1). For ATLAS, an upgrade scenario will imply the complete replacement of its internal tracker, as the existing detector will not provide the required performance due to the cumulated radiation damage and the increase in the detector occupancy. The current baseline layout for the new ATLAS tracker is an all-silicon-based detector, with pixel sensors in the inner layers and silicon micro-strip detectors at intermediate and outer radii. The super-module is an integration concept proposed for the strip region of the future ATLAS tracker, where double-sided stereo silicon micro-strip modules are assembled into a low-mass local support structure. An electrical super-module prototype for eight double-sided strip modules has been constructed. The aim is to exercise the multi-module readout chain and to investigate the noise performance of such a system. In this paper, the main components of the current super-module prototype are described and its electrical performance is presented in detail.
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| 37. |
- Porth, Oliver, et al.
(author)
-
The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project
- 2019
-
In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4365 .- 0067-0049. ; 243:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent developments in compact object astrophysics, especially the discovery of merging neutron stars by LIGO, the imaging of the black hole in M87 by the Event Horizon Telescope, and high- precision astrometry of the Galactic Center at close to the event horizon scale by the GRAVITY experiment motivate the development of numerical source models that solve the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). Here we compare GRMHD solutions for the evolution of a magnetized accretion flow where turbulence is promoted by the magnetorotational instability from a set of nine GRMHD codes: Athena++, BHAC, Cosmos++, ECHO, H-AMR, iharm3D, HARM-Noble, IllinoisGRMHD, and KORAL. Agreement among the codes improves as resolution increases, as measured by a consistently applied, specially developed set of code performance metrics. We conclude that the community of GRMHD codes is mature, capable, and consistent on these test problems.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- McKinney, C., et al.
(author)
-
Evidence that deletion at FCGR3B is a risk factor for systemic sclerosis
- 2012
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In: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 13:6, s. 458-460
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that gene copy number (CN) variation influences clinical phenotype. The low-affinity Fc receptor 3B (FCGR3B) located in the FCGR gene cluster is a CN polymorphic gene involved in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to sites of inflammation and their activation. Given the genetic overlap between systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the strong evidence for FCGR3B CN in the pathology of SLE, we hypothesised that FCGR3B gene dosage influences susceptibility to SSc. We obtained FCGR3B deletion status in 777 European Caucasian cases and 1000 controls. There was an inverse relationship between FCGR3B CN and disease susceptibility. CN of <= 1 was a significant risk factor for SSc (OR = 1.55 (1.13-2.14), P = 0.007) relative to CN >= 2. Although requiring replication, these results suggest that impaired immune complex clearance arising from FCGR3B deficiency contributes to the pathology of SSc, and FCGR3B CN variation is a common risk factor for systemic autoimmunity.
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| 40. |
- Thors, L, et al.
(author)
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Biochanin A, a naturally occurring inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase.
- 2010
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In: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 160:3, s. 549-560
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the endogenous cannabinoid (CB) receptor ligand anandamide (AEA), are effective in a number of animal models of pain. Here, we investigated a series of isoflavones with respect to their abilities to inhibit FAAH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In vitro assays of FAAH activity and affinity for CB receptors were used to characterize key compounds. In vivo assays used were biochemical responses to formalin in anaesthetized mice and the 'tetrad' test for central CB receptor activation. KEY RESULTS: Of the compounds tested, biochanin A was adjudged to be the most promising. Biochanin A inhibited the hydrolysis of 0.5 microM AEA by mouse, rat and human FAAH with IC(50) values of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 microM respectively. The compound did not interact to any major extent with CB(1) or CB(2) receptors, nor with FAAH-2. In anaesthetized mice, URB597 (30 microg i.pl.) and biochanin A (100 microg i.pl.) both inhibited the spinal phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase produced by the intraplantar injection of formalin. The effects of both compounds were significantly reduced by the CB(1) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 (30 microg i.pl.). Biochanin A (15 mg.kg(-1) i.v.) did not increase brain AEA concentrations, but produced a modest potentiation of the effects of 10 mg.kg(-1) i.v. AEA in the tetrad test. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: It is concluded that biochanin A, in addition to its other biochemical properties, inhibits FAAH both in vitro and peripherally in vivo.
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