| 21. |
- Andersen, Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle Morphology And Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 28, s. E353-E353
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Andersen, Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers : a cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 34:47, s. 3624-3631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS:We aimed to investigate the association of number of completed races and finishing time with risk of arrhythmias among participants of Vasaloppet, a 90 km cross-country skiing event.METHODS AND RESULTS:All the participants without cardiovascular disease who completed Vasaloppet during 1989-98 were followed through national registries until December 2005. Primary outcome was hospitalization for any arrhythmia and secondary outcomes were atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), bradyarrhythmias, other supraventricular tachycardias (SVT), and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest (VT/VF/CA). Among 52 755 participants, 919 experienced arrhythmia during follow-up. Adjusting for age, education, and occupational status, those who completed the highest number of races during the period had higher risk of any arrhythmias [hazard ratio (HR)1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.58; for ≥5 vs. 1 completed race], AF (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04-1.61), and bradyarrhythmias (HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.28-3.47). Those who had the fastest relative finishing time also had higher risk of any arrhythmias (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.62; for 100-160% vs. >240% of winning time), AF (1.20; 95% CI 0.93-1.55), and bradyarrhythmias (HR 1.85; 95% CI 0.97-3.54). SVT or VT/VF/CA was not associated with finishing time or number of completed races.CONCLUSIONS:Among male participants of a 90 km cross-country skiing event, a faster finishing time and a high number of completed races were associated with higher risk of arrhythmias. This was mainly driven by a higher incidence of AF and bradyarrhythmias. No association with SVT or VT/VF/CA was found.
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| 23. |
- Andersen, Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle morphology and risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly men
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 22:2, s. 231-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: While it is well known that physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there is still a search for the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its positive effect. Skeletal muscle fibre type can be affected to some extent by exercise, and different fibre types possess different anti-inflammatory and glucometabolic properties that may influence cardiovascular disease risk.DESIGN: Population-based cohort study.METHODS: We investigated relations of skeletal muscle morphology to risk of cardiovascular events in a sample of 466 71-year-old men without cardiovascular disease, of which 295 were physically active (strenuous physical activity at least 3 h/week).RESULTS: During a median of 13.1 years of follow up, 173 major cardiovascular events occurred. Among physically active men, 10% higher proportion of type-I (slow-twitch oxidative) fibres was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.74-0.95) for cardiovascular events, and 10% higher proportion of type-IIx (fast-twitch glycolytic) fibres was associated with a HR of 1.24 (1.06-1.45), adjusting for age. Similar results were observed in several sets of multivariable-adjusted models. No association of muscle fibre type with risk of cardiovascular events was observed among physically inactive men.CONCLUSIONS: Higher skeletal muscle proportion of type-I fibres was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and a higher proportion of type-IIx fibres was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. These relations were only observed in physically active men. Skeletal muscle fibre composition may be a mediator of the protective effects of exercise against cardiovascular disease.
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| 24. |
- Arefalk, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Discontinuation of Smokeless Tobacco and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 130:4, s. 325-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Given the indications of increased risk for fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in people who use snus, a moist smokeless tobacco product, we hypothesized that discontinuation of snus use after an MI would reduce mortality risk. Methods and Results-All patients who were admitted to coronary care units for an MI in Sweden between 2005 and 2009 and were <75 years of age underwent a structured examination 2 months after discharge (the baseline of the present study). We investigated the risk of mortality in post-MI snus quitters (n=675) relative to post-MI continuing snus users (n=1799) using Cox proportional hazards analyses. During follow-up (mean 2.1 years), 83 participants died. The mortality rate was 9.7 (95% confidence interval, 5.7-16.3) per 1000 person-years at risk in post-MI snus quitters and 18.7 (14.8-23.6) per 1000 person-years at risk in post-MI continuing snus users. After adjustment for age and sex, post-MI snus quitters had half the mortality risk of post-MI continuing snus users (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.91). In a multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratio was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.02). The corresponding estimate for people who quit smoking after MI versus post-MI continuing smokers was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.69). Conclusions-In this study, discontinuation of snus use after an MI was associated with a nearly halved mortality risk, similar to the benefit associated with smoking cessation. These observations suggest that the use of snus after MI should be discouraged.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Arefalk, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Smokeless tobacco (snus) and risk of heart failure : results from two Swedish cohorts
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. - : Sage Publications. - 1741-8267 .- 1741-8275 .- 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 19:5, s. 1120-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oral moist snuff (snus) is discussed as a safer alternative to smoking, and its use is increasing. Based on its documented effect on blood pressure, we hypothesized that use of snus increases the risk of heart failure.Design: Two independent Swedish prospective cohorts; the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM), a community-based sample of 1076 elderly men, and the Construction Workers Cohort (CWC), a sample of 118,425 never-smoking male construction workers. Methods: Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate possible associations of snus use with risk of a first hospitalization for heart failure.Results: In ULSAM, 95 men were hospitalized for heart failure, during a median follow up of 8.9 years. In a model adjusted for established risk factors including past and present smoking exposure, current snus use was associated with a higher risk of heart failure [hazard ratio (HR) 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-4.22] relative to non-use. Snus use was particularly associated with risk of non-ischaemic heart failure (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.12-5.82). In CWC, 545 men were hospitalized for heart failure, during a median follow up of 18 years. In multivariable-adjusted models, current snus use was moderately associated with a higher risk of heart failure (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.64) and non-ischaemic heart failure (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97-1.68) relative to never tobacco use.Conclusion: Data from two independent cohorts suggest that use of snus may be associated with a higher risk of heart failure.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Arnold, Melina, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight duration in older adults and cancer risk : a study of cohorts in Europe and the United States
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 31:9, s. 893-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown that cancer risk related to overweight and obesity is mediated by time and might be better approximated by using life years lived with excess weight. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of overweight duration and intensity in older adults on the risk of developing different forms of cancer. Study participants from seven European and one US cohort study with two or more weight assessments during follow-up were included (n = 329,576). Trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across ages were estimated using a quadratic growth model; overweight duration (BMI ≥ 25) and cumulative weighted overweight years were calculated. In multivariate Cox models and random effects analyses, a longer duration of overweight was significantly associated with the incidence of obesity-related cancer [overall hazard ratio (HR) per 10-year increment: 1.36; 95 % CI 1.12-1.60], but also increased the risk of postmenopausal breast and colorectal cancer. Additionally accounting for the degree of overweight further increased the risk of obesity-related cancer. Risks associated with a longer overweight duration were higher in men than in women and were attenuated by smoking. For postmenopausal breast cancer, increased risks were confined to women who never used hormone therapy. Overall, 8.4 % of all obesity-related cancers could be attributed to overweight at any age. These findings provide further insights into the role of overweight duration in the etiology of cancer and indicate that weight control is relevant at all ages. This knowledge is vital for the development of effective and targeted cancer prevention strategies.
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| 30. |
- Aronsson Dannewitz, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized diagnosis-based comorbidity measures for all-cause mortality prediction in a national population-based ICU population
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Nature. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to optimize prediction of long-term all-cause mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, using quantitative register-based comorbidity information assessed from hospital discharge diagnoses prior to intensive care treatment.Material and methods: Adult ICU admissions during 2006 to 2012 in the Swedish intensive care register were followed for at least 4 years. The performance of quantitative comorbidity measures based on the 5-year history of number of hospital admissions, length of stay, and time since latest admission in 36 comorbidity categories was compared in time-to-event analyses with the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS3).Results: During a 7-year period, there were 230,056 ICU admissions and 62,225 deaths among 188,965 unique individuals. The time interval from the most recent hospital stays and total length of stay within each comorbidity category optimized mortality prediction and provided clear separation of risk categories also within strata of age and CCI, with hazard ratios (HRs) comparing lowest to highest quartile ranging from 1.17 (95% CI: 0.52-2.64) to 6.41 (95% CI: 5.19-7.92). Risk separation was also observed within SAPS deciles with HR ranging from 1.07 (95% CI: 0.83-1.38) to 3.58 (95% CI: 2.12-6.03).Conclusion: Baseline comorbidity measures that included the time interval from the most recent hospital stay in 36 different comorbidity categories substantially improved long-term mortality prediction after ICU admission compared to the Charlson index and the SAPS score. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04109001, date of registration 2019-09-26 retrospectively.
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