| 131. |
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| 132. |
- Potapov, Anton M., et al.
(författare)
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Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
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| 133. |
- Rajwa, Pawel, et al.
(författare)
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Research protocol for an observational health data analysis on the adverse events of systemic treatment in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer : big data analytics using the PIONEER platform
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 63, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combination therapies in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), which include the addition of an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor and/or docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy, have been a game changer in the management of this disease stage. However, these therapies come with their fair share of toxicities and side effects. The goal of this observational study is to report drug-related adverse events (AEs), which are correlated with systemic combination therapies for mHSPC. Determining the optimal treatment option requires large cohorts to estimate the tolerability and AEs of these combination therapies in “real-life” patients with mHSPC, as provided in this study. We use a network of databases that includes population-based registries, electronic health records, and insurance claims, containing the overall target population and subgroups of patients defined by unique certain characteristics, demographics, and comorbidities, to compute the incidence of common AEs associated with systemic therapies in the setting of mHSPC. These data sources are standardised using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. We perform the descriptive statistics as well as calculate the AE incidence rate separately for each treatment group, stratified by age groups and index year. The time until the first event is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method within each age group. In the case of episodic events, the anticipated mean cumulative counts of events are calculated. Our study will allow clinicians to tailor optimal therapies for mHSPC patients, and they will serve as a basis for comparative method studies.
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| 134. |
- Rivard, Léna, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia : A Report From the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 145:5, s. 392-409
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing evidence suggests a consistent association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment and dementia that is independent of clinical stroke. This report from the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration summarizes the evidence linking AF to cognitive impairment and dementia. It provides guidance on the investigation and management of dementia in patients with AF on the basis of best available evidence. The document also addresses suspected pathophysiologic mechanisms and identifies knowledge gaps for future research. Whereas AF and dementia share numerous risk factors, the association appears to be independent of these variables. Nevertheless, the evidence remains inconclusive regarding a direct causal effect. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed, some of which are potentially amenable to early intervention, including cerebral microinfarction, AF-related cerebral hypoperfusion, inflammation, microhemorrhage, brain atrophy, and systemic atherosclerotic vascular disease. The mitigating role of oral anticoagulation in specific subgroups (eg, low stroke risk, short duration or silent AF, after successful AF ablation, or atrial cardiopathy) and the effect of rhythm versus rate control strategies remain unknown. Likewise, screening for AF (in cognitively normal or cognitively impaired patients) and screening for cognitive impairment in patients with AF are debated. The pathophysiology of dementia and therapeutic strategies to reduce cognitive impairment warrant further investigation in individuals with AF. Cognition should be evaluated in future AF studies and integrated with patient-specific outcome priorities and patient preferences. Further large-scale prospective studies and randomized trials are needed to establish whether AF is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, to investigate strategies to prevent dementia, and to determine whether screening for unknown AF followed by targeted therapy might prevent or reduce cognitive impairment and dementia.
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| 135. |
- Saad, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of T Cell Dose on Outcome of T Cell-Replete HLA-Matched Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 25:9, s. 1875-1883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data on whether the T cell dose of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products influences transplantation outcomes are conflicting. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we identified 2736 adult patients who underwent first allogeneic PBSC transplantation for acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome between 2008 and 2014 using an HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) or an 8/8-matched unrelated donor (MUD). We excluded ex vivo and in vivo T cell-depleted transplantations. Correlative analysis was performed between CD3(+) T cell dose and the risk of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), relapse, nonrelapse mortality (NRM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Using maximum likelihood estimation, we identified CD3(+) T cell dose cutoff that separated the risk of acute GVHD (aGVHD) grade II-IV in both the MSD and MUD groups. A CD3(+) T cell dose cutoff of 14 x 10(7) cells/kg identified MSD/low CD3(+) (n = 223) and MSD/high CD3(+) (n = 1214), and a dose of 15 x 107 cells/kg identified MUD/low (n = 197) and MUD/high CD3(+) (n = 1102). On univariate analysis, the MSD/high CD3(+) group had a higher cumulative incidence of day +100 aGVHD grade II-IV compared with the MSD/low CD3(+) group (33% versus 25%; P=.009). There were no differences between the 2 groups in engraftment rate, risk of aGVHD grade III-IV or chronic GVHD (cGVHD), NRM, relapse, DFS, or OS. The MUD/high CD3(+) group had a higher cumulative incidence of day +100 aGVHD grade II-IV compared with the MUD/low CD3(+) group (49% versus 41%; P=.04). There were no differences between the 2 groups in engraftment rate, risk of severe aGVHD or cGVHD, NRM, relapse, DFS, or OS. Multivariate analysis of the MSD and MUD groups failed to show an association between CD3(+) T cell dose and the risk of either aGVHD grade II-IV (P=.10 and .07, respectively) or cGVHD (P = .80 and .30, respectively). Subanalysis of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio failed to identify cutoff values predictive of transplantation outcomes; however, using the log-rank test, the sample size was suboptimal for identifying a difference at this cutoff cell dose. In this registry study, the CD3(+) T cell dose of PBSC products did not influence the risk of aGVHD or cGVHD or other transplantation outcomes when using an MSD or an 8/8-matched MUD. Subset analyses of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell doses were not possible given our small sample size. (C) 2019 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 136. |
- Schoonejans, Josca M., et al.
(författare)
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Serum bile acid measurements in women of European and South Asian ethnicity with or without gestational diabetes mellitus: A cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 131:9, s. 1218-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Investigation of serum bile acid profiles in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a multi-ethnic cohort of women who are lean or obese. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: UK multicentre study. Population: Fasting serum from participants of European or South Asian self-reported ethnicity from the PRiDE study, between 23 and 31 weeks of gestation. Methods: Bile acids were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Log-transformed data were analysed using linear regression in STATA/IC 15.0. Main outcome measures: Total bile acids (TBAs), C4, fasting glucose and insulin. Results: The TBAs were 1.327-fold (1.105-1.594) increased with GDM in European women (P = 0.003). Women with GDM had 1.162-fold (1.002-1.347) increased levels of the BA synthesis marker C4 (P = 0.047). In South Asian women, obesity (but not GDM) increased TBAs 1.522-fold (1.193-1.942, P = 0.001). Obesity was associated with 1.420-fold (1.185-1.702) increased primary/secondary BA ratio (P < 0.001) related to 1.355-fold (1.140-1.611) increased primary BA concentrations (P = 0.001). TBAs were positively correlated with fasting glucose (P = 0.039) in all women, and with insulin (P = 0.001) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.001) in women with GDM. Conclusions: Serum BA homeostasis in late gestation depends on body mass index and GDM in ethnicity-specific ways. This suggests ethnicity-specific aetiologies may contribute to metabolic risk in European and South Asian women, with the relationship between BAs and insulin resistance of greater importance in European women. Further studies into ethnicity-specific precision medicine for GDM are required.
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| 137. |
- Sechopoulos, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation dosimetry in digital breast tomosynthesis : report of AAPM Tomosynthesis Subcommittee Task Group 223.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medical physics. - : Wiley. - 2473-4209 .- 0094-2405. ; 41:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The radiation dose involved in any medical imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation needs to be well understood by the medical physics and clinical community. This is especially true of screening modalities. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has recently been introduced into the clinic and is being used for screening for breast cancer in the general population. Therefore, it is important that the medical physics community have the required information to be able to understand, estimate, and communicate the radiation dose levels involved in breast tomosynthesis imaging. For this purpose, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 223 on Dosimetry in Tomosynthesis Imaging has prepared this report that discusses dosimetry in breast imaging in general, and describes a methodology and provides the data necessary to estimate mean breast glandular dose from a tomosynthesis acquisition. In an effort to maximize familiarity with the procedures and data provided in this Report, the methodology to perform the dose estimation in DBT is based as much as possible on that used in mammography dose estimation.
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| 138. |
- Sirami, Clélia, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:33, s. 16442-16447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production.
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| 139. |
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| 140. |
- Thorleifsson, Gudmar, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants near CAV1 and CAV2 are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:10, s. 906-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in 1,263 affected individuals (cases) and 34,877 controls from Iceland. We identified a common sequence variant at 7q31 (rs4236601[ A], odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, P = 5.0 x 10(-10)). We then replicated the association in sample sets of 2,175 POAG cases and 2,064 controls from Sweden, the UK and Australia (combined OR = 1.18, P = 0.0015) and in 299 POAG cases and 580 unaffected controls from Hong Kong and Shantou, China (combined OR = 5.42, P = 0.0021). The risk variant identified here is located close to CAV1 and CAV2, both of which are expressed in the trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of POAG.
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