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Sökning: WFRF:(Munthe Christian 1962 )

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51.
  • Malmqvist, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • What High-Income States Should Do to Address Industrial Antibiotic Pollution
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 13:3, s. 275-287
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Antibiotic resistance is widely recognized as a major threat to public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Recent research suggests that pollution from antibiotics manufacturing is an important driver of resistance development. Using Sweden as an example, this article considers how industrial antibiotic pollution might be addressed by public actors who are in a position to influence the distribution and use of antibiotics in high-income countries with publicly funded health systems. We identify a number of opportunities for these actors to incentivize industry to increase sustainability in antibiotics production. However, we also show that each alternative would create tensions with other significant policy goals, necessitating trade-offs. Since justifiable trade-offs require ethical consideration, we identify and explore the main underlying normative issues, namely, the weighing of local versus global health interests, the weighing of present versus future health interests, and the role of individualistic constraints on the pursuit of collective goals. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the actors have weighty principled reasons for prioritizing the goal of addressing pollution, but that translating this stance into concrete policy requires accommodating significant pragmatic challenges.
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  • Munthe, Christian, 1962 (författare)
  • A Framing Problem of Public Health Ethics: Addressing the Fundamental Issue of Scope
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: 12th World Congress of Bioethics, Mexico City, June 24-28, 2014.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This talk builds on earlier discussion by myself (2008), Coggon (2010), Dawson (2011), Verweij & Dawson (2007), Wilson (2009) et al regarding the basic (normative) goal(s) of public health (PH). It addresses a fundamental issue regarding the foundations of PH ethics of particular interest to the ethics of global health. Regardless of exact proposal on what values are important, there is consensus that the goal of PH must be phrased in terms of a population. However, when that general notion is to be applied (e.g. the classic idea of promoting population health), the issue of what polulation is the relevant one arises, possible to phrase in terms of how wide/restricted the scope of the beneficiaries of an ethically justifiable PH policy should be. That query turns into a conundrum, as no possibly underlying ethical theoretical stance that might otherwise readily serve to answer it seems to fit as a PH ethical foundational assumption. This goes, e.g., for the argument for expanding national health concerns into global ones built on the notion of rights (Pogge 2008). Neither does any existing idea about the goals of PH imply anything specific, but seems rather to be compatible with any possible framing of the scope of ethical PH work. E.g. national PH policy may just as well contribute to realising the PH goals for a small minority population, as for the entire global community. The paper works out the details of this basic framing problem and sketches two alternative suggested routes for approaching its solution, based on Derek Parfit's (1984) notion of "aims" of ethical theories, and pragmatic metaethical ideas in the spirit of Hume, Mackie, Wong, Rawls and others. A provisional argument is made to the benefit of the second route.
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