| 131. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Nygårdsmyr : Botanisk inventering
- 1983
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nygårdsmyr, som är en av Gotlands största kvarvarande myrar, har under mer än 40 års tid varit föremål för tvister mellan naturvårdande krafter och förespråkare för utdikning.Stridigheterna började i slutet på 1930-talet, då några av de dåvarande markägarna begärde syneförrättning för att få dika ut myren. Redan vid denna tidpunkt var de flesta av Gotlands våtmarker torrlagda och uppodlade, varför Nygårdsmyr hade ett stort värde som representant för de på ön förr så vanliga agmyrarna. Den kände växtbiologen Rutger Sernander uttalade efter ett besök på myren önskemål om att området skulle avsättas som naturreservat (Sernander 1941). Vid sidan av botaniska värden ansågs Nygårdsmyr ha ett ovanligt rikt fågelliv (sammanfattat av Högström 1967).I syfte att rädda området lyckades Gotlands naturvårdsförening övertala några andra markägare att överklaga dikningsbeslutet, mot löfte om att betala rättegångskostnaderna. Detta var dock förgäves, då vattendomstolen den 19 september 1941 gav avslag på anförda besvär.Främst beroende på dikningsföretagets stora kostnad i relation till den beräknade vinsten, kom dock ingen dikning till stånd före tillåtlighets tidens utgång. I stället fick Svenska naturskyddsföreningen köpa flera andelar i myren och stod därmed som störste enskilde ägare.Tjugo år senare kom emellertid utdikning av Nygårdsmyr på tapeten igen. Några markägare krävde då sänkning av vattenståndet eftersom deras skog nära myrkanten försumpats. Ärendet handlades av skogsvårdsstyrelsen, som upplyste om att utdikning inte kunde komma till stånd då samtliga ägare, däribland Svenska naturskyddsföreningen, ej var eniga i frågan.Under sommaren 1967 smygdikades dock Nygårdsmyr i den bemärkelsen att en 950 meter lång kanal grävdes från inloppet i riktning mot det största utloppet.Omedelbart efter det att utdikningen blivit känd ansökte Svenska naturskyddsföreningen om reservatsbildning av Nygårdsmyr hos länsstyrelsen på Gotland. Föreningen betonade de skador på växt- och djurliv som utdikningen skulle komma att medföra och framhöll vikten av att kanalen genast lades igen.År 1971 fastslog statens naturvårdsverk i en skrivelse till länsstyrelsen att "Nygårdsmyr äger dokumenterade naturvärden och bör avsättas som naturreservat. Åtgärder bör vidtagas föt att minska skadeverkningarna av de ut förda dikesåtgärderna" (Statens naturvårdsverk 1969).Sedan dess har inget hänt och vegetationen på Nygårdsmyr är idag, 15 år efter ingreppet, starkt påverkad av den uttorkning och spridning av näringsrikt tillrinningsvatten som kanalen åsamkat. Den ursprungliga vegetationen har på stora delar av myren trängts tillbaka av en frodig vegetation som präglas av bunkestarr och videbuskage.Det är mot denna bakgrund högst angeläget att snarast fatta beslut om Nygårdsmyrs framtJd.För att få kännedom om dagens vegetationsbild beslutade länsstyrelsen på Gotland att en botanisk inventering skulle utföras, vars resultat nu föreligger.Målet med undersökningen har varit att översiktligt beskriva växtlighetens sammansättning på Nygårdsmyr, samt att mer noggrant inventera floran i några olika delar av myren genom utläggning av bandprofiler.
|
|
| 132. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof
(författare)
-
Polyamine metabolism in rat parotid gland after duct ligation
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 131:2, s. 81-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parotid ducts were ligated unilaterally in rats for periods from 6 h to 5 months. A slight increase in gland weight was observed during the first 24 h; thereafter, the weight gradually fell, being less than 50% of controls at 5 months. The activity of the putrescine-forming enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), increased with peak values by 3 days and 3 weeks. However, the putrescine content had already reached its highest value by 24 h. A notably marked reduction of spermidine and spermine contents was observed by 1 day after ligation and throughout the whole time of observation. The results suggest that an inverse polyamine metabolism occurred, that is, spermine converts to spermidine which in turn converts to putrescine.
|
|
| 133. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulation of Ca2+ channel and phosphatase activities by polyamines in intestinal and vascular smooth muscle - implications for cellular growth and contractility.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 176:1, s. 33-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyamines added extracellularly to intestinal and vascular smooth muscle cells cause relaxation through inhibition of Ca2+ channel activity. Intracellularly applied polyamines also affect Ca2+ channel properties. Polyamines do not readily pass over the plasma membrane because of their positive charges but in permeabilized smooth muscle preparations they have free access to the cytoplasm. In this system they increase sensitivity of the contractile machinery to Ca2+ through inhibition of myosin phosphatase activity. The magnitude of Ca2+ channel and phosphatase inhibition depends on the number of positive charges on the polyamine molecule. Polyamines have an obligatory, but yet undefined, role in regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Several groups of protein kinases, such as tyrosine and mitogen activated protein (MAP)-kinases transmit the growth signal from the plasma membrane to the cell nucleus where mitosis and protein synthesis are initiated. The data reviewed here show that polyamines may affect such signal transmission via inhibition of phosphatase activity.
|
|
| 134. |
|
|
| 135. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Immune Risk Phenotype and IL-6 among Nonagenarians and Associations with Morbidity and Mortality : Findings from the Swedish NONA Immune Longitudinal Study
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this NONA immune longitudinal study, we examine 4-year mortality in relation to a set of laboratory parameters, morbidity and cause of death in a population-based sample of oldest-old individuals (n=138). Four groups were constructed based on levels for the CD4/CD8 ratio (above or below one = IRP, immune risk phenotype group) and levels for IL-6 (below or above the median 3.15 pg/mL). 4-year mortality was higher in the “IRP” group (73 %), the “IL-6” group (64 %), and the “Double risk group” (82 %) compared with the “No risk” group (29 %; p-values between .005 and .000). Cognitive dysfunction and dementia were more common in the two groups with elevated IL-6 levels (p-values between .014 and .001), whereas cardiovascular disease tended (p = .081) to be associated with both “IRP” and “IL-6” groups. The most common cause of death was related to cardio- and cerebrovascular disease (59 %,), followed by infection in 15 % of the cases and cancer in 7 %. Despite their strong associations with 4-year mortality, neither IRP nor IL-6 could be linked to any specific cause of death, possibly because both IRP and IL-6 are multi-factorial risk factors, being associated with several different diseases and mechanisms which cause death.
|
|
| 136. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, 1954-
(författare)
-
The Immune System in the Oldest-Old : Clinical and Immunological Studies in the NONA Immune Cohort
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The oldest-old (people aged 80 or older) constituted 5 % of the population in Sweden in 2000, an increase from 1.5 % fifty years earlier. The immune system undergoes dramatic changes at high age, sometimes referred to as “immunosenescence”. However, the natures of these changes, and in particular, their clinical consequences are incompletely understood. In a previous longitudinal study, a set of immune parameters were identified and termed immune risk phenotype (IRP) because of an association with increased mortality. The IRP consists of changes in the T lymphocyte compartment, in particular an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio. The IRP was found to be associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which through expansions of cytolytic anti-viral CD8 cell responses was ascribed a role in the development of IRP. The general aim of this thesis was to increase the knowledge of changes in the immune system and their clinical consequences in the oldest-old. The population-based random sample of the longitudinal NONA-Immune Study (n = 138, mean age 90 years at baseline) was used for all investigations.In paper I, the effects on sample size of various exclusion protocols for immune studies of the elderly was examined. The commonly used SENIEUR protocol, selecting individuals representing ‘normal ageing’, excluded 90 % of nonagenarians. Based on different protocol criteria, individuals were grouped into ‘very healthy’, ‘moderately healthy’ or ‘frail’. The prevalence of CMV was similar across the groups. Further, differentiated CD8 populations associated with CMV, i.e. those expressing CD56, CD57 and CD45RA while lacking expression of CD27 and CD28, were equally distributed across the groups of the oldest-old, but were, as expected, significantly increased in the elderly compared to a middle aged control group. The findings showed that lymphocyte subsets associated with IRP might serve as significant biomarkers of ageing independent of the overall health status, also supporting the notion that immunological studies of the oldest-old should be done in population-based non-selected populations.The IRP and the presence of low-grade inflammation, for example increase of IL-6 in plasma, constitute major predictors of 2-year mortality in the oldest-old. In paper II, the CD4/CD8 ratio and IL-6 were found to predict 97 % of observed survival and 57 % of deaths over 2 years. The impact of IRP and IL-6 on 2-year survival was independent of age, sex and several diseases. The longitudinal design allowed temporal evaluations, suggesting a sequence of events starting with IRP and leading to inflammation in the decline state. Four-year mortality in the oldest-old (paper III) was found to be mainly related to markers of inflammation and IRP. Individuals with both inverted CD4/CD8 ratio and high IL-6 level had significantly higher 4 year mortality (82 %) compared to individuals with CD4/CD8 ratio ³ 1 and low IL-6 level (29 %) at baseline. The presence of IRP and increased IL-6 level showed some associations with presence of diseases; in particular, IL6 was associated with the presence of cognitive impairment. However, despite being strong predictors of mortality, IRP and IL-6 could not be linked to any specific cause of death, probably due to the multi-factorial nature of these factors. The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the oldest-old was higher compared to younger controls (paper IV). The difference across age was most pronounced in men, showing low levels at younger age, whereas the prevalence among the oldest-old men reached a similar level as in women. There was no association between the presence of ANA and IRP, CMV status or health status in the oldest-old.
|
|
| 137. |
- Nilsson, Bengt Olof
(författare)
-
What can we learn about functional importance of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in the oral environment from severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann disease)?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781. ; 128
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is produced by neutrophils and epithelial cells, and the peptide can be detected in plasma as well as saliva. LL-37 is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. Besides its antimicrobial properties, LL-37 modulates the innate immune system, and furthermore, it also affects host cell viability. Although, both structural and functional properties of LL-37 have been extensively investigated, its physiological/pathophysiological importance in-vivo is not completely understood. In this review, Kostmann disease (morbus Kostmann) is highlighted since it may represent a LL-37 knockdown model which can provide new important information and insights about the functional role of LL-37 in the human in-vivo setting. Patients with Kostmann disease suffer from neutropenia, and although they are treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to normalize their levels of neutrophils, they lack or have very low levels of LL-37 in plasma, saliva and neutrophils. Interestingly, these patients suffer from severe periodontal disease, linking LL-37-deficiency to oral infections. Thus, LL-37 seems to play an important pathophysiological role in the oral environment antagonizing oral pathogens and thereby prevents oral infections.
|
|
| 138. |
- Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Ädellövskog i Grötlingbo : Vegetationsbeskrivningar
- 1985
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skogsbruket bedrivs i Sverige allt mer intensivt med inriktning på hög.och uthållig produktion. En stor andel av lövskogsareal?n kom härlgenom·under senare Ar att hotas av omläggning till barrskogsproduktion. Ädellövskogslagens ikraftträdande den 1 juli 1984 avvärjde dock ett storskaligt överförande. På Gotland finns emellertid relativt stora arealer lågproducerande ädellövskog mestadels med ask men i någon mån med krattek. Dessa områden är särskilt utsatta för anspråk på överförande till barrskog med högre produktion. Lövskog på bättre marker är dessutom föremål för anspråk på omföring t i 11 åker. För länsstyrelsen är det viktigt att klarlägga skyddsvärdet hos främst större sammanhängande lövskogsomr?den f6r att kunna ta ställning till framställningar om att ersätta ädellövskog· med annat. Skogsvårdsstyrelsen har för detta ändamål ställt medel till förfogande och m6Jliggjort genomförandet av föreliggande inventering.
|
|
| 139. |
- Nilsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Varför vårdvetenskap?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Vårdvetenskapliga vägskäl. - Växjö : Växjö universitet. ; , s. 49-60
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 140. |
- Odenlund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Polyamine synthesis inhibition induces S phase cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 36, s. 273-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyamines are important for cell growth and proliferation and they are formed from arginine and ornithine via arginase and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Arginine may alternatively be metabolised to NO via NO synthase. Here we study if vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation can be reversed by polyamine synthesis inhibitors and investigate their mechanism of action. Cell proliferation was assessed in cultured vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells and in endothelium-denuded rat arterial rings by measuring [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and by cell counting. Cell cycle phase distribution was determined by flow cytometry and polyamines by HPLC. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting. The ODC inhibitor DFMO (1-10 mM) reduced polyamine concentration and attenuated proliferation in A7r5 cells and rat tail artery. DFMO accumulated cells in S phase of the cell cycle and reduced cyclin A expression. DFMO had no effect on cell viability and apoptosis as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Polyamine concentration and cellular proliferation were not affected by the arginase inhibitor NOHA (100-200 muM) and the NO synthase inhibitor L: -NAME (100 muM). Lack of effect of NOHA was reflected by absence of arginase expression. Polyamine synthesis inhibition attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by reducing DNA synthesis and accumulation of cells in S phase, and may be a useful approach to prevent vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in cardiovascular diseases.
|
|
