| 31. |
- Ehnvall, B., et al.
(författare)
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Topography and time shape mire morphometry and large-scale mire distribution patterns in the northern boreal landscape
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9003 .- 2169-9011. ; 129:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peatlands are major terrestrial soil carbon stores, and open mires in boreal landscapes hold a considerable fraction of the global peat carbon. Despite decades of study, large-scale spatiotemporal analyses of mire arrangement have been scarce, which has limited our ability to scale-up mire properties, such as carbon accumulation to the landscape level. Here, we use a land-uplift mire chronosequence in northern Sweden spanning 9,000 years to quantify controls on mire distribution patterns. Our objectives include assessing changes in the spatial arrangement of mires with land surface age, and understanding modifications by upland hydrotopography. Characterizing over 3,000 mires along a 30 km transect, we found that the time since land emergence from the sea was the dominant control over mire coverage, especially for the establishment of large mire complexes. Mires at the youngest end of the chronosequence were small with heterogenous morphometry (shape, slope, and catchment-to-mire areal ratios), while mires on the oldest surfaces were variable in size, but included larger mires with more complex shapes and smaller catchment-to-mire ratios. In general, complex topography fragmented mires by constraining the lateral expansion, resulting in a greater number of mires, but reduced total mire area regardless of landscape age. Mires in this study area occurred on slopes up to 4%, indicating a hydrological boundary to peatland expansion under local climatic conditions. The consistency in mire responses to spatiotemporal controls illustrates how temporal limitation in peat initiation and accumulation, and topographic constraints to mire expansion together have shaped present day mire distribution patterns.
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| 32. |
- Einarsdottir, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
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Deficiency of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses after vaccination in long-term allo-HSCT survivors translates into abated humoral immunity.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Blood advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9537 .- 2473-9529. ; 6:9, s. 2723-2730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hematological diseases are at risk of severe disease and death from COVID-19. To determine the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines, samples from 50 infection-naive allo-HSCT recipients (median, 92 months from transplantation, range, 7-340 months) and 39 healthy controls were analyzed for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) within spike 1 (S1) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; anti-RBD-S1 IgG) and for SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity, reflected by induction of T-cell-derived interferon-γ in whole blood stimulated ex vivo with 15-mer SI-spanning peptides with 11 amino acid overlapS1-spanning peptides. The rate of seroconversion was not significantly lower in allo-transplanted patients than in controls with 24% (12/50) and 6% (3/50) of patients remaining seronegative after the first and second vaccination, respectively. However, 58% of transplanted patients lacked T-cell responses against S1 peptides after 1 vaccination compared with 19% of controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.17; P = .009, Fisher's exact test) with a similar trend after the second vaccination where 28% of patients were devoid of detectable specific T-cell immunity, compared with 6% of controls (OR 0.18; P = .02, Fisher's exact test). Importantly, lack of T-cell reactivity to S1 peptides after vaccination heralded substandard levels (<100 BAU/mL) of anti-RBD-S1 IgG 5 to 6 months after the second vaccine dose (OR 8.2; P = .007, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that although allo-HSCT recipients achieve serum anti-RBD-S1 IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after 2 vaccinations, a deficiency of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity may subsequently translate into insufficient humoral responses.
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| 33. |
- Eklöf, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace intervention for improved risk perception and preventive activity among workers : using hand-held vibrating machines: a pilot study
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article presents a pilot study of a 1-h workplace educational intervention implemented among ten construction workers who were highly exposed to hand–arm vibration. The intervention combined risk communication and normative expert advice intended to reinforce preventive behaviour related to vibration, noise, and biomechanical loads. Data for this study comprised intervention notes and interview data from interventionists, and pre- and post-intervention interview data from participating workers.The results suggested that the intervention was sensitive to disturbances and should be directed only to motivated workers possessing sufficient self-efficacy, and only in circumstances in which exposure may be controlled on the local workplace level and by locally implemented measures. Unless these conditions are present, the studied intervention may fail to influence preventive behaviour, and may instead cause cognitive dissonance and frustration among participants and interventionists.
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| 34. |
- Erhagen, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature response of litter and soil organic matter decomposition is determined by chemical composition of organic material
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 19:12, s. 3858-3871
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global soil carbon pool is approximately three times larger than the contemporary atmospheric pool, therefore even minor changes to its integrity may have major implications for atmospheric CO2 concentrations. While theory predicts that the chemical composition of organic matter should constitute a master control on the temperature response of its decomposition, this relationship has not yet been fully demonstrated. We used laboratory incubations of forest soil organic matter (SOM) and fresh litter material together with NMR spectroscopy to make this connection between organic chemical composition and temperature sensitivity of decomposition. Temperature response of decomposition in both fresh litter and SOM was directly related to the chemical composition of the constituent organic matter, explaining 90% and 70% of the variance in Q10 in litter and SOM respectively. The Q10 of litter decreased with increasing proportions of aromatic and O-aromatic compounds, and increased with increased contents of alkyl- and O-alkyl carbons. In contrast, in SOM, decomposition was affected only by carbonyl compounds. To reveal why a certain group of organic chemical compounds affected the temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition in litter and SOM, a more detailed characterisation of the (13) C aromatic region using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) was conducted. The results revealed considerable differences in the aromatic region between litter and SOM. This suggests that the correlation between chemical composition of organic matter and the temperature response of decomposition differed between litter and SOM. The temperature response of soil decomposition processes can thus be described by the chemical composition of its constituent organic matter, this paves the way for improved ecosystem modelling of biosphere feedbacks under a changing climate.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Eriksson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of decadal deposition of nitrogen and sulfur, and increased temperature, on methane emissions from a boreal peatland
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227. ; 115, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boreal peatlands represent a significant source of methane to the atmosphere. Pollutants and climate changes resulting from human activity are likely to affect the processes controlling methane emissions from these systems. This study investigated the effects of decadal deposition of nitrogen and sulfate, and increased air temperature, on methane emissions from a northern Swedish peatland during the snow-free seasons of 2005 and 2006, the latter being exceptionally dry. The experimental setup involved a full factorial design at two levels with greenhouse cover (present or absent), nitrogen deposition (2 or 30 kg N ha(-1) a(-1)), and sulfate deposition (3 or 20 kg S ha(-1) a(-1)) as experimental factors. Methane emission rates were measured using static chambers after 10-11 years of experimental manipulations. Emissions were significantly reduced by the greenhouse treatment in 2005, by 30% on average, but not in 2006. The reduction in methane emissions in response to the greenhouse treatment were counteracted by nitrogen deposition; with high nitrogen deposition the effect of the greenhouse cover was low and nonsignificant. High nitrogen deposition increased methane emissions at ambient sulfate levels, probably due to sedge cover increasing from 37 to 65%, but the combination of high nitrogen deposition and high sulfate deposition did not affect methane emissions. Effects of increased nitrogen on methane emission have previously in short-term manipulations (<6 years) been ranging from slightly negative to slightly positive. The substantial positive effects observed in this study emphasize the need for long-term manipulations to obtain valid results under natural conditions.
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| 37. |
- Eriksson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Production and oxidation of methane in a boreal mire after a decade of increased temperature and nitrogen and sulfur deposition
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 16, s. 2130-2144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural wetlands are the single largest source of atmospheric methane (CH(4)). Both a changed climate and deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulfur can alter the production and oxidation of CH(4) respectively and thereby also CH(4) exchange. We used a long-term (12 years) factorial field experiment in a boreal oligotrophic mire to evaluate the effects of greenhouse cover and addition of ammonium nitrate and sodium sulfate on the production and oxidation of CH(4) by applying laboratory incubations of samples from five depths in the mire. The rates of CH(4) production were measured without amendments and after the addition of either glucose or sulfate. Twelve years of increased nitrogen deposition has changed the mire from a Sphagnum-dominated plant community to one dominated by sedges and dwarf shrubs. The deposition of nitrogen to the field plots caused increased production of CH(4) in incubations without amendments (34%), and also after amendments with glucose (40%) or sulfate (42%). This indicates increased substrate availability (without amendments) but also a greater abundance of methanogens (glucose amendment). The greenhouse cover caused a decrease in CH(4) production in incubations without amendments (34%), after glucose amendment (20%) and after sulfate amendment (31%). These responses indicate decreased substrate availability (without amendment) accompanied by the reduced abundance of methanogens (glucose amendment). The field application of sulfur had no effect on CH(4) production at the depth where maximal CH(4) production occurred. Closer to the mire surface, however, the rate of CH(4) production was significantly reduced by 32-45%. These results suggest that the deposition of sulfate has altered the vertical distribution of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The oxidation of CH(4) was not significantly affected by any of the long-term field treatments.
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| 38. |
- Eskelund, Christian W., et al.
(författare)
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15-year follow-up of the Second Nordic Mantle Cell Lymphoma trial (MCL2) : prolonged remissions without survival plateau
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 175:3, s. 410-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades, the prognosis of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) has been significantly improved by intensified first-line regimens containing cytarabine, rituximab and consolidation with high-dose-therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. One such strategy is the Nordic MCL2 regimen, developed by the Nordic Lymphoma Group. We here present the 15-year updated results of the Nordic MCL2 study after a median follow-up of 114years: For all patients on an intent-to-treat basis, the median overall and progression-free survival was 127 and 85years, respectively. The MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI), biological MIPI, including Ki67 expression (MIPI-B) and the MIPI-B including mIR-18b expression (MIPI-B-miR), in particular, significantly divided patients into distinct risk groups. Despite very long response durations of the low and intermediate risk groups, we observed a continuous pattern of relapse and the survival curves never reached a plateau. In conclusion, despite half of the patients being still alive and 40% in first remission after more than 12years, we still see an excess disease-related mortality, even among patients experiencing long remissions. Even though we consider the Nordic regimen as a very good choice of regimen, we recommend inclusion in prospective studies to explore the benefit of novel agents in the frontline treatment of MCL.
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| 39. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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The tree species matters : Biodiversity and ecosystem service implications of replacing Scots pine production stands with Norway spruce.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1035-1049
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.
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| 40. |
- Fridman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting National Forest Inventories to changing requirements – the case of the Swedish National Forest Inventory at the turn of the 20th century.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- National Forest Inventories (NFIs) are becoming increasingly important worldwide in order to provide information about the multiple functions of forests, e.g. their provision of raw materials to industry, biodiversity and their capacity to store carbon for mitigating climate change. In several countries the history of NFIs is very long. For these countries a specific challenge is to keep the inventories up-to-date without sacrificing the advantages associated with long time series. At the turn of the 20th century European NFIs faced some major challenges. In this article we describe the history and the recent developments of the Swedish NFI as an example from which general observations are made and discussed. The Swedish NFI started in 1923 and has evolved from an inventory with a narrow focus on wood resources to an inventory today which aims to provide information about all major forest ecosystem services. It can be concluded that the traditional approaches of most European NFIs, e.g. to collect data through sample plot field inventories, has proved to be applicable even for a wide range of new information requirements. Specifically, detailed data about land use, trees, vegetation, and soils has found new important uses in connection with biodiversity assessments and the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions. Though time-consuming and difficult, making NFI information comparable across countries through harmonization appears to be a useful approach. The European National Forest Inventory Network (ENFIN) was formed in 2003 and has been successful in pan-European NFI harmonization.
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