| 431. |
- Nordqvist, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of a cylindrical chemosorptive denuder for sampling and phase separation of toluene diisocyanate aerosols
- 2005
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 382:5, s. 1294-1299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cylindrical chemosorptive denuder in series with a glass fibre filter has been evaluated for sampling toluene diisocyanate (TDI) aerosols. The sampler is designed for measuring personal exposure to diisocyanates. Several denuder coatings and derivatising reagents were investigated. Dimethylpolysiloxane (SE-30) and 5% phenyl dimethylpolysiloxane (SE-54) with either dibutylamine (DBA) or dipentylamine (DPeA) as derivatising reagents yielded the lowest vapour breakthrough (the amount (%) of the vapour that passes through the denuder), close to values predicted by theory. Immobilisation of the SE-30 denuder coating by in-situ cross-linking yielded comparable results. With an SE-30/DBA-coated denuder operating within an airflow range of 100–500 mL min−1, the phase separation was shown to be consistent with theoretical predictions derived by use of the Gormley–Kennedy equation. This provides a means of calculating the vapour breakthrough and correcting experimentally obtained values with regard to vapour–particulate phase distribution, suggesting that the denuder can provide accurate phase-distribution measurements. The SE-30/DBA denuder can be used over a concentration range spanning nearly six orders of magnitude. Its capacity is sufficient to perform 15-min exposure measurements of a TDI aerosol with air concentrations as high as 1,700 μg m−3, 40 times higher than the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL). At the other end of the range, the estimated limit of detection (LOD) was less than 2 ng m−3 for both the vapour and the aerosol phases when LC–ESI–MS–MS was used for chemical analysis.
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| 432. |
- Norell, Daniel, 1973-
(författare)
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Taming the Erratic : Representation and materialization in post-digital architectural design
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates materialization and representation in contemporary architectural design practice. Due to cultural and technological shifts, the act of design is no longer squarely located in the abstract realms of drawings or digital geometries. Computer aided manufacturing, simulation and scanning offer new design opportunities that are located in the transfer between representation and material. This has given rise to a post-digital model of practice and thought, in which ‘real’ and discrete chunks of matter are incorporated at the earliest stages of design.The thesis is practice-based, and spans in scope from design to technology to theory. The design work included explores materialization and representation from a particular point of view. In addition, it suggests a methodological approach to design, and explores the theoretical implications in this approach. These implications are addressed in two connected research questions: How can material processes, whether real or simulated, turn transfers between geometry and materialized objects into productive design opportunities? And how might material simulation alter the ways in which representations are conceptualized and used by architects? In parallel with practice-based work, the thesis suggests a theoretical framework for current issues of representation and materialization in architecture. This framework draws from the recent history of the digital turn in architecture as well as from recent design research work and theory in a post-digital turn.This thesis makes contributions in three main areas. Through the design work Erratic, it makes a visceral case for how the use of material simulation might open up new ways of harnessing material agency. It positions simulation in the field of architecture in-between established polarities such as geometry vs. matter, virtual vs. real and drawing vs. mock-up. It discusses the conceptual difference between design based on geometry and design based on discrete pieces of material. Finally, it proposes that form in architecture increasingly can be conceptualized as ‘chunks,’ as opposed to reduced descriptions of geometry.
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| 433. |
- Nygren, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Age determination of plutonium using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 272:1, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The age of plutonium is defined as the time since the last separation of the plutonium isotopes from their daughter nuclides. In this paper, a method for age determination based on analysis of 241Pu/241Am and 240Pu/236Pu using ICP-SFMS is described. Separation of Pu and Am was performed using a solid phase extraction procedure including UTEVA, TEVA, TRU and Ln-resins. The procedure provided separation factors adequate for this purpose. Age determinations were performed on two plutonium reference solutions from the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, IRMM081 (239Pu) and IRMM083 (240Pu), on sediment from the Marshall Islands (reference material IAEA367) and on soil from the Trinity test site (Trinitite). The measured ages based on the 241Am/241Pu ratio corresponded well with the time since the last parent-daughter separations of all the materials. The ages derived from the 236U/240Pu ratio were in agreement for the IRMM materials, but for IAEA367 the determination of 236U was interfered by tailing from 238U, and for Trinitite the determined age was biased due to formation of 236U in the detonation of the "Gadget".
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| 434. |
- Nygren, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Lanthanide phosphate interferences in actinide determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 20:6, s. 529-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determination of actinides at low levels using ICP-MS can be interfered by polyatomic ions appearing at the same nominal mass-to-charge ratio. In this work, interferences initially found when analysing plutonium in soil and sediment samples were identified as lanthanide phosphates and the formation of these species examined. It was found that high sample gas flow rates and low rf powers enhanced the formation of lanthanide phosphates. All lanthanides studied (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) formed phosphates, albeit to various extents and of slightly different compositions. Furthermore, the lanthanide phosphate formation was verified by introducing the source of phosphorus, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDPA), in an [1][8]O enriched water solution. This experiment also revealed that the HEDPA is essentially completely dissociated in the plasma and that the interfering species are most likely formed during ion extraction.
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| 435. |
- Nygren, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Separation of plutonium from soil and sediment prior to determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 18:12, s. 1426-1434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to develop an optimised sample-preparation procedure for the determination of Pu in soil/sediment with ICP-MS. To start with, several different procedures were screened for their ability to separate plutonium and remove uranium. After the screening, two methods were applied on one soil (IAEA Soil6) and two sediment reference materials (IAEA300 and IAEA135). These methods were based on separation of Pu using TEVA and a combination of UTEVA and TRU resins, followed by elution of Pu with 0.1% hydroxylethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDPA). A comparison was also made between sample preparation based on acid-leaching and complete digestion using lithium borate fusion. The highest yield of Pu (80%) was found with the procedure consisting of fusion followed by TEVA, while the decontamination from U showed large variations (RSD varying from 16–52%) with all procedures. No difference in the recovery of Pu was found between the two sample preparation techniques. The results of the quantitative determination in low resolution of 239Pu and 240Pu from the UTEVA + TRU-separation were significantly higher than those obtained by the TEVA procedure. An analysis in higher mass resolution displayed interfering peaks in the mass-region of Pu, and lanthanide-containing polyatomic ions were found to be a likely cause for these interferences. The procedure based on lithium borate fusion and separation using the TEVA-resin avoided such interferences and was therefore tested for repeatability over time on IAEA300. The stability of the method was good (RSD = 2.49% (n = 8)), with the exception of one value being significantly higher than the others. This result was confirmed by analysis in higher mass-resolution, which indicates an inhomogeneous distribution of Pu in the reference material, despite a sample intake of about 1 g.
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| 436. |
- Odilbekov, Firuz, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotyping early blight resistance in potato cultivars and breeding clones
- 2014
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Ingår i: Euphytica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-2336 .- 1573-5060. ; 197, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-two potato cultivars/clones were evaluated for resistance to early blight using different methods. The evaluations were performed under field and greenhouse conditions. In the field experiments, plants were evaluated for disease symptoms, and the relative area under the disease progress curve and percent defoliation were determined. In the greenhouse experiments, leaf lesion sizes were determined on either intact plants or detached leaves after drop inoculation with Alternaria solani. The effect of leaf position (lower, middle or upper part of the plant) on lesion size was investigated. There was no correlation between lesion sizes on lower leaves and upper leaves after inoculation. However, significant correlations between lesion sizes on lower and middle leaves and also between middle and upper leaves were found. Furthermore, we found significant correlation between the results of resistance studies in the field and in intact plant inoculation experiments in the greenhouse. In contrast, results from the detached-leaf experiment were not correlated with either greenhouse intact plant tests or field results. The results indicate that using detached-leaf assays for screening potato for early blight resistance is not accurate. We found significant differences in resistance to A. solani among cultivars/clones in both the field and in greenhouse experiments.
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| 437. |
- Ohlander, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Performance using low-cost gaze-control for simulated flight tasks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter 2016 Annual Conference. ; , s. 201-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study, interaction using gaze control was compared to computer mouse using the MATB-II (Multi-Attribute Task Battery) environment. The study had two aims; the first was to explore the utility of low-cost technologies in a rapid prototyping and testing environment for aviation. The second aim was to use such an environment to compare a novel interaction device (a low-cost gaze control device) to a familiar interaction device (computer mouse). Method: Thirty participants performed two scenarios with each interaction device. The software MATB-II provided simulated flight tasks and recorded performance. Mental workload was assessed by the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) questionnaire after each scenario. Results: The results showed that gaze control resulted in significantly higher overall mental workload than computer mouse. Performance was better with mouse in two of the four tasks. Conclusions: Concerning the first aim, the study demonstrated the value of low-cost technology for initial user testing before using more expensive high-fidelity environments. Concerning the second aim, the computer mouse resulted in better performance and lower mental workload. This may either be due to higher user familiarity with computer mouse interaction or to limitations of the gaze control equipment and insufficient adjustments of the interface design to optimize for gaze control.
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| 438. |
- Oliva, Delmy, et al.
(författare)
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Single nucleotide polymorphism directed antiemetic treatment in women with breast cancer treated with neo- or adjuvant chemotherapy : a randomised multicentre phase II study. (EudraCT: 2015–000658-39)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 43:6, s. 2671-2681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the frequency and intensity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in women with breast cancer (BC) is unclear. The primary purpose of this study was to compare/evaluate the effect of SNP-guided antiemetic treatment versus standard CINV treatment.Patients and methods: A randomised, factorial, phase II multicentre study design was used. Women planned for neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil (FEC /EC, with or without fluorouracil) for BC were randomised to SNP-guided antiemetic treatment (based on the results of SNP analyses) versus standard CINV treatment. Blood samples were taken before the treatment was initiated. Patient-reported data on CINV (during 10 days from onset of cancer treatment) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), were collected before and after the first cancer treatment.Results: A total of 188 women were included. Overall, nausea was reported by 86% (n=129) of the patients during the ten-day period from the start of cancer treatment. The SNP genotype studied varied. In FAS-CD95, the genotypes AG and GG were overrepresented; in RB1-LPAR6, GG was overrepresented, and in CCL2, both AA and GG were overrepresented. We found no statistically significant difference in CINV between SNP-guided antiemetic treatment versus standard CINV treatment.Conclusion: SNP-guided antiemetic treatment could be as effective as standard treatment. SNP-guided antiemetic treatment of CINV is possibly useful in detecting patients with a higher or lower risk for CINV and thus may help in avoiding over-treatment with toxic components. CINV negatively affects the HRQL.Keywords: Breast cancer; chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; single nucleotide polymorphism.
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| 439. |
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| 440. |
- Olofsson, Roger, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated hepatic perfusion as a treatment for uveal melanoma liver metastases (the SCANDIUM trial) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 15, s. 317-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite successful control of the primary tumor, metastatic disease will ultimately develop in approximately 50% of patients, with the liver being the most common site for metastases. The median survival for patients with liver metastases is between 6 and 12 months, and no treatment has in randomized trials ever been shown to prolong survival. A previous phase II trial using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) has suggested a 14-month increase in overall survival compared with a historic control group consisting of the longest surviving patients in Sweden during the same time period (26 versus 12 months). Methods/Design: This is the protocol for a multicenter phase III trial randomizing patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma to IHP or best alternative care (BAC). Inclusion criteria include liver metastases (verified by biopsy) and no evidence of extra-hepatic tumor manifestations by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). The primary endpoint is overall survival at 24 months, with secondary endpoints including response rate, progression-free survival, and quality of life. The planned sample size is 78 patients throughout five years. Discussion: Patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma origin have a short expected survival and no standard treatment option exists. This is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate IHP as a treatment option with overall survival being the primary endpoint.
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