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- Casswall, TH, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies for oral immunotherapy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 37:12, s. 1380-1385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Passive immunization with orally administered antibodies against specific pathogens has previously been successfully used therapeutically in both animal and human studies. We employed a similar strategy for experimental treatment of mice infected with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Methods: An anti-H. pylori bovine colostral hyperimmune immunoglobulin preparation (BIC) was generated and its efficacy was tested in different in vitro experiments, such as binding to the Lewis(b) blood group antigen, inhibition of adherence of H. pylori to human gastric mucosa tissue sections in situ and in a haemagglutination assay. The BIC preparation was also given in the drinking water to H. pylori-infected mice. Results: An inhibition of 95% of the binding of H. pylori to Lewis(b) glycoconjugate was observed in vitro. Furthermore, a blocking activity of almost 90% was observed when the BIC was preincubated with H. pylori bacteria. Finally, the BIC preparation inhibited the haemagglutination of H. pylori and human red blood cells. Seven of 40 (17.5%) mice remained infected in the treatment group as compared with 25 of 45 (55.5%) in the control group. Hence, the cure rate was 66%, P = < 0.001. The mean number of colonies in the antibody-treated mice where eradication was not successful was also reduced (P < 0.05). In trials using FVB/N transgenic Lewis(b) expressing mice, a cure rate of 50%-66% was observed. Conclusion: Bovine colostral antibodies against H. pylori can be generated in high titres, inhibit binding in vitro and can eradicate or reduce the number of bacteria in infected mice.
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- Claesson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and characteristics of drowning in Sweden during a 15-year period
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 162, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Drowning is a global health problem and deeper knowledge about the extent and causes is of utmost importance for implementing preventative actions. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and characteristics of drowning in Sweden over time, including both non-fatal and fatal cases. Methods: All cases identified as drowning (ICD-10 coding) at a national level in Sweden between 2003-2017 were collected. Three sources of data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare were extracted via the Cause of Death Register and the National Patient Register. Results: Over 15 years, a total of 6609 cases occurred, resulting in an annual incidence of 4.66 per 100 000. The median age was 49 years (IQR 23-67) and 67% were males. Non-fatal drownings represented 51% (n = 3363), with an overall non-fatal to fatal ratio of 1:1, this being 8:1 for children (0-17 years of age). Non-fatal cases were more often female (36% vs. 30%; p < 0.001), younger 30 (IQR 10-56) vs. 60 (IQR: 45-72) (p < 0.001) and of unintentional nature (81% vs. 55%; p < 0.001). The overall incidence decreased over time from 5.6 to 4.1 per 100 000 (p < 0.001). The highest rate of 30-day survival was found in females 0-17 years (94%, 95% CI 91.1-95.5) and the lowest in males >66 years (28.7%, 95% CI 26.2-31.2). Although the incidence in children 0-4 years increased from 7.4 to 8.1 per 100 000 (p < 0.001), they demonstrated the highest non-fatal to fatal ratio (13:1). Conclusion: Drowning is declining but remains a consistent and underestimated public-health problem. Non-fatal drowning cases represent about half of the burden and characteristics differ from fatal drowning cases, being younger, more often female and of unintentional nature. Keywords: Drowning, Non-fatal, OHCA
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| 69. |
- Dutta, Uttama, et al.
(författare)
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Satellite selection in the context of network RTK for limited bandwidth applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 34th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, ION GNSS+ 2021. - : Institute of Navigation. - 2331-5954. - 9780936406299 ; , s. 2474-2492
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing number of modernized GNSS signals and the availability of multi-constellation receivers are crucial for improvements of both precision and robustness of GNSS based positioning. However, the abundance of GNSS observations is not always useable as applications, using differential positioning or other techniques, may have limitations with respect to computational resources or communication bandwidth for reference data, and therefore require a qualified selection of a subset of observations for positioning. This paper is based on the work conducted in the project PREParE SHIPS funded by the European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA) on the specific application of Maritime Navigation using Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) and will focus on the satellite selection algorithms of the Prepare Ships dissemination solution. This study is motivated by data rate requirements and restrictions of the VDES dissemination solution developed in Prepare Ships. The restricted data rate for dissemination of RTK observations via VDES implies the need for a qualified pre-selection of satellite subsets to match the available bandwidth and the requirements of the positioning system. For this, multiple algorithms have been developed and tested in static and dynamic scenarios. Optimization techniques for height (for vertical position), two and three dimensions were examined. Different weighting schemes were used. During the evolution of the satellite selection study, it was concluded that it is necessary to retain satellites with the highest elevation as this will empirically improve integer ambiguity resolution for position fixing. Also fixing a minimum number of satellites for each constellation was required to enable a fair weightage to the different constellations used. Such algorithms should prove to be very useful for research on various Network RTK applications which require/prefer limited bandwidth such as for cadastral surveying and mapping, for airborne geo-referencing of aerial mapping data using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and on the road and sea for positioning and navigation of automated transport. Additionally, these algorithms could also be extended to consider satellite visibility in e.g. urban areas (i.e. urban canyons) by inclusion of true surface information for more robust GNSS positioning in automated transport applications [1]. This could either be for pre-evaluation or for dynamically considering spatial information. While this work is a part of PREParE SHIPS, it is also motivated by a more general applicability of the algorithms presented for other similar applications. RTK correction dissemination with limited bandwidth requirements is very promising for RTK research and therefore this study on optimized selection of satellite subsets is of vital importance and could tap multiple opportunities of huge potential such as those involving NRTK or combination of Precise Point Positioning with RTK. © 2021 Proceedings of the 34th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, ION GNSS+ 2021.
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