| 51. |
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| 52. |
- Onelöv, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring anxiety and depression in the oncology setting using visual-digital scales.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 46:6, s. 810-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the feasibility of using single-item visual-digital scales for measuring anxiety and depression for research purposes within the oncology and palliative care setting. Data were retrieved from five nationwide postal questionnaires comprising 3030 individuals (response rate 76%): cancer patients, widows/parents who had lost their husband/child to cancer and population controls. All questionnaires contained the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) as well as seven-point Visual-Digital Scales (VDS) assessing anxiety and depression. Each stepwise increased score on the VDS-depression provided a statistically significant increase in the mean score on CES-D (Spearman's r=0.582). The VDS-anxiety correlated with mean scores on STAI-T (Spearman's r=0.493), however, not all stepwise increased scores on the VDS-anxiety gave a statistically significant increase on the STAI-T. Positive- and negative predictive values were 51% and 91% for VDS-depression and 64% and 80% for VDS-anxiety. Missing data for STAI-T were 7% and 9% for CES-D; the corresponding figures were 2% for the VDS-depression and 3% for VDS-anxiety. With low attrition and agreement with psychometric scales, the Visual-Digital Scales are a feasible alternative for research in the oncology setting. However, the high negative predictive value and the low positive predictive value suggest that the visual- digital scales mainly detect the absence of the symptoms.
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| 53. |
- Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of extreme weather events on mental health in South and Southeast Asia : A two decades of systematic review of observational studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 250
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme weather events in South and Southeast Asia exert profound psychosocial impacts, amplifying the prevalence of mental illness. Despite their substantial consequences, there is a dearth of research and representation in the current literature. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published between January 1, 2000, and January 20, 2024, to examine the impact of extreme weather events on the mental health of the South and Southeast Asian population. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality appraisal checklist. The search retrieved 70 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Most were from India (n = 22), and most used a cross-sectional study design (n = 55). Poor mental health outcomes were associated with six types of extreme weather events: floods, storm surges, typhoons, cyclones, extreme heat, and riverbank erosion. Most studies (n = 41) reported short-term outcome measurements. Findings included outcomes with predictable symptomatology, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, general psychological distress, emotional distress and suicide. Limited studies on long-term effects showed higher mental disorders after floods and typhoons, while cyclone-exposed individuals had more short-term distress. Notably, the review identified over 50 risk factors influencing mental health outcomes, categorized into six classes: demographic, economic, health, disaster exposure, psychological, and community factors. However, the quantitative evidence linking extreme weather events to mental health was limited due to a lack of longitudinal data, lack of control groups, and the absence of objective exposure measurements. The review found some compelling evidence linking extreme weather events to adverse mental health in the South and Southeast Asia region. Future research should focus on longitudinal study design to identify the specific stressors and climatic factors influencing the relationship between climate extremes and mental health in this region.
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| 54. |
- Persson, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Flood Warning in a Swedish Local Risk Management Context
- 2015
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Ingår i: Disaster Prevention and Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0965-3562 .- 1758-6100. ; 24:3, s. 383-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to explore how local early warning systems (EWS) for floods are established at the municipality level in Sweden. The study also aims to analyse the role of EWSs in a risk management context. The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate how and to what extent the adoption of local EWSs can generate value added benefits throughout the wider risk management process.Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with supervisors at each municipality in order to depict how local EWS are established at the municipality level in Sweden. The interviews went through a content analysis with respect to theory on EWS and theory on the risk management process.The possible effects from an EWS is not only reduced flood losses but also potential spinoff. The possibility of spinoff effects from the system, but also the mitigating effectiveness in case of a flood is largely dependent on the well-being of the organization and its risk management processes.This study widens the understanding of the value of an EWS and that the organizational culture and state of risk management system has influence on the availability of such value. Identifying the potential added value from EWSs is important from a more general disaster risk reduction perspective, as it helps to further motivate implementation of proactive risk management measures. This knowledge can be of help to others who investigate the possibilities of investing in EWSs.
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| 55. |
- Pettersson, Andreas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Studie av social sårbarhet för klimatrelaterade risker : Delstudie 1: Litteraturstudie om social sårbarhet i Norden
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att förstå och sätta mått på sårbarheter hos människor och samhälle är centralt för att reducera risker. I denna rapport utforskas social sårbarhet för olika klimathot i Norden i tre delar: en litteraturstudie av den vetenskapliga kunskapen i en nordisk kontext, en sammanställning av grå litteratur inom området, och ett speciellt fokuskapitel som belyser rättvisedimensionen kopplat till social sårbarhet.
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| 56. |
- Rydstedt Nyman, Monika, 1961-
(författare)
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Organizational Lessons Learned : Natural Hazards Affecting Critical Infrastructure
- 2018
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on an issue often presented as a solution – albeit a debated one – namely learning, specifically lessons learned from natural hazard events. Empirically, this thesis examines flooding and avalanches in a Swedish context, centering on systematic feedback mechanisms and learning from extreme events. Opportunities to and constraints affecting learning and knowledge sharing are discussed.The thesis comprises four papers, collectively contributing a description of aspects of learning and feedback in a case study setting of the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) [Trafikverket], and providing an understanding of the present level of knowledge and awareness of climate change related natural hazards, as well as how knowledge sharing may give incentives and understanding for change. The notion of social learning is that individuals, groups, and organizations (and ultimately society) can learn from one another in a context, i.e. fostering mutual change. The goal of learning and using feedback is to create an opportunity to address changes in a thoughtful and explicit manner. At the same time, there is an implicit idea that learning occurs automatically somehow, which is problematized on the basis of the cases in the articles.An interdisciplinary approach was adopted to obtain understanding of lessons learned related to natural hazards affecting critical infrastructure in Sweden. Interdiciplinarity refers to the use of theories from different research fields to achieve synergies in the search for explanations and useful understanding. The different objectives and aims of each paper have increased understanding of mechanisms related to aspects of feedback, learning and knowledge sharing after natural hazard impacts. Each paper also provides examples of opportunities and constraints to feedback mechanisms and learning in a collective context.
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| 57. |
- Römmelmann, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Användning av försäkringsskadedata i klimatanpassning för skyfallshändelser : Erfarenheter från danska kommuner
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten syftar till att ge en bild av möjligheter och hinder som kanfinnas vid användningen av försäkringsdata i det förebyggande arbetet medskyfall genom att undersöka danska kommuners erfarenheter. Studien ärbaserad på ett antal personliga intervjuer med företrädare för danskakommuner i tre av Danmarks fem regioner.Av undersökningen framgår att det finns både fördelar och nackdelar medanvändningen av skadedata. Försäkringsbolagens uppgifter används blandannat som ett komplement till övriga analyser för att skapa en helhetsbildav behovet av att förebygga skyfallsskador. Men även en viss tveksamhettill användning av försäkringsbranschens data kan skönjas i intervjuerna.Ett exempel på det är spänningen mellan offentlig och privat verksamhetsom framträder när en kommun vidtar kostsamma åtgärder och försäkringsbranschentar hem vinsten.Den här studien genomfördes på Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker,(dåvarande Centrum för klimat och säkerhet) vid Karlstads universitet, inomramen för projektet SPLASH (Skyfallsmodellering – planering, analys ochsårbarhetshantering) som finansierades av KK-stiftelsen.
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| 58. |
- Seibert, J., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Water storage in a till catchment. I : Distributed modelling and relationship to runoff
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - : Wiley. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; 25:25, s. 3937-3949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although water storage is an important variable to understand the hydrological functioning of a catchment, it is challenging to estimate the total water storage in a catchment. Catchment water storage can be estimated on the basis of water balance, but this approach is prone to errors in the different water balance terms. Here, an approach is presented to estimate the daily dynamics of catchment-wide soil water and groundwater storage on the basis of groundwater-level observations, soil properties and an assumption of hydrological equilibrium above the water table. This approach was applied to a 6300-m2 till catchment in Southwest Sweden. The predicted mean catchment water storage between April 1991 and June 1992 was 210mm and ranged from 190 to 260mm. The estimated water storage followed runoff rates closely especially during recession periods. On average, 79% of the water storage was held in the unsaturated zone, and the remaining 21% was groundwater, but this proportion varied strongly with runoff and total storage. During dry conditions, unsaturated storage accounted for at maximum 95% of the water storage; during wet conditions, this number dropped to 40%. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based disaster risk management : A scoping review focusing on risk, resilience and vulnerability assessment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Progress in Disaster Science. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0617. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of methods exist to aid decision-making in mitigating disaster risk, many of which fall into the categories of risk, vulnerability and/or resilience assessment methods. The objective of the present study is to provide an overview of these methods, with a particular focus on evidence that supports their practical implementation. A scoping study of scientific literature reveal 97 distinct methods. Despite the growing interest in publishing new methods, there seems to be a lack of focus on demonstrating their effectiveness in practice. The few contributions that do include some forms of evaluation typically do so by comparing the method’s output with disaster data, by contrasting it with the output of other methods, by having experts evaluate the structure of the method, or by testing the method in practice and evaluating its usage. To further strengthen the relevance of research on this topic, increased attention should be paid to this matter. A good starting point would be to use the ways of evaluation identified in this study and systematically present evidence regarding the practical usefulness of methods for risk, vulnerability and/or resilience assessment.
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