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| 44. |
- Song, Huan, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in the Prevalence of Atrophic Gastritis Among Adults Age 35 to 44 Years Old in Northern Sweden Between 1990 and 2009
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 13:9, s. 1592-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Atrophic corpus gastritis (ACG) is believed to be an early precursor of gastric adenocarcinoma. We aimed to investigate trends of ACG in Northern Sweden, from 1990 through 2009, and to identify possible risk factors. METHODS: We randomly selected serum samples collected from 5284 participants in 1990, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009, as part of the population-based, cross-sectional Northern Sweden Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease study (ages, 35-64 y). Information was collected on sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical factors using questionnaires. Serum samples were analyzed for levels of pepsinogen I to identify participants with functional ACG; data from participants with ACG were compared with those from frequency-matched individuals without ACG (controls). Blood samples were analyzed for antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and Cag pathogenicity island protein A. Associations were estimated with unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, 305 subjects tested positive for functional ACG, based on their level of pepsinogen I. The prevalence of ACG in participants age 55 to 64 years old decreased from 124 per 1000 to 49 per 1000 individuals between 1990 and 2009. However, the prevalence of ACG increased from 22 per 1000 to 64 per 1000 individuals among participants age 35 to 44 years old during this time period. Cag pathogenicity island protein A seropositivity was associated with risk for ACG (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-3.12). Other risk factors included diabetes, low level of education, and high body mass index. The association between body mass index and ACG was confined to individuals age 35 to 44 years old; in this group, overweight and obesity were associated with a 2.8-fold and a 4.7-fold increased risk of ACG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Among residents of Northern Sweden, the prevalence of ACG increased from 1990 through 2009, specifically among adults age 35 to 44 years old. The stabilizing seroprevalence of H pylori and the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity might contribute to this unexpected trend. Studies are needed to determine whether these changes have affected the incidence of gastric cancer.
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| 45. |
- Tynell, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Should plasma from female donors be avoided? : A population-based cohort study of plasma recipients in Sweden from 1990 through 2002
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 50:6, s. 1249-1256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Plasma from female donors has been implicated in the sometimes fatal complication known as transfusion-related acute lung injury. In studies of patients in intensive care units, worsened gas exchange of the lungs has also been attributed to female plasma. Despite a lack of population-based evidence, policies have already been introduced to exclude female donor plasma. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Short-term mortality after plasma transfusion was investigated using data from the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT) database. A cohort of 92,565 patients in 30 Swedish hospitals were followed for 14 days after their first plasma transfusion. The relative risk (RR) of death in recipients of female plasma compared to recipients of only male plasma was estimated from Poisson regression. RESULTS: Recipients had median age 70 years, received a mean of 4.4 plasma units, and had an overall 14-day mortality of 8.43%. Sixty-eight percent were exposed to female plasma, with a 14-day mortality of 8.85% compared to 7.53% in the nonexposed group. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the RRs were 1.16 (confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.27) and 1.32 (CI, 1.17-1.49) for those receiving 3 to 4 and 5 or more units of female plasma, respectively. Risk estimates were increased in an analysis of deaths with a concomitant discharge diagnosis involving the respiratory or circulatory system or an adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based cohort study of unselected patients suggests that transfusion of plasma from female donors confers a short-term survival disadvantage on recipients.
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| 46. |
- Ullum, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Blood donation and blood donor mortality after adjustment for a healthy donor effect
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 55:10, s. 2479-2485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that blood donors experience lower mortality than the general population. While this may suggest a beneficial effect of blood donation, it may also reflect the selection of healthy persons into the donor population. To overcome this bias, we investigated the relation between blood donation frequency and mortality within a large cohort of blood donors. In addition, our analyses also took into consideration the effects of presumed health differences linked to donation behavior.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using the Scandinavian Donation and Transfusion database (SCANDAT), we assessed the association between annual number of donations in 5-year windows and donor mortality by means of Poisson regression analysis. The analyses included adjustment for demographic characteristics and for an internal healthy donor effect, estimated among elderly donors exempted from continued donation because of age criteria.RESULTS Statistical analyses included 1,182,495 donors of whom 15,401 died during 9,526,627 person-years of follow-up. Analyses adjusted only for demographic characteristics showed a 18.6% reduction in mortality per additional annual donation (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.8%-20.4%). After additional adjustment for the internal healthy donor effect, each additional annual donation was associated with a 7.5% decreased mortality risk 7.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-9.4%).CONCLUSION We observed an inverse relationship between donation frequency and mortality. The magnitude of the association was reduced after adjustment for an estimate of self-selection in the donor population. Our observations indicate that repeated blood donation is not associated with premature death, but cannot be interpreted as conclusive evidence of a beneficial health effect.
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| 47. |
- Westerlund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual sleep patterns and the distribution of body mass index : cross-sectional findings among Swedish men and women.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 15:10, s. 1196-1203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare distributions of body mass index (BMI) between individuals with different habitual sleep patterns.METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses of 40,197 Swedish adults (64% women), who reported sleep duration and quality, weight, height, and possible confounding factors in 1997. Using quantile regression, we estimated associations between sleep patterns and selected percentiles of the distribution of BMI.RESULTS: While the medians were similar, larger adjusted values of BMI were estimated in the upper part of the distribution among men and women with short sleep (≤5 h) compared with medium-length sleep (6-8 h). For example, in men, the 90th percentile of BMI was 0.80 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval: 0.17-1.43 kg/m(2)) higher among short sleepers. In women, long sleepers (≥9 h) also showed larger values in the upper part of the BMI distribution; the 90th percentile was 1.23 kg/m(2) (0.42-2.04 kg/m(2)) higher than in medium-length sleepers. In male long sleepers, smaller values were estimated in the lower part of the BMI distribution; the 10th percentile was 0.84 kg/m(2) lower (0.35-1.32 kg/m(2)) than in medium-length sleepers. The 90th percentile of BMI in women with poor-quality compared with good-quality sleep was larger by 0.82 kg/m(2) (0.47-1.16 kg/m(2)); the 10th percentile was smaller by 0.17 kg/m(2) (0.02-0.32 kg/m(2)).CONCLUSIONS: Short, long or poor-quality sleepers showed larger, or smaller, values at the tails of the BMI distribution, but similar medians. Hence, unfavorable sleep patterns and BMI were associated only in a subset of this study population.
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| 48. |
- Wilson, Kathryn M, et al.
(författare)
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Snus use, smoking and survival among prostate cancer patients.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 139:12, s. 2753-2759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is associated with prostate cancer mortality. The Scandinavian smokeless tobacco product snus is a source of nicotine but not the combustion products of smoke and has not been studied with respect to prostate cancer survival. The study is nested among 9,582 men with incident prostate cancer within a prospective cohort of 336,381 Swedish construction workers. Information on tobacco use was collected at study entry between 1971 and 1992, and categorized into (i) never users of any tobacco, (ii) exclusive snus: ever users of snus only, (iii) exclusive smokers: ever smokers (cigarette, cigar and/or pipe) only and (iv) ever users of both snus and smoking. Hazard ratios for prostate cancer-specific and total mortality for smoking and snus use based on Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, calendar period at diagnosis and body mass index at baseline. During 36 years of follow-up, 4,758 patients died-2,489 due to prostate cancer. Compared to never users of tobacco, exclusive smokers were at increased risk of prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27) and total mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.26). Exclusive snus users also had increased risks for prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and total mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.37). Among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic disease, the HR for prostate cancer death among exclusive snus users was 3.17 (95% CI: 1.66-6.06). The study is limited by a single assessment of tobacco use prior to diagnosis. Snus use was associated with increased risks of prostate cancer and total mortality among prostate cancer patients. This suggests that tobacco-related components such as nicotine or tobacco-specific carcinogens may promote cancer progression independent of tobacco's combustion products.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Zheng, Zongli, et al.
(författare)
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A Method for Metagenomics of Helicobacter pylori from Archived Formalin-Fixed Gastric Biopsies Permitting Longitudinal Studies of Carcinogenic Risk
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:10, s. e26442-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human microbiota has come into focus in the search for component causes of chronic diseases, such as gastrointestinal cancers. Presumably long induction periods and altered local environments after disease onset call for the development of methods for characterization of microorganisms colonizing the host decades before disease onset. Sequencing of microbial genomes in old formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastrointestinal biopsies provides a means for such studies but is still challenging. Here we report a method based on laser capture micro-dissection and modified Roche 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to obtain metagenomic profiles of Helicobacter pylori. We applied this method to two 15 year old FFPE biopsies from two patients. Frozen homogenized biopsies from the same gastroscopy sessions were also available for comparison after re-culture of H. pylori. For both patients, H. pylori DNA dissected from FFPE sections had similar to 96.4% identity with culture DNA from the same patients, while only similar to 92.5% identity with GenBank reference genomes, and with culture DNA from the other patient. About 82% and 60% of the predicted genes in the two genomes were captured by at least a single sequencing read. Along with sequences displaying high similarity to known H. pylori genes, novel and highly variant H. pylori sequences were identified in the FFPE sections by our physical enrichment approach, which would likely not have been detected by a sequence capture approach. The study demonstrates the feasibility of longitudinal metagenomic studies of H. pylori using decade-preserved FFPE biopsies.
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