| 41. |
- Agnarsson, Björn, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Rutile TiO 2 thin films grown by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering
- 2013
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 545, s. 445-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin TiO 2 films were grown on Si(001) substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering (dcMS) and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 C.Optical and structural properties of films were compared both before and after post-annealing using scanning electron microscopy, low angle X-ray reflection (XRR), grazing inc idence X-ray diffractometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry.Both dcMS- and HiPIMS-grown films reveal polycrystalline rutile TiO 2 , even prior to post-annealing.The HiPIMS-grown films exhibit significantly larger grains compared to that of dcMC-grown films, approaching 100% of the film thickness for films grown at 700 C.In addition, the XRR surface roughness of HiPIMS-grown films was significantly lower than that of dcMS-grown films over the whole temperature range 300-700 C.Dispersion curves could only be obtained for the HiPIMS-grown films, which were shown to have a refractive index in the range of 2.7-2.85 at 500 nm.The results show that thin, rutile TiO 2 films, with high refractive index, can be obtained by HiPIMS at relatively low growth temperatures, without post-annealing.Furthermore, these films are smoother and show better optical characteristics than their dcMS-grown counterparts.© 2013 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Gretarsdottir, Solveig, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies a sequence variant within the DAB2IP gene conferring susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:8, s. 71-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,292 individuals with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and 30,503 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands, with a follow-up of top markers in up to 3,267 individuals with AAAs and 7,451 controls. The A allele of rs7025486 on 9q33 was found to associate with AAA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 and P = 4.6 x 10(-10). In tests for association with other vascular diseases, we found that rs7025486[A] is associated with early onset myocardial infarction (OR = 1.18, P = 3.1 x 10(-5)), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 1.14, P = 3.9 x 10(-5)) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.20, P = 0.00030), but not with intracranial aneurysm or ischemic stroke. No association was observed between rs7025486[A] and common risk factors for arterial and venous diseases-that is, smoking, lipid levels, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Rs7025486 is located within DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Huiberts, JN, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of yttriumtrihydride films for ex-situ measurements
- 1996
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE. - 0925-8388. ; 239:2, s. 158-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new method has been developed to synthesize compact yttriumtrihydride by making use of a thin film technique. For electrical measurements yttrium films of typically 500 nm thickness are covered under UHV conditions by a 5 nm thick palladium overlayer wh
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| 48. |
- Ingason, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Growth and structural properties of Mg:C thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering
- 2010
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 518:15, s. 4225-4230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the growth and structure properties of Mg:C thin films. The films are prepared using a dc magnetron sputtering discharge where the electrical resistance over the films is monitored during growth in-situ with a four point probe setup. The structural properties of the films are investigated using X-ray diffraction measurements and the elemental composition and binding in the films is determined using elastic recoil detection analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that during co-sputtering the carbon flux influences the initial stages of the film growth. The films are made of polycrystalline magnesium grains embedded in a carbon network, the size of which depends on the carbon content, but amorphous phases cannot be excluded. The XPS measurements show the presence of carbidic carbon whereas X-ray measurements find no Mg:C phases. The overall stability of the films is found to depend on the carbon content, where stable films capped with a 14 nm Pd layer cannot be obtained with carbon content above 18%.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lento, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature and spatial connectivity drive patterns in freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity across the Arctic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 67:1, s. 159-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Warming in the Arctic is predicted to change freshwater biodiversity through loss of unique taxa and northward range expansion of lower latitude taxa. Detecting such changes requires establishing circumpolar baselines for diversity, and understanding the primary drivers of diversity. We examined benthic macroinvertebrate diversity using a circumpolar dataset of >1,500 Arctic lake and river sites. Rarefied α diversity within catchments was assessed along latitude and temperature gradients. Community composition was assessed through region-scale analysis of β diversity and its components (nestedness and turnover), and analysis of biotic–abiotic relationships. Rarefied α diversity of lakes and rivers declined with increasing latitude, although more strongly across mainland regions than islands. Diversity was strongly related to air temperature, with the lowest diversity in the coldest catchments. Regional dissimilarity was highest when mainland regions were compared with islands, suggesting that connectivity limitations led to the strongest dissimilarity. High contributions of nestedness indicated that island regions contained a subset of the taxa found in mainland regions. High Arctic rivers and lakes were predominately occupied by Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, whereas Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa were more abundant at lower latitudes. Community composition was strongly associated with temperature, although geology and precipitation were also important correlates. The strong association with temperature supports the prediction that warming will increase Arctic macroinvertebrate diversity, although low diversity on islands suggests that this increase will be limited by biogeographical constraints. Long-term harmonised monitoring across the circumpolar region is necessary to detect such changes to diversity and inform science-based management.
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