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Sökning: WFRF:(Olin A.)

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221.
  • Wang, Xuhui, et al. (författare)
  • Global irrigation contribution to wheat and maize yield
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Irrigation is the largest sector of human water use and an important option for increasing crop production and reducing drought impacts. However, the potential for irrigation to contribute to global crop yields remains uncertain. Here, we quantify this contribution for wheat and maize at global scale by developing a Bayesian framework integrating empirical estimates and gridded global crop models on new maps of the relative difference between attainable rainfed and irrigated yield (ΔY). At global scale, ΔY is 34 ± 9% for wheat and 22 ± 13% for maize, with large spatial differences driven more by patterns of precipitation than that of evaporative demand. Comparing irrigation demands with renewable water supply, we find 30–47% of contemporary rainfed agriculture of wheat and maize cannot achieve yield gap closure utilizing current river discharge, unless more water diversion projects are set in place, putting into question the potential of irrigation to mitigate climate change impacts.
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222.
  • Zhou, Hao, et al. (författare)
  • A comprehensive evaluation of hydrological processes in a second-generation dynamic vegetation model
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - 0885-6087. ; 38:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The global water and carbon cycles are greatly influenced by terrestrial vegetation, making trustworthy representations of dynamic biosphere–hydrosphere interactions a crucial component of both ecosystem and climate models. This paper comprehensively evaluates the hydrological performance of a leading dynamic global vegetation model Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS), using a broad range of the latest available global observation-based gridded datasets that cover the main components of the hydrological cycle. Overall, we find that the hydrological components modelled by LPJ-GUESS agree well with global gridded datasets of runoff, evapotranspiration and surface soil moisture, though there are discrepancies in some regions and periods. Furthermore, LPJ-GUESS accurately captures both inter- and intra-annual variations of runoff in most regions and catchment areas, including the Danube, Murray, Yangtze, Yenisei and Nile basins. Total evapotranspiration modelled by LPJ-GUESS agrees closely with the evapotranspiration estimates of the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model and PML-V2 datasets, but with some disagreement in the individual components, especially for evaporation. The surface soil moisture simulated by LPJ-GUESS aligns with ESA-CCI (v5.3) surface soil moisture datasets in most regions, with greatest discrepancies in subarctic areas. We attribute these discrepancies to two main sources: (1) absent or poor representation of processes such as river routing, storage and supply of water bodies, and cropland irrigation; and (2) uncertainties in both reference datasets and input to the model, including precipitation, soil texture, and land use.
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223.
  • Ziegler, K., et al. (författare)
  • The synthesis of matrices of embedded semiconducting nanowires
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Faraday discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-6640 .- 1364-5498. ; 125, s. 311-326
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work we report how single crystal nanowires can be assembled into regular arrays using mesoporous thin films to define the architecture. Mesoporous thin films were prepared by a sol-gel method. These provide films of very regular structure and dimensions. The films produced in this way have almost single crystal like structures and can also exhibit strong epitaxy to the underlying silicon substrate. The films are subjected to a supercritical fluid (SCF) environment in which a precursor is decomposed to yield nanowires of metals, semiconductors or oxides. Using these SCF conditions, pore filling is complete and the products are nanowires which are single crystals and structurally aligned in one direction. The growth mechanism of the nanowires is described and size effects discussed.
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