| 41. |
- Næss, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Refinement of the MHC risk map in a scandinavian primary sclerosing cholangitis population
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) represent the strongest genetic susceptibility factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Identifying the causal variants within this genetic complex represents a major challenge due to strong linkage disequilibrium and an overall high physical density of candidate variants. We aimed to refine the MHC association in a geographically restricted PSC patient panel.
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| 42. |
- Olaya-Contreras, Patricia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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THE INFLUENCE OF DISTRESS ON DISABILITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PAIN INTENSITY AFTER 7 DAYS OF ACUTE SEVERE LOW BACK PAIN
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X. ; 65:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low back pain (LBP) is described as highly recurrent and frequently persistent public health worldwide. The “stay active” concept has been regarded as the most appropriate treatment recommendation for patients with acute LBP. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of distress on disability, physical activity and pain intensity in subjects with severe acute LBP. Methods A Randomised Control Trial (RCT) was conducted, 99 employed subjects (mean age 45 years, 20–63), 61% white- and 39% blue-collar workers with acute LBP were examined within 48 h after the onset of pain. All patients were initially assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Positive Outlook Scale (DAPOS) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) questionnaires. Thereafter, the patients documented the following in a diary over a 7-day period: pain intensity, disability rating index (DRI) and step count (pedometer). Linear Mixed Models (LMM) for repeated measures were employed for the statistical analyses. All results were adjusted for age, gender, treatment, number of days and for the interaction term (treatment *DAPOS-D). Results Prospectively, DRI and pain intensity responses were differentially mediated by the treatment, in interaction with the scores of DAPOS (p<0.05). Patients with high scores on DAPOS exhibited higher risk for worse pain-disability after follow-up. Additionally, patients with higher baseline scores on TSK (>38) had a lower step count over time (p<0.05). Conclusion Depressed mood and fear of movement affect the outcomes of disability, the level of physical activity and the pain intensity in patients with acute LBP.
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| 43. |
- Olsson, Marita
(författare)
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Building bridges between school and working life : a study of the approaches adopted by schools to create beneficial preconditions for young people’s entry into adult life and the working environment
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Vocational Training Journal. - 0378-5068. ; II:29, s. 71-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The labour market of today requires higher formal qualifications and broader knowledge, resulting in a greater risk of unemployment, especially among young people. For young people, unemployment can mean a threat to their personal values, such as the gaining of adult status. Schools are criticised for being detached from reality and for not being able to develop the knowledge and qualifications that working life demands. The purpose of this case study is to examine how schools with vocational training programmes organise their work in order, on the one hand, to impart the knowledge that modern working life demands and, on the other hand, to introduce young adolescents to adult life and the working environment.
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| 44. |
- Olsson, Marita, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Contemporary Risk Estimates of Three HbA(1c) Variables for Myocardial Infarction in 101,799 Patients Following Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 38:8, s. 1481-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by impaired glycemic control in a contemporary large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes followed from diagnosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 1995 and 2011 were retrieved from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the U.K., and followed from diagnosis until event of MI or end of study in 2013. Two subcohorts were defined: an early cohort with those diagnosed from 1997 to 2004 and a recent cohort with those diagnosed from 2004 to 2011. Association between each of three HbA(1c) metrics and MI was estimated using adjusted proportional hazards models. In the overall cohort (n = 101,799), the risk increase for MI per 1% (10 mmol/mol) increase in HbA(1c) was higher for updated latest and updated mean HbA(1c) of 1.11 (95% CI 1.09-1.13) and 1.15 (1.13-1.18) than for baseline HbA(1c) of 1.05 (1.03-1.06). In the early subcohort, the corresponding risk estimates were greater than those in the recent subcohort. When categorized, the updated latest variable showed an increased risk for HbA(1c) <6% (42 mmol/mol), relative category 6-7%, in the recent but not in the early subcohort, with hazard ratios of 1.23 (1.08-1.40) and 1.01 (0.84-1.22), respectively. The two time-updated HbA(1c) variables show a stronger relation with MI than baseline HbA(1c). The risk association between HbA(1c) and MI has decreased over time. In recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes, an increased risk of MI exists at a current HbA(1c) of <6.0% (42 mmol/mol).
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| 45. |
- Olsson, Marita, 1965
(författare)
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EM Estimation in Phase Type Models
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four articles whose theme in common is the class of phase type distributions. In the first article an EM algorithm is presented to estimate the parameters of a phase type distribution of fixed order. Also, it is shown that the algorithm can be used to approximate other continuous distributions by phase type distributions. In article number two, the EM algorithm is adjusted to handle fitting of phase type distributions to samples containing right censored and/or interval censored observations. The third article deals with approximations of standard errors of identifiable functions (e.g. the distribution function at a fixed point) of a fitted phase type distribution. Standard error approximations are calculated both by using asymptotic theory and by using the jackknife technique. The two methods are compared and evaluated by simulations in several examples. The last article presents a parametric model for estimation of the relapse time of a disease in certain clinical trials. The model is a special phase type model where the state space of the underlying Markov process is split into two parts; the first set of states represents the patient still being healthy, a transition to a second set of states takes place when the patient get a relapse, and a transition to an absorbing state represents the patient getting symptoms of the disease.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Olsson, Torsten, 1937, et al.
(författare)
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Cell Swelling, Seizures and Spreading Deprssion: An Impedance Study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 140:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cellular processes that take place during the transition from pre-seizure state to seizure remain to be defined. In this study in awake, paralyzed rats, we used an electrical impedance measure of changes in extra-cellular intracranial volume to estimate changes in cell size in acute models of epilepsy. Animals were prepared with extradural electroencephalographic (EEG)/impedance electrodes and a venous catheter. On a subsequent day, animals were paralyzed, ventilated and treated with picrotoxin, kainic acid or fluorocitrate in doses that usually induce epileptiform discharges. We now report that increases in baseline impedance were induced by kainic acid and smaller increases by picrotoxin. We also demonstrated that epileptiform discharges were preceded by small, accelerated increases in impedance. Increases in baseline impedance were highly correlated with increases in power of non-ictal high frequency EEG activity. Seizures were accompanied by increases in impedance and all treatments induced transient, relatively large, increases in impedance often associated with unilateral reductions in low frequency EEG, likely periods of spreading depression. We conclude: cerebral cells swell in convulsant models of epilepsy, that there are pre-ictal accelerations in cell swelling, and that spreading depression-like events are frequently associated with seizures.
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