| 31. |
- Lundström, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Advances in understanding the podzolization process resulting from a multidisciplinary study of three coniferous forest soils in the Nordic Countries
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Geoderma. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 94:04-feb, s. 335-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geochemical, mineralogical, micromorphological, microbiological, hydrochemical and hpdrological joint investigations were performed at two coniferous podzolic sites in the north of Sweden and at one in the south of Finland. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to create numerous pens (3-10-mu m diameter) in many weatherable mineral grains in the eluvial (E) horizon. During the growing season, identified low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids such as citric, shikimic, oxalic and fumaric acids comprised 0.5-5% of the DOC and 0.5-15% of the total acidity in soil solutions. Between 20% and 40% of the dissolved Al was bound to the identified LMW organic acids. Mineral dissolution via complexing LMW acids, probably exuded in part by the mycorrhiza hyphae, is likely to be a major weathering process in podzols. We found no evidence for a decreasing C/metal ratio of the migrating organo-metal complexes that could explain the precipitation of secondary Fe and AL in the illuvial (B) horizon. Instead, microbial degradation of organic ligands resulting in the release of ionic,Al and Fe to the soil solution may he an important process facilitating the formation of solid Al-SI-OH and Fe-OH phases in the podzol B horizon. However, within the B horizon transport as proto-imogilite (PI) sols might be possible. In the B horizon, the extractable,Al and Fe was predominantly inorganic. The large specific surface area (SSA) removable by oxalate extraction, the high point of zero charge salt effect (PZSE), the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the high sulphate exchange capacity (SEC), painted to the presence of short-range ordered variable charge phases. Imogolite type material (ITM) was indeed identified in all B horizons by IR spectroscopy and crystalline imogolite was found in the deep B horizon of one profile. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated that Fe in the form of ferrihydrite was formed by intergrowth with an Al-Si-OH phase. The high amounts of Fe and Al transported from the O to the E horizon indicate that there could be an upward transport of these elements before they are leached to the B horizon. We hypothesize that the LMW Al complexes an transported by hyphae to the mor (O) layer, partly released and subsequently complexed by high molecular weight (HMW) acids.
|
|
| 32. |
- Löfgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of whole-tree harvest on soil and stream water acidity in southern Sweden based on HD-MINTEQ simulations and pH-sensitivity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 383, s. 49-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shift in major drivers of acidification from sulfur deposition to biological acidification has put the focus on the impact of biomass harvest for bioenergy on the acid base status of forests soils and surface waters. This paper presents a model-based assessment in which the impact of whole-tree harvest (WTH) is compared with that of no harvest at two different sulfur deposition levels by use of the HD-MINTEQ model. Additionally, the pH-sensitivity of 179 randomly selected boreal headwater streams was assessed. The results indicate that the exchangeable Ca2+ pool in humus and mineral soils (<= B-horizon) is most affected by harvest. Concerning the pH, the WTH impact is restricted to shallow soils and for a much shorter period of time. The impact of WTH on the soil solution was primarily restricted to the recharge area and much less pronounced in the discharge area. Due to high buffering capacity of riparian soils and low pH-sensitivity of many headwater streams, the pH effects of WTH on surface waters will most probably be small, at least over a rotation period of several decades. Over time perspectives of multiple rotations, the pH effects are more uncertain due to a possible slow successive protonation of organic matter in the riparian zone. Another important aspect is the currently restricted availability of mobile anion charge balancing the acidity produced by tree growth. Therefore, the acidity is to a large extent arrested in the soil. At the current low S deposition levels, southwestern Sweden seems to be the least vulnerable region to further acid input due to high buffer capacity at low pH. The streams in central and northern Sweden are much more pH-sensitive, but restricted availability of mobile strong acid anions and large buffer capacity in the soils make them less vulnerable to WTH. The partly diverging results between experimental and model studies indicate that one or more processes (hydrological, chemical or biological) are not fully understood or that available data are lacking for a proper parameterization. Thus, the results from long-term WTH experiments are very important for understanding the processes involved as well as for improving and validating model predictions. We therefore encourage societal support of maintaining monitoring and research coupled to such experiments. For the future and for improving our current understanding of biogeochemical dynamics in forest ecosystems subjected to active forestry as well as for policy and management purposes, a mixture of experiments and models ought to be used. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 33. |
- Nordin, Steven, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of FESS and additional fluticasone propionate nasal drops on psychological well-being in nasal polyposis with asthma
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 133:9, s. 939-943
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion: A combined therapy of fluticasone propionate nasal drops (FPND) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) can improve quality of life (QoL). When compared with prior data, the results imply that a generic measure of psychological aspects of QoL may be better than measures of respiratory symptoms and clinical parameters to capture a patient's perception of the disease and its treatment. Objective: To better understand effects of FPND and FESS on generic QoL. Methods: Sixty nasal polyposis patients with concomitant asthma completed participation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-week study in which they responded to the General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS). Results: GWBS scores (i) increased significantly after administration of FPND, independent of FESS (from lower than normal to normal), (ii) increased after FESS independent of FPND (from lower than normal to normal), and (iii) increased additively after FPND and FESS.
|
|
| 34. |
- Nordin, Steven, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of smell loss on daily life and adopted coping strategies in patients with nasal polyposis with asthma
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 131:8, s. 826-832
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONCLUSIONS: Results from prior studies of quality of life (QoL) in heterogeneous patient groups (regarding disorder type and etiology) with olfactory disorders may be useful also for understanding QoL in homogeneous patient groups. Diagnosis and treatment of smell loss should be given high priority in polyposis with asthma, and coping strategies can be suggested to these patients.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of smell loss on daily life and coping strategies in patients with smell loss without dysosmia and with nasal polyposis with asthma as the only primary etiology, and to compare these results with those from a prior study of a patient group with heterogeneous olfactory disorders and etiology.METHODS: Fifty patients with smell loss and with nasal polyposis and asthma responded to questions about consequences of smell loss, QoL, psychological well-being and distress, and coping strategies.RESULTS: Negative consequences of smell loss, associated risks, and diminished food enjoyment were commonly reported, and various aspects of QoL were rated as being deteriorated. Psychological well-being was found to be poorer than normal, and use of both problem- and emotion-focused strategies was common. The results from this homogeneous patient group are very similar to those previously obtained from a heterogeneous group.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Olsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Vila vid denna källa
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Konsten att rättsvetenskapa: den tysta kunskapen i juridisk forskning. - 9176785807 ; , s. 203-221
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 37. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Examining the Use of Subsidies for the Abatement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Experimental Simulations
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European Environment. ; , s. 184-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A market experiment was designed to empirically investigate the potential effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system to reduce sales and therefore production of environmentally harmful products. The important issue of whether the subsidy system preserves competitiveness was also examined. In the experiment two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with no subsidy. To simulate the way in which subsidy levels may vary across time in real markets, the effects of high and low uncertainty regarding the subsidy level were also investigated. The results showed that subsidies, whether known and fixed or uncertain and varying, did not erode competition but nevertheless led to higher prices, which resulted in fewer sales. In the control condition a price war resulting in decreasing prices and increasing sales were observed. Several ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sector and other sectors are discussed. It is suggested that subsidies may make the adjustment process toward sustainable production less costly for the regulated parties.
|
|
| 38. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental simulations of a subsidy system for sustainable production
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system aimed to reduce sales and therefore production of environmentally harmful products. Two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with a control condition without a sub-sidy. The results showed that the subsidies did not erode competition but never-theless led to the setting of higher prices that resulted in fewer sales. In the con-trol condition a price-war led to decreasing prices and increasing sales. The ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sec-tor and other sectors are discussed. Specifically, it is proposed that the subsidy system may complement the newly introduced European Emission Trading Scheme.
|
|
| 39. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental tests of system of governmental subsidies for sustainable production.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at the 7th Nordic Environmental Social Science (NESS) research conference, Göteborg University, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting game was used to investigate the potential ef-fectiveness of a governmental subsidy system to reduce sales and therefore pro-duction of environmentally harmful products. Two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with a control condition without a subsidy. The results showed that the subsidies did not prevent competition but nevertheless led to the setting of higher prices that resulted in fewer sales. In the control condition a price war led to decreasing prices and increasing sales. The ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sector and other sectors are discussed. Specifically, it is proposed that the subsidy system may complement the newly introduced European Emission Trading Scheme
|
|
| 40. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsidies for sustainable production: Effects of changing subsidy level
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting game was used to investigate the potential ef-fectiveness of a subsidy system aimed at reducing sales and thereby production of environmentally harmful products. In real life it is however likely that a subsidy level will never remain fixed, either nominally or in real value. Producers may also have unreliable perceptions of the subsidy level even if it does not change. Therefore, a subsidy, either fixed and known, varying randomly, or varying sys-tematically across trials, was investigated. The results showed that both fixed and known, as well as varying subsidy levels led to higher prices and thus re-duced sales compared to without a subsidy. Knowledge of a fixed subsidy level or expectations about a subsidy level based on previous trials, appeared to make participants refrain from setting lower prices than the subsidy level. Further-more, the results indicated that participants attempted to maximize their profit by selling to the lowest price, thus they stayed competitive and did not exploit the subsidy.
|
|
