| 21. |
- Birnbaum, Yochai, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of the ECG in Diagnosis, Risk Estimation, and Catheterization Laboratory Activation in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Consensus Document
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. - : Wiley. - 1082-720X. ; 19:5, s. 412-425
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most widely used imaging tool helping in diagnosis and initial management of patients presenting with symptoms compatible with acute coronary syndrome. Acute ischemia affects the configuration of the QRS complexes, the ST segments and the T waves. The ECG should be read along with the clinical assessment of the patient. ST segment elevation (and ST depression in leads V-1-V-3) in patients with active symptoms usually indicates acute occlusion of an epicardial artery with ongoing transmural ischemia. These patients should be triaged for emergent reperfusion therapy per current guidelines. However, many patients have ST segment elevation secondary to nonischemic causes. ST depression in leads other than V-1-V-3 usually are indicative of subendocardial ischemia secondary to subocclusion of the epicardial artery, distal embolization to small arteries or spasm supply/demand mismatch. ST depression may also be secondary to nonischemic etiologies, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, etc. Knowing the clinical scenario, comparison to previous ECG and subsequent ECGs (in cases that there are changes in the quality or severity of symptoms) may add in the diagnosis and interpretation in difficult cases. This review addresses the different ECG patterns, typically seen in patients with active symptoms, after resolution of symptoms and the significance of such changes when seen in asymptomatic patients.
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| 22. |
- Brudin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of two commonly used reference materials for exercise bicycle tests with a Swedish clinical database of patients with normal outcome
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 34:4, s. 297-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reference values for working capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, perceived exertion, etc. during bicycle exercise tests have been sought after for many years. This is because earlier commonly used reference values for physical work capacity have been either too low or too high when compared to the clinical experience of several Swedish departments of clinical physiology. The aim of the study was to compare two commonly used reference materials with normal outcomes from a clinical database. Methods: Data from a clinical database of standardized exercise tests in Kalmar, Sweden, between 2004 and 2012, and having been judged as normal, were divided into 5-year categories of 5-10 to 75-80 years of age covering people from 7 to 80 years of age. Results: Maximal working capacity (W-max), maximal heart rate, maximal systolic blood pressure and maximal perceived exertion are presented for each of the 15 age categories. Regression equations are also presented for each sex with age and height as independent predictors. Quantitative comparisons of W-max are calculated for the three materials and possible explanations discussed. Conclusions: Values of W-max lie between the two reference materials most commonly used in Sweden. In addition, the present material covers subjects aged 7-19 years.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Elmberg, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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A 12-lead ECG-method for quantifying ischemia-induced QRS prolongation to estimate the severity of the acute myocardial event.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8430 .- 0022-0736. ; 49:3, s. 272-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown terminal QRS distortion and resultant QRS prolongation during ischemia to be a sign of low cardiac protection and thus a faster rate of myocardial cell death. A recent study introduced a single lead method to quantify the severity of ischemia by estimating QRS prolongation. This paper introduces a 12-lead method that, in contrast to the previous method, does not require access to a prior ECG.
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| 29. |
- Engblom, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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ECG-MRI based localization of myocardial infarction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current News in Cardiology. - Milano : Springer Milan. - 9788847006355 ; , s. 347-354
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged in the last decade as an important method for characterizing various aspects of cardiac anatomy, patho-anatomy, pathophysiology, and function. Measurements of flow parameters, left ventricular function, and grade of valvular regurgitation have been validated and proved to serve as excellent gold standards compared to simpler, established techniques, such as echocardiography, thermodilution measurements, and electrocardiography.
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| 30. |
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