| 31. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Återetablering av vandrande storöring i övre Österdalälven : en genetisk utvärdering av utsättningar av Siljansöring i biflödet Fjätälven
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie var att göra en genetisk kartläggning av öringen i Österdalälven, samt att utvärdera ett projekt med målsättningen att återintroducera Siljansöring i de övre delarna av Österdalälven genom utsättningar av främst befruktad rom i biflödet Fjätälven. Resultaten är baserade på DNA-analyser av s.k. mikrosatellitmarkörer och visar på en påtaglig populationsstruktur i området. Mer eller mindre tydliga genetiska skillnader observerades mellan i princip samtliga analyserade stickprov av naturligt förekommande öring från området. Sammanfattningsvis bildar öringen i Storån (en av Österdalälvens huvudsakliga tillflöden) en genetiskt distinkt grupp, likaså den i biflödet Grövlan, medan öringen i biflöden längre nedströms i Österdalälven, som Sörälven, Fjätälven och Krypån, bildar en tredje grupp med mindre tydliga genetiska skillnader sinsemellan. Den storvuxna, vandrande öring som hålls på odlingen i Särna och som benämns Siljansöring avvek genetiskt från samtliga stickprov av naturligt förekommande öring i övre Österdalälven med biflöden. Detta gjorde det möjligt att utvärdera utsättningarna i biflödet Fjätälven med hjälp av genetiska analyser. Förekomst av återvändande vuxna individer med genuppsättningar typiska för Siljansöring visar att den utsatta fisken överlevt i området och att andelen storvuxen, vandrande öring successivt har ökat i Fjätälven sedan utsättningarna påbörjades. Den utsatta öringen nyttjar sannolikt Trängslets regleringsmagasin som uppväxtområde. Analyser av datorsimulerade individer av olika ursprung visar vidare att det i framtiden finns möjlighet att studera den utsatta Siljanöringens reproduktiva framgång i Fjätälven, samt utreda i vilken grad stammarna hybridiserar. Analys av storvuxna öringar från andra delar av Österdalälven visar att det även finns en annan storvuxen, vandrande öring naturligt i området, som sannolikt nyttjar främst biflödena Sörälven och Krypån som lekområden. Denna öring påminner genetiskt om den odlade Siljansöring som satts ut i Fjätälven, även om vissa skillnader finns. Det är osäkert om denna stam är att betrakta som en rest av den öring i Österdalälven som innan vattenkraftsutbyggnaden nyttjade Siljan som uppväxtområde, eller om den utgör en storvuxen öringstam som hela tiden nyttjat andra områden längre uppströms under uppväxtfasen (som t.ex. Idresjön och Särnasjön). Resultaten pekar på en påtaglig populationsstruktur i övre Österdalälven, och det kan inte uteslutas att öring från olika populationer anpassats genetiskt till lokala miljöbetingelser. Öringen i området bör därför förvaltas lokalt, vilket bl.a. innebär att utsättningar av främmande öringstammar inte bör ske, och eventuella förflyttningar av öring inom området bör genomföras med hänsyn till den populationsgenetiska struktur som föreligger.
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| 32. |
- Dannewitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Åtgärder i syfte att stärka svaga lax- och öringbestånd i Bottniska viken
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta biologiska underlag sammanfattar situationen för Bottniska vikens bestånd av lax och havsöring. Underlaget har skrivits efter att Havs- och vattenmyndigheten beställt biologisk rådgivning från SLU Aqua avseende ändrade föreskrifter för fiske i svaga älvar (FIFS 2004:37) samt för svenskt nyttjande och fördelning av laxkvoten (FIFS 2004:25 och 2004:36) med särskilt fokus på skydd av Vindelälvens laxbestånd. Inledningsvis ges en generell beskrivning av laxbeståndens utveckling och hälsostatus där även svaga bestånd som är i behov av akuta förvaltningsåtgärder identifieras. Därefter utvärderas tänkbara förvaltningsåtgärder varav vissa tidigare diskuterats vid ett arbetsmöte mellan Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, Länsstyrelserna i Västerbotten och Norrbotten samt SLU Aqua i Luleå 2018-11-21. I underlaget utvärderas även förslag från Länsstyrelsen i Västernorrland avseende förändrade fiskeregler i och utanför Ljungan. Avslutningsvis ges en kort sammanfattning av havsöringens beståndsstatus samt förslag på åtgärder i vattendragen i syfte att minska negativa effekter av fiske.
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| 33. |
- Delling, Bo, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic signs of multiple colonization events in Baltic ciscoes with radiation into sympatric spring- and autumnspawners confined to early postglacial arrival
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 4:22, s. 4346-4360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presence of sympatric populations may reflect local diversification or secondary contact of already distinct forms. The Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) normally spawns in late autumn, but in a few lakes in Northern Europe sympatric autumn and spring- or winter-spawners have been described. So far, the evolutionary relationships and taxonomic status of these main life history forms have remained largely unclear. With microsatellites and mtDNA sequences, we analyzed extant and extinct spring- and autumn-spawners from a total of 23 Swedish localities, including sympatric populations. Published sequences from Baltic ciscoes in Germany and Finland, and Coregonus sardinella from North America were also included together with novel mtDNA sequences from Siberian C. sardinella. A clear genetic structure within Sweden was found that included two population assemblages markedly differentiated at microsatellites and apparently fixed for mtDNA haplotypes from two distinct clades. All sympatric Swedish populations belonged to the same assemblage, suggesting parallel evolution of spring-spawning rather than secondary contact. The pattern observed further suggests that postglacial immigration to Northern Europe occurred from at least two different refugia. Previous results showing that mtDNA in Baltic cisco is paraphyletic with respect to North American C. sardinella were confirmed. However, the inclusion of Siberian C. sardinella revealed a more complicated pattern, as these novel haplotypes were found within one of the two main C. albula clades and were clearly distinct from those in North American C. sardinella. The evolutionary history of Northern Hemisphere ciscoes thus seems to be more complex than previously recognized.
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| 34. |
- Enbody, Erik D., et al.
(författare)
-
Ecological adaptation in European eels is based on phenotypic plasticity
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative role of genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity is of fundamental importance in evolutionary ecology [M. J. West-Eberhard, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (suppl. 1), 6543-6549 (2005)]. European eels have a complex life cycle, including transitions between life stages across ecological conditions in the Sargasso Sea, where spawning occurs, and those in brackish and freshwater bodies from northern Europe to northern Africa. Whether continental eel populations consist of locally adapted and genetically distinct populations or comprise a single panmictic population has received conflicting support. Here we use whole-genome sequencing and show that European eels belong to one panmictic population. A complete lack of geographical genetic differentiation is demonstrated. We postulate that this is possible because the most critical life stages-spawning and embryonic development-take place under near-identical conditions in the Sargasso Sea. We further show that within-generation selection, which has recently been proposed as a mechanism for genetic adaptation in eels, can only marginally change allele frequencies between cohorts of eels from different geographic regions. Our results strongly indicate plasticity as the predominant mechanism for how eels respond to diverse environmental conditions during postlarval stages, ultimately solving a long-standing question for a classically enigmatic species.
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| 35. |
- Giovanoulis, Georgios, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of exposure to phthalate esters and DINCH in urine and nails from a Norwegian study population
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 151, s. 80-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalate esters (PEs) and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) used as additives in numerous consumer products are continuously released into the environment, leading to subsequent human exposure which might cause adverse health effects. The human biomonitoring approach allows the detection of PEs and DINCH in specific populations, by taking into account all possible routes of exposure (e.g. inhalation, transdermal and oral) and all relevant sources (e.g. air, dust, personal care products, diet). We have investigated the presence of nine PE and two DINCH metabolites and their exposure determinants in 61 adult residents of the Oslo area (Norway). Three urine spots and fingernails were collected from each participant according to established sampling protocols. Metabolite analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. Metabolite levels in urine were used to back-calculate the total exposure to their corresponding parent compound. The primary monoesters, such as monomethyl phthalate (MMP, geometric mean 89.7 ng/g), monoethyl phthalate (MEP, 104.8 ng/g) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, 893 ng/g) were observed in higher levels in nails, whereas the secondary bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and DINCH oxidative metabolites were more abundant in urine (detection frequency 84-100%). The estimated daily intakes of PEs and DINCH for this Norwegian population did not exceed the established tolerable daily intake and reference doses, and the cumulative risk assessment for combined exposure to plasticizers with similar toxic endpoints indicated no health concerns for the selected population. We found a moderate positive correlation between MEP levels in 3 urine spots and nails (range: 0.56-0.68). Higher frequency of personal care products use was associated with greater MEP concentrations in both urine and nail samples. Increased age, smoking, wearing plastic gloves during house cleaning, consuming food with plastic packaging and eating with hands were associated with higher levels in urine and nails for some of the metabolites. In contrast, frequent hair and hand washing was associated with lower urinary levels of monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5-OH-MEHP), respectively.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Grönwall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Generation of Affibody (R) ligands binding interieukin-2 receptor alpha/CD25
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology and applied biochemistry. - 0885-4513 .- 1470-8744. ; 50:2, s. 97-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody (R) molecules specific for human IL-2R alpha, the IL-2 (interieukin-2) receptor a subunit, also known as CD25, were selected by phage-display technology from a combinatorial protein library based on the 58-residue Protein A-derived Z domain. The IL-2R system plays a major role in T-cell activation and the regulation of cellular immune responses. Moreover, CD25 has been found to be overexpressed in organ rejections, a number of autoimmune diseases and T-cell malignancies. The phage-display selection using Fc-fused target protein generated 16 unique Affibody (R) molecules targeting CD25. The two most promising binders were characterized in more detail using biosensor analysis and demonstrated strong and selective binding to CD25. Kinetic biosensor analysis revealed that the two monomeric Affibody (R) molecules bound to CD25 with apparent affinities of 130 and 240 nM respectively. The Affibody (R) molecules were, on biosensor analysis, found to compete for the same binding site as the natural ligand IL-2 and the IL-2 blocking monoclonal antibody 2A3. Hence the Affibody (R) molecules were assumed to have an overlapping binding site with IL-2 and antibodies targeting the IL-2 blocking Tac epitope (for example, the monoclonal antibodies Daclizumab and Basiliximab, both of which have been approved for therapeutic use). Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow-cytometric analysis of CD25-expressing cells demonstrated that the selected Affibody (R) molecules bound to CD4(+) CD25(+) PMBCs (peripheral-blood mononuclear cells), the IL-2-dependent cell line NK92 and phytohaemagglutinin-activated PMBCs. The potential use of the CD25-binding Affibody (R) molecules as targeting agents for medical imaging and for therapeutic applications is discussed.
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| 38. |
- Hellström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Spawning migration behavior of salmon and sea trout in the Tornionjoki river system: Interim report 2018‒2019
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tornionjoki salmon and sea trout are closely monitored annually with multiple methods. Despite extensive data collection, some fundamental knowledge of the Tornionjoki salmon and sea trout relevant for modern adaptive salmon management is still lacking. Specifically, the in-river migratory behavior and survival of both pre- and post-spawning salmon and sea trout, as well as the distribution of spawning sites, are not well known. In addition, recent observations of sick and dying salmon in the Tornionjoki system, and declining returns reported from many rivers in connection with these observations, are concerning. More knowledge about how the disease symptoms affect behavior and survival of the Tornionjoki salmon is therefore needed. In-river migrations of Tonionjoki salmon and sea trout have been studied in cooperation between Luke and Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU) by means of radio telemetry in 2018‒2019. Radiotagging of salmon was carried out at the estuary from June to July (n = 227) and in the river in spring (May-June, n = 10) and autumn (August-October, n = 38). Sea trout were tagged in the river in spring (May-June, n = 33) and autumn (August-October, n = 59). Samples for age and genetic analysis were taken from all tagged individual, and the visual condition of the fish was classified in conjunction with the tagging. In both study years, a majority (61% in 2018; 83% in 2019) of the salmon tagged at the estuary returned to the sea by the end of July, i.e before spawning. Of the salmon that entered and stayed in the river until spawning, most of them were located below the Kattilakoski echo sounding place (c. 100 km from the sea) during spawning time. The salmon caught and tagged in the river showed a highly varying post-release behavior. In both study years, all salmon tagged in the spring moved downstream and descended to the sea or died during downstream movement. In contrast, all salmon tagged in autumn stayed in the river over the spawning time. Most of them stayed near the tagging site during the autumn, but some of them moved a long distance upstream after release. The tagged sea trout can be divided into two groups based on their migration pattern: (1) immature trout which moved into the lowermost river for overwintering and returned back to the sea in next spring, and (2) mature trout which ascended the river for spawning. The second group can be further divided into trout which entered the lowermost river in autumn and overwinter there before continuing to the spawning areas next spring, and trout which entered the river in springtime and continued to the spawning areas within the same season. In spawning time, autumn 2019, tagged trout were located in the main stem Tornionjoki and Muonionjoki, as well as in the tributaries Naamijoki, Äkäsjoki, Parkajoki and Merasjoki.
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| 39. |
- Hellström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Spawning migration of salmon and sea trout in the Tornionjoki river
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this collaborative project between the Natural Resources Institute (Luke) and the Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), the migratory behaviour and survival of Tornionjoki (Torneälv in Swedish) salmon and sea trout were studied between 2018‒2021 by the means of radiote-lemetry. Altogether, 227 and 92 salmon were tagged at the Tornionjoki estuary and in the river, respectively. 114 sea trout were tagged in the river. Scale samples and fin clips for age-ing and genetic identification were taken from all the tagged specimens. The external condi-tion of the tagged specimen was also documented (wounds, skin colour, degree of haemor-rhage etc.). Moreover, a separate follow-up of the external condition of salmon caught in trap nets was conducted in 2020‒2021 at sea near the river mouth.The post-release behaviour of salmon tagged at the estuary was markedly different from that normally expected: a large majority (61% and 83% in 2018 and 2019, respectively) of the salmon which ascended the river after tagging aborted their riverine migration on the lower river and returned to the sea during the summer (i.e., before spawning season). Those salmon which stayed in the river until spawning time predominantly stayed on the lowermost 100 km of the river. More varying migration patterns were observed among the salmon tagged in the river. All specimens caught and tagged during the early summer of 2018 and 2019 started to drift downstream after their release and none of them was alive in the river at spawning time. However, about half of the specimens tagged in the river in early summer 2020 and 2021 continued their upstream migration and were alive in the river at spawning time. Salmon tagged in late summer 2018‒2020 stayed alive in the river and almost half of them also moved further upstream by spawning time. A large majority of salmon overwintered in the river after spawning and returned to the sea in spring. The majority of the salmon caught in the estuary had various external damages (wounds, scale losses, fin damages, and skin haem-orrhage). Most of the damages, however, were regarded as minor. No correlation between the occurrence of damages and the post-tagging behaviour of salmon could be detected.Based on the data obtained from tagged sea trout, two distinct groups of trout were recog-nised: (1) non-mature trout which ascended the river in autumn and returned to the sea in spring after overwintering in river, and (2) maturing trout which ascended the river in autumn, overwintered in the river, and continued their upstream spawning migration the following summer. Specimens belonging to either of these groups typically overwintered in the same short lowermost stretch of the river, although some of the maturing trout overwintered fur-ther upstream. At spawning season, tagged trout were located both on the main stem (Torni-onjoki and Muonionjoki rivers) and in several tributaries (Naamijoki, Äkäsjoki, Parkajoki, Paka-joki and Merasjoki rivers). After spawning time, trout which were observed in the tributaries usually moved back to the main stem where they overwintered and descended to the sea the next spring. Both the immature and the maturing overwintering trout descended to the sea at almost the same time in spring.The results of the project highlight the sensitivity of salmon to handling at/around the time of their river ascent in early summer. This sensitivity is likely linked to the recent health problems observed among Tornionjoki salmon and may have induced the unexpected (and seemingly maladaptive) migratory behaviour of salmon observed in the study. The in-river and sea to river movements observed for the Tornionjoki sea trout provides very useful information for efforts to protect this species and strengthen its stock status. In general, mature Tornionjoki sea trout have a two year in-river migratory cycle in connection with spawning, and hence spend a large majority of their life in the river, which underlines the need for good management of the riverine environment and river fisheries.
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| 40. |
- Ignatowicz, Monika, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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ISO-PARAFFINS AS LOW TEMPERATURE SECONDARY FLUIDS
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 5TH IIR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TRANSFER PROCESSES OF REFRIGERANTS (TPTPR). - : INT INST REFRIGERATION. ; , s. 436-442
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethylene and propylene glycol water based secondary solutions are very popular due to their low corrosivity character, low freezing point, high boiling point and low fire hazards. The main drawback of ethylene glycol solutions is its potential toxicity both to the environment, animals and food products. Therefore, propylene glycol is the most common substitute for ethylene glycol. The biggest disadvantage of propylene glycol solutions is its very high viscosity at low temperatures, which results in higher pumping power and lower system performance. For very low temperatures, it is common to use non-aqueous synthetic fluids, which have lower viscosities at these temperatures. Thus, the aim of this paper is to propose a new generation of synthetic iso-paraffins having better thermophysical properties compared to existing synthetic products used for very low temperature applications. The first results showed that the new generation of iso-paraffins having the freezing temperature of - 50 degrees C or lower had significantly lower viscosity (between 75 % and 98 %) at very low temperatures compared to 60 wt-% propylene glycol (PG 60 %) and 60 wt-% ethylene glycol solution (EG 60 %). Iso-paraffin 1 showed better performance than iso-paraffin 2 by giving the lowest freezing point, the lowest dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity as well as the highest thermal conductivity. Instead, iso-paraffin 2 had higher specific heat capacity. As seen, the different composition of iso-paraffin mixture can result in different properties and operating temperature ranges. Thus, iso-paraffins could become an interesting alternative for very low temperature cooling applications.
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