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- Kataria, S., et al.
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Chemical vapor deposited graphene : From synthesis to applications
- 2014
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In: Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. - : Wiley. - 1862-6300 .- 1862-6319. ; 211:11, s. 2439-2449
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Graphene is a material with enormous potential for numerous applications. Therefore, significant efforts are dedicated to large-scale graphene production using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. In addition, research is directed at developing methods to incorporate graphene in established production technologies and process flows. In this paper, we present a brief review of available CVD methods for graphene synthesis. We also discuss scalable methods to transfer graphene onto desired substrates. Finally, we discuss potential applications that would benefit from a fully scaled, semiconductor technology compatible production process.
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- Mondal, Rajesh, et al.
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Tight constraints on the excess radio background at z=9.1 from LOFAR
- 2020
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In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 498:3, s. 4178-4191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ARCADE2 and LWA1 experiments have claimed an excess over the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at low radio frequencies. If the cosmological high-redshift contribution to this radio background is between 0.1 per cent and 22 per cent of the CMB at 1.42 GHz, it could explain the tentative EDGES low-band detection of the anomalously deep absorption in the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen. We use the upper limit on the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (z = 9.1) based on 141 h of observations with LOFAR to evaluate the contribution of the high-redshift Universe to the detected radio background. Marginalizing over astrophysical properties of star-forming haloes, we find (at 95 per cent CL) that the cosmological radio background can be at most 9.6 per cent of the CMB at 1.42 GHz. This limit rules out strong contribution of the high-redshift Universe to the ARCADE2 and LWA1 measurements. Even though LOFAR places limit on the extra radio background, excess of 0.1-9.6 per cent over the CMB (at 1.42 GHz) is still allowed and could explain the EDGES low-band detection. We also constrain the thermal and ionization state of the gas at z = 9.1, and put limits on the properties of the first star-forming objects. We find that, in agreement with the limits from EDGES high-band data, LOFAR data constrain scenarios with inefficient X-ray sources, and cases where the Universe was ionized by stars in massive haloes only.
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- Mowbray, Sherry L, et al.
(author)
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Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase : A Potential Drug Target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2014
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In: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 19:9, s. 13161-13176
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Globally, tuberculosis is second only to AIDS in mortality and the disease is responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. The impractically long treatment schedules (generally 6-9 months) and unpleasant side effects of the current drugs often lead to poor patient compliance, which in turn has resulted in the emergence of multi-, extensively- and totally-drug resistant strains. The development of new classes of anti-tuberculosis drugs and new drug targets is of global importance, since attacking the bacterium using multiple strategies provides the best means to prevent resistance. This review presents an overview of the various strategies and compounds utilized to inhibit glutamine synthetase, a promising target for the development of drugs for TB therapy.
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| 189. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive review on thermochemical, and biochemical conversion methods of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable end product
- 2023
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In: Fuel. - : Elsevier. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignocellulosic wastes have emerged as a potential feedstock in the last decades. There are multiple reasons for its abundance, easy availability, economic, and abundant sources. It can be used to produce several value-added products. Among them, fuel is considered one of the important requirements. Production of fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is a tricky business. The major reason for its failure is the low product yield. Therefore, high yield and low-cost are the two key parameters which need significant optimization. To achieve the target several newer technologies such as pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification have emerged. These techniques are much more efficient than that of conventional acid or alkali. At the same time quality of the product is also improved. The focus of this review is to analyze the efficiency of chemical conversion of lignocellulosic residues into valuable fuels keeping in mind the cost-reduction strategies.
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| 190. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(author)
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Biotechnological strategies for bio-transforming biosolid into resources toward circular bio-economy : A review
- 2022
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In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 156
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biosolids are the biological organic matter extracted from various treatment processes of wastewater which are considered as a rich source of energy and nutrients. The most commonly used method for the disposal of biosolids is landfilling. But this causes the loss of valuable nutrients and creates environmental issues. Circular economy approaches provide a better way for utilization these resources in a sustainable manner. This allows maximum utilization of resources and many natural resources can be preserved and utilized for future generations. The present review provides a comprehensive illustration of biotechnological approaches for the utilization of biosolids. Various process strategies for the utilization of biosolids for the production of energy, fuels and valueadded products are discussed. The utilization of this rich organic matter under circular economy has also been described in detail.
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