| 21. |
- Östgren, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of atherosclerosis in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes compared to normoglycaemic individuals-a Swedish population-based study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular diabetology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-2840. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events and people with diabetes or prediabetes have been found to have increased atherosclerotic burden in the coronary and carotid arteries. This study will estimate the cross-sectional prevalence of atherosclerosis in the coronary and carotid arteries in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes, compared with normoglycaemic individuals in a large population-based cohort.The 30,154 study participants, 50-64 years, were categorized according to their fasting glycaemic status or self-reported data as normoglycaemic, prediabetes, and previously undetected or known diabetes. Prevalence of affected coronary artery segments, severity of stenosis and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) were determined by coronary computed tomography angiography. Total atherosclerotic burden was assessed in the 11 clinically most relevant segments using the Segment Involvement Score and as the presence of any coronary atherosclerosis. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries was determined by ultrasound examination.Study participants with prediabetes (n = 4804, 16.0%) or diabetes (n = 2282, 7.6%) had greater coronary artery plaque burden, more coronary stenosis and higher CACS than normoglycaemic participants (all, p < 0.01). Among male participants with diabetes 35.3% had CACS ≥ 100 compared to 16.1% among normoglycaemic participants. For women, the corresponding figures were 8.9% vs 6.1%. The prevalence of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries was higher in participants with previously undetected diabetes than prediabetes, but lower than in patients with known diabetes. The prevalence of any plaque in the carotid arteries was higher in participants with prediabetes or diabetes than in normoglycaemic participants.In this large population-based cohort of currently asymptomatic people, the atherosclerotic burden in the coronary and carotid arteries increased with increasing degree of dysglycaemia. The finding that the atherosclerotic burden in the coronary arteries in the undetected diabetes category was midway between the prediabetes category and patients with known diabetes may have implications for screening strategies and tailored prevention interventions for people with dysglycaemia in the future.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ahlström-Emanuelsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of topical formoterol alone and in combination with budesonide in a pollen season model of allergic rhinitis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 101:6, s. 1106-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: beta(2)-Agonists may exert mast cell stabilizing and anti-plasma exudation effects. White available data suggest no or only marginal effects of beta(2)-agonists on symptoms of allergic rhinitis, little is known about whether these drugs may add to the efficacy of anti-rhinitis drugs. Objective: To examine effects of a beta(2)-agonist, alone and in combination with an intranasal glucocorticosteroid, on symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis. Methods: Patients were examined in a pollen season model. Budesonide 64 mu g, alone and in combination with formoterot 9 mu g, as well as formoterot 9 mu g alone was given in a placebo-controlled and crossover design. After 7 days of treatment, the patients received allergen challenges for 7 days. Symptoms and nasal peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were recorded. Nasal lavages with and without histamine were carried out at the end of each challenge series. These lavages were analysed for tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and alpha(2)-macroglobutin as indices of mast cell activity, eosinophil activity, and plasma exudation, respectively. Results: Budesonide reduced symptoms of allergic rhinitis and improved nasal PIF in the morning, in the evening as well as post allergen challenge. Formoterol alone did not affect symptoms or nasal PIF and did not affect the efficacy of budesonide. Tryptase, ECP, and alpha(2)-macroglobutin were significantly reduced by budesonide. Formoterol alone did not affect these indices and did not affect the anti-inflammatory effect of budesonide. Conclusion: The present dose of formoterot does not affect symptoms and inflammatory signs of allergic rhinitis and does not add to the efficacy of topical budesonide.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ahlström-Emanuelsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing a model of seasonal allergic rhinitis and demonstrating dose-response to a topical glucocorticosteroid
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. - 1081-1206. ; 89:2, s. 159-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis may vary greatly. Hence, for research purposes, there is a need for disease-like models of allergic rhinitis. In a preliminary study, involving 7 days' challenge with allergen, promising symptom consistency was obtained and dose-response to a glucocorticosteroid could, in part, be demonstrated. Objective: To establish this model of seasonal allergic rhinitis and test the hypothesis that mometasone furoate is more potent than budesonide as an antirhinitis drug. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis received treatment with spray-formulations of placebo, budesonide 64 kg, budesonide 256 mug, and mometasone furoate 200 mug in a double-blind, crossover design. After 3 days' treatment, individualized nasal allergen-challenges were administered daily for 7 days while the treatment continued. Nasal symptoms and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were recorded. Results: During the last 3 days of allergen challenge without active treatment, consistent around-the-clock symptoms were recorded and recordings during these days were used in the analysis. With few exceptions the active treatments reduced nasal symptoms and improved nasal PIF (P values <0.001 to 0.05). Budesonide caused dose-dependent improvements in evening symptoms, morning nasal PIF, and nasal PIF recorded 10 minutes after allergen-challenge (P values <0.05). Budesonide 256 mug produced greater improvement than mometasone furoate 200 mug for nasal PIF 10 minutes after allergen-challenge (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present allergen challenge method, producing consistent symptoms and nasal PIF data, emerges as a model of seasonal allergic rhinitis well suited for exploring potency and efficacy of drug intervention. The present data do not support the view that mometasone furoate is a more potent antirhinitis drug than budesonide.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Alawadi, Sadi, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A Federated Interactive Learning IoT-Based Health Monitoring Platform
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Trends in Database and Information Systems. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 235-246, s. 235-246
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote health monitoring is a trend for better health management which necessitates the need for secure monitoring and privacy-preservation of patient data. Moreover, accurate and continuous monitoring of personal health status may require expert validation in an active learning strategy. As a result, this paper proposes a Federated Interactive Learning IoT-based Health Monitoring Platform (FIL-IoT-HMP) which incorporates multi-expert feedback as ‘Human-in-the-loop’ in an active learning strategy in order to improve the clients’ Machine Learning (ML) models. The authors have proposed an architecture and conducted an experiment as a proof of concept. Federated learning approach has been preferred in this context given that it strengthens privacy by allowing the global model to be trained while sensitive data is retained at the local edge nodes. Also, each model’s accuracy is improved while privacy and security of data has been upheld.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Alvarsson Jan-Åke, Agüero Oscar, Bretschneider Peter, Brunius Staffan, Gumucio Juan Carlos, Gurt Carl-Johan, Hultkrantz Åke, Isacsson Sven-Erik, Johnsson Mick, Kurkiala Mikael, Liljefors-Persson Bodil, Perruchon Marie & Århem Kaj
(författare)
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Amerikas indiankulturer
- 1997
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating clinically relevant skin tumor diagnostics with spectroscopy-driven machine learning
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 27:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the dawning era of artificial intelligence (AI), health care stands to undergo a significant transformation with the increasing digitalization of patient data. Digital imaging, in particular, will serve as an important platform for AI to aid decision making and diagnostics. A growing number of studies demonstrate the potential of automatic pre-surgical skin tumor delineation, which could have tremendous impact on clinical practice. However, current methods rely on having ground truth images in which tumor borders are already identified, which is not clinically possible. We report a novel approach where hyperspectral images provide spectra from small regions representing healthy tissue and tumor, which are used to generate prediction maps using artificial neural networks (ANNs), after which a segmentation algorithm automatically identifies the tumor borders. This circumvents the need for ground truth images, since an ANN model is trained with data from each individual patient, representing a more clinically relevant approach.
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