| 481. |
- Sjöstrand, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Destination governance as meta-organising
- 2023
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Ingår i: Enabling sustainable visits. - Visby : Uppsala University. - 9789150630145 - 9789150630237 ; , s. 147-171
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter examines the organising of a destination and the challenges of enabling sustainable visits. The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the prerequisites of an assigned DMO so as to take on the responsibility of enabling a sustainable destination by applying the concept of meta organisation. The recommendations by the UNWTO for how destinations should be governed, and its strategic view, are discussed and an alternative view of meta-organisations is presented. Through a case study of a destination, the challenges of organising and managing a destination with multiple and heterogeneous organisations are illustrated. Based on the discussion on organising, the chapter contributes by elaborating on factors enabling sustainable visits.
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| 482. |
- Sjövall, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with sepsis exhibit increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in peripheral blood immune cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535. ; 17:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In sepsis, mitochondria have been associated with both initial dysfunction and subsequent upregulation (biogenesis). However, the evolvement of mitochondrial function in sepsis over time is largely unknown, and we therefore investigated mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood immune cells (PBICs) in sepsis patients during the first week after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: PBICs from 20 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were analyzed with high-resolution respirometry 3 times after admission to the ICU (within 48 hours, days 3 to 4 and days 6 to 7). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cytochrome c (Cyt c), and citrate synthase (CS) were measured as indicators of cellular mitochondrial content. Results: In intact PBICs with endogenous substrates, a gradual increase in cellular respiration reached 173% of controls after 1 week (P = 0.001). In permeabilized cells, respiration using substrates of complex I, II, and IV were significantly increased days 1 to 2, reaching 137%, 130%, and 173% of controls, respectively. In parallel, higher levels of CS activity, mtDNA, and Cyt c content in PBICs (211%, 243%, and 331% of controls for the respective indicators were found at days 6 to 7; P < 0.0001). No differences in respiratory capacities were noted between survivors and nonsurvivors at any of the time points measured. Conclusions: PBICs from patients with sepsis displayed higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities compared with controls, due to an increased mitochondrial content, as indicated by increased mitochondrial DNA, protein content, and enzyme activity. The results argue against mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction in this type of cells in sepsis.
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| 483. |
- Skogsberg, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel distribution visualization from an air-assisted injector in a spray chamber
- 2004
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Ingår i: Comodia 2004, Yokohama, 2-5 aug 2004.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical measurements have been performed to visualize the fuel distribution from an air-assisted GDI injector in a constant volume spray chamber. In the air-assisted injector, fuel droplet breakup occurs as the droplets are accelerated by the expanded air flow passing out through the injector nozzle. The injector design allows for two distinct modes of operation: stratified (low load) and homogenous (full load). Therefore, measurements were taken at back-pressure and temperature settings corresponding to both low and full loads, to investigate the influence of these variables on fuel distribution, droplet sizes and velocities in the two modes.Results from PDA measurements show that most of the droplet break-up occurs inside the nozzle. Downstream of the nozzle, rates of break-up and evaporation are low. The cause of the low breakup and evaporation rates downstream of the nozzle is believed to be the low relative velocity between the liquid fuel and the surrounding cold air jet.The fuel distribution has been visualized qualitatively by simultaneous MIE and LIF measurements with two intensified digital cameras in combination with a 266 nm YAG-laser.
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| 484. |
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| 485. |
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| 486. |
- Smolle, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Total Body Surface Area Adjusted Daily Diagnostic Blood Loss May Be Higher in Minor Burns-Are Our Patients the Victims of Daily Routine?
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Burn Journal. - : MDPI. - 2673-1991. ; 5:2, s. 175-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burns are common and devastating injuries, often necessitating intensive care treatment and long-term hospitalisation, making burn patients susceptible to hospital-acquired anaemia and blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to assess diagnostic blood loss in burn patients at the burn intensive care unit (BICU) at Uppsala University Hospital between 1 September 2016 and 30 June 2019. Medical records were screened; age, gender, mechanism, % total body surface area (TBSA), Baux score, length of stay, days on the respirator, days of continuous renal replacement therapy, number of operations, and number of blood tests per patient were assessed. Volume per blood test was estimated as the volume needed for the specific test tube. A total of 166 patients were included in the study. The mean TBSA was 18.0% +/- 20, and the mean length of stay was 17.0 +/- 41 days. Median diagnostic blood loss was 13.1 mL/day/patient (IQR 7.0, 23.9) and correlated positively with burn extent, Baux score, and mortality. Daily diagnostic blood loss/%TBSA/patient was 1.2 mL (IQR 0.7, 2.3). Transfusion of blood products occurred in 73/166 patients (44%). In conclusion, diagnostic blood loss is greatly influenced by TBSA extent. The diagnostic blood loss can reach significant levels and may affect the transfusion rate.
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| 487. |
- Sprei, Frances, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Motsatspar för att illustrera hållbarhetens mångfald: presentation av del av kursmaterial
- 2016
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Ingår i: KUL2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hållbar utveckling används och kan tolkas på många olika sätt. I läsmaterialet Hållbar utveckling: historia,definition & ingenjörens roll presenterar vi sex olika motsatspar som ett ramverk för att förstå dennamångfald. Syftet är att ge studenterna en bättre förståelse av debatten men också kunna reflektera kringsina egna ståndpunkter.
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| 488. |
- Stefansson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic generation of passive infrared motion sensor data using a game engine
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 21:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantifying the number of occupants in an indoor space is useful for a wide variety of applications. Attempts have been made at solving the task using passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor data together with supervised learning methods. Collecting a large labeled dataset containing both PIR motion sensor data and ground truth people count is however time-consuming, often requiring one hour of observation for each hour of data gathered. In this paper, a method is proposed for generating such data synthetically. A simulator is developed in the Unity game engine capable of producing synthetic PIR motion sensor data by detecting simulated occupants. The accuracy of the simulator is tested by replicating a real-world meeting room inside the simulator and conducting an experiment where a set of choreographed movements are performed in the simulated environment as well as the real room. In 34 out of 50 tested situations, the output from the simulated PIR sensors is comparable to the output from the real-world PIR sensors. The developed simulator is also used to study how a PIR sensor’s output changes depending on where in a room a motion is carried out. Through this, the relationship between sensor output and spatial position of a motion is discovered to be highly non-linear, which highlights some of the difficulties associated with mapping PIR data to occupancy count.
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| 489. |
- Steins, Krisjanis, 1971-
(författare)
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Discrete-Event Simulation for Hospital Resource Planning : Possibilities and Requirements
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The delivery of health care services has been under pressure due to limited funding and increasing demand. This has highlighted the need to increase not only the effectiveness but also the efficiency of health care delivery. Discrete-event simulation has been suggested as an analysis tool in health care management to support the planning of health care resources.The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities and requirements for using discrete-event simulation in analyzing and planning the use of hospital resources. This is achieved by three case studies that focus on improvements in patient flow of emergency patients that require a radiology examination, intensive care unit capacity planning and operating room allocation strategies, respectively.The first case investigates the current stage of digitization and process orientation in hospital care as a prerequisite for efficient process simulation and analysis. The study reveals an emergency-radiology patient flow process that is not very well measured and uncovers disparate information systems storing incompatible and fragmented data. These results indicate that the current degree of process orientation and the current IT infrastructure does not enable efficient use of quantitative process analysis and management tools like simulation.In the second case the possibilities to develop generic hospital unit simulation models by building and validating a generic intensive care unit (ICU) model are explored. The results show that some of the modeling approaches described in literature cannot replicate the actual behavior observed in all studied ICUs. It is important to identify patient groups for different admission priorities, to account for over-utilizations in the model logic, and to discover and properly model dependencies in the input data. The research shows that it is possible to develop a generic ICU simulation model that could realistically describe the performance of different real ICUs in terms of occupancy, coverage and transfers.The value of simulation modeling in health care management is examined in the third case through the development and use of a simulation model for optimal resource allocation and patient flow in a hospital operating department. The goal of the simulation modeling in this case was to identify bottlenecks in the patient flow and to try different alternatives for allocation of operating room capacity in order to increase the utilization of operating room resources. The final model was used to evaluate four different proposed changes to operating room time allocation.
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| 490. |
- Steins, Krisjanis, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Factors for Successful Implementation of Simulation Modeling in Healthcare
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Privacy and Health Information Management (IJPHIM). - : IGI Global. - 2155-5621 .- 2155-563X. ; 3:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of academic literature surveys have shown that only a small fraction of published healthcare simulation studies are actually implemented. This research identifies factors that can contribute to successful implementation of simulation results in healthcare. The authors have been involved in a six year long simulation study in a Swedish regional hospital’s operating department. The three most important factors that contributed to implementation in this case were: the timing of simulation study to support a critical decision, advantageous cost benefit ratio of the implementation and thorough model validation. Other contributing factors included high degree of staff involvement, availability of good quality data, as well as proper incentives to improve the system. Findings of this study can help in establishing the prerequisites for successful implementation in other cases.
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