| 51. |
- Nevoux, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental influences of life history strategies in partial anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 20:6, s. 1051-1082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life-history decisions. These are intra- and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice, introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life-history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research.
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| 52. |
- Nilsson, Bengt Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Beneficial effects of spermidine on cardiovascular health and longevity suggest a cell type-specific import of polyamines by cardiomyocytes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Society Transactions. - 0300-5127. ; 47:1, s. 265-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent and exciting in vivo studies show that supplementation with the polyamine spermidine (Spd) is cardioprotective and prolongs lifespan in both mice and humans. The mechanisms behind Spd-induced cardioprotection are supposed to involve Spd-evoked stimulation of autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration and improved the mechano-elastical function of cardiomyocytes. Although cellular uptake of Spd was not characterized, these results suggest that Spd is imported by the cardiomyocytes and acts intracellularly. In the light of these new and thrilling data, we discuss in the present review cellular polyamine import with a special focus on mechanisms that may be relevant for Spd uptake by electrically excitable cells such as cardiomyocytes.
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| 53. |
- Nilvebrant, N.-O., et al.
(författare)
-
Limits for alkaline detoxification of dilute-acid lignocellulose hydrolysates
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 1559-0291. ; 107:1-3, s. 615-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to fermentable sugars, dilute-acid hydrolysates of lignocellulose contain compounds that inhibit fermenting microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous results show that phenolic compounds and furan aldehydes, and to some extent aliphatic acids, act as inhibitors during fermentation of dilute-acid hydrolysates of spruce. Treatment of lignocellulose hydrolysates with alkali, usually in the form of overliming to pH 10.0, has been frequently employed as a detoxification method to improve fermentability. A spruce dilute-acid hydrolysate was treated with NaOH in a factorial design experiment, in which the pH was varied between 9.0 and 12.0, the temperature between 5 and 80°C, and the time between 1 and 7 h. Already at pH 9.0, >25% of the glucose was lost when the hydrolysate was treated at 80°C for 1 h. Among the monosaccharides, xylose was degraded faster under alkaline conditions than the hexoses (glucose, mannose, and galactose), which, in turn, were degraded faster than arabinose. The results suggest that alkali treatment of hydrolysates can be performed at temperatures below 30°C at any pH between 9.0 and 12.0 without problems with sugar degradation or formation of inhibiting aliphatic acids. Treatment with Ca(OH)2 instead of NaOH resulted in more substantial degradation of sugars. Under the harsher conditions of the factorial design experiment, the concentrations of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural decreased while the total phenolic content increased. The latter phenomenon was tentatively attributed to fragmentation of soluble aromatic oligomers in the hydrolysate. Separate phenolic compounds were affected in different ways by the alkaline conditions with some compounds showing an increase in concentration while others decreased. In conclusion, the conditions used for detoxification with alkali should be carefully controlled to optimize the positive effects and minimize the degradation of fermentable sugars.
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| 54. |
- Näslund, Joacim, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Hatchery tank enrichment affects cortisol levels and shelter-seeking in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0706-652X .- 1205-7533. ; 70:4, s. 585-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stocking programs using hatchery-reared salmon are often implemented for augmenting natural populations. However, survival of these fish is often low compared with wild conspecifics, possibly because of genetic, physiological, and behavioural deficiencies. Here, we compared presmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from three different environmental treatments (barren environment, plastic tube enrichment, and plastic shredding enrichment) with regard to plasma cortisol levels, shelter-seeking behaviour, and fin deterioration. Basal plasma cortisol levels were higher in barren-reared fish, indicating higher stress levels, while no differences were found in acute cortisol response after a 30 min confinement test. Shelter-seeking was higher in salmon reared in enriched tanks when tested alone, but not when tested in small groups. Barren-reared fish had higher levels of fin deterioration over winter, potentially owing to higher aggression levels. These results suggest that enrichment can reduce the impact of stressors experienced in the hatchery and thus increase fish welfare. Tank enrichment may also be used to produce salmon better adapted for the more complex environment encountered after release.
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| 55. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(författare)
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A new method of shift and gain correction for arbitrary spectra
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 383:2-3, s. 473-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new method of correction of instrumental shifts and gain changes observed in experimental spectra is presented. An application of the method to the data collected in a large scale in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment is discussed.
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| 56. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(författare)
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In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Cd-101
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 608:2, s. 227-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Excited states of Cd-101 were studied in the reaction Ni-58(Cr-50,2p alpha n)Cd-101. The NORDBALL array with a Neutron Wall and a Silicon Ball was employed for the detection of gamma-rays and evaporated particles, The level scheme of Cd-101 was significan
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| 57. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(författare)
-
In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Cd-103
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 624:2, s. 210-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Excited states of Cd-103 were studied in the reaction Ni-58(Cr-50,4pn)Cd-103. The NORDBALL array with neutron and charged particle detectors was employed for the detection of gamma rays and light evaporated particles. The level scheme of Cd-103 was signif
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| 58. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(författare)
-
In beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of very neutron deficient odd-cadmium isotopes
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - : ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 28:1-2, s. 309-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the very neutron deficient odd cadmium isotopes Cd-99, Cd-101 and Cd-103 are discussed in terms of the nuclear shell model. Systematics of excited states in Cd99-109 is presented.
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
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